申命记 25
Chinese New Version (Simplified)
25 “如果人与人之间有争讼的事，就上法庭去；审判官审判他们的时候，要定义人有理，定恶人有罪； 2 如果有罪的人应受责打，审判官就要叫他伏下，当面按着他的罪，照着数目责打他。 3 只可打他四十下，不可再多；恐怕你多打了他，过了这数目，你的兄弟就在你眼前受辱了。
4 “牛在踹谷的时候，不可笼住牠的嘴。
兄弟可代兄弟传宗接代
5 “兄弟住在一起，他们中间如果有一个死了，没有留下儿子，死者的妻子就不可出嫁外人；她丈夫的兄弟要向她尽兄弟的本分，娶她为妻，和她同房。 6 她所生的长子要归亡兄的名下，免得他的名字从以色列中被涂抹了。 7 那人如果不喜欢娶他兄弟的妻子，他兄弟的妻子就要到城门去见长老，说：‘我丈夫的兄弟不肯在以色列中为自己的哥哥立名，不肯对我尽兄弟的本分。’ 8 本城的长老就要把那人叫来，对他说明；如果他坚持说：‘我不乐意娶她’， 9 他哥哥的妻子就要当着长老的面前，走到那人跟前，脱去他脚上的鞋子，吐唾沫在他的脸上，说：‘那不为自己哥哥建立家室的，人人都要这样对待他。’ 10 从此，在以色列中他的名字（“他的名字”或译：“他的家的名字”）必称为‘脱鞋者之家’。
其他条例
11 “有两个人在一起打斗，如果其中一人的妻子走前来，要救她的丈夫脱离那打她丈夫的人的手，就伸手抓住那人的下体， 12 你就要砍掉那妇人的手；你的眼不可顾惜。
13 “你袋里不可有两样不同的法码，一大一小； 14 你家里不可有两样不同的升斗，一大一小。 15 你要有准确公正的法码，你要有准确公正的升斗，好使你在耶和华你的 神赐给你的地上，得享长寿。 16 因为所有行这些事的，就是行不义的事的，都是耶和华你的 神厌恶的。
灭绝亚玛力人的命令
17 “你要记住你们出了埃及以后，亚玛力人在路上怎样对待你； 18 怎样在路上遇见了你，趁你疲倦困乏的时候，攻击你后方所有软弱无力的人，并不敬畏 神。 19 所以耶和华你的 神使你脱离四围所有的仇敌，在耶和华你的 神赐给你作产业的地上，得享太平的时候，你务要把亚玛力这名号从天下涂抹，不可忘记。”
Deuteronomy 25
Legacy Standard Bible
25 “(A)If there is a dispute between men and they go to court for judgment, and [a]the judges judge their case, (B)and they justify the righteous and condemn the wicked, 2 then it shall be if the wicked man [b](C)deserves to be struck, the judge shall then make him lie down and be struck in his presence with the number of stripes according to his [c]guilt. 3 (D)He may strike him forty times but no more, lest he strike him with many more stripes than these and your brother be (E)dishonored in your eyes.
4 “(F)You shall not muzzle the ox while it is threshing.
5 “If brothers live together and one of them dies and has no son, then the wife of the one who died shall not be married outside the family to a strange man. (G)Her husband’s brother shall go in to her and take her to himself as wife and perform the duty of a husband’s brother to her. 6 And it will be that the firstborn whom she bears shall [d]assume the name of his dead brother, so that (H)his name will not be blotted out from Israel. 7 (I)But if the man does not desire to take his brother’s wife, then his brother’s wife shall go up to the gate to the elders and say, ‘My husband’s brother refuses to raise up a name for his brother in Israel; he is not willing to perform the duty of a husband’s brother to me.’ 8 Then the elders of his city shall summon him and speak to him. And if he stands and says, ‘I do not desire to take her,’ 9 (J)then his brother’s wife shall come to him in the sight of the elders and pull his sandal off his foot and (K)spit in his face; and she shall answer and say, ‘Thus it is done to the man who does not build up his brother’s house.’ 10 And in Israel his name shall be called, ‘The house of him whose sandal is removed.’
11 “If two men, a man and his brother, are struggling together, and the wife of one comes near to deliver her husband from the hand of the one who is striking him, and she puts out her hand and seizes his genitals, 12 then you shall cut off her [e]hand; [f](L)you shall not show pity.
13 “(M)You shall not have in your bag [g]differing weights, a large and a small. 14 You shall not have in your house [h]differing measures, a large and a small. 15 You shall have a full and just weight; you shall have a full and just [i]measure, (N)that your days may be prolonged in the [j]land which Yahweh your God gives you. 16 For (O)everyone who does these things, everyone who acts unjustly, is an abomination to Yahweh your God.
17 “(P)Remember what Amalek did to you along the way when you came out from Egypt, 18 how he met you along the way and attacked among you all the stragglers at your rear, but you were faint and weary; and he (Q)did not [k]fear God. 19 Therefore it will be, when Yahweh your God has given you (R)rest from all your surrounding enemies, in the land which Yahweh your God gives you as an inheritance to [l]possess, you shall blot out the memory of Amalek from under heaven; you must not forget.
Footnotes
- Deuteronomy 25:1 Lit they judge them
- Deuteronomy 25:2 Lit is a son of beating
- Deuteronomy 25:2 Or wickedness
- Deuteronomy 25:6 Lit stand on
- Deuteronomy 25:12 Lit palm
- Deuteronomy 25:12 Lit your eye
- Deuteronomy 25:13 Lit a stone and a stone
- Deuteronomy 25:14 Lit an ephah and an ephah
- Deuteronomy 25:15 Lit ephah
- Deuteronomy 25:15 Lit ground
- Deuteronomy 25:18 Or reverence
- Deuteronomy 25:19 Lit possess it
Deuteronomy 25
New English Translation
25 If controversy arises between people,[a] they should go to court for judgment. When the judges[b] hear the case, they shall exonerate[c] the innocent but condemn[d] the guilty. 2 Then,[e] if the guilty person is sentenced to a beating,[f] the judge shall force him to lie down and be beaten in his presence with the number of blows his wicked behavior deserves.[g] 3 The judge[h] may sentence him to forty blows,[i] but no more. If he is struck with more than these, you might view your fellow Israelite[j] with contempt.
4 You must not muzzle your[k] ox when it is treading grain.
Respect for the Sanctity of Others
5 If brothers live together and one of them dies without having a son, the dead man’s wife must not remarry someone outside the family. Instead, her late husband’s brother must go to her, marry her,[l] and perform the duty of a brother-in-law.[m] 6 Then[n] the first son[o] she bears will continue the name of the dead brother, thus preventing his name from being blotted out of Israel. 7 But if the man does not want to marry his brother’s widow, then she[p] must go to the elders at the town gate and say, “My husband’s brother refuses to preserve his brother’s name in Israel; he is unwilling to perform the duty of a brother-in-law to me!” 8 Then the elders of his city must summon him and speak to him. If he persists, saying, “I don’t want to marry her,” 9 then his sister-in-law must approach him in view of the elders, remove his sandal from his foot, and spit in his face.[q] She will then respond, “Thus may it be done to any man who does not maintain his brother’s family line!”[r] 10 His family name will be referred to[s] in Israel as “the family[t] of the one whose sandal was removed.”[u]
11 If two men[v] get into a hand-to-hand fight, and the wife of one of them gets involved to help her husband against his attacker, and she reaches out her hand and grabs his private parts,[w] 12 then you must cut off her hand—do not pity her.
13 You must not have in your bag different stone weights,[x] a heavy and a light one.[y] 14 You must not have in your house different measuring containers,[z] a large and a small one. 15 You must have an accurate and correct[aa] stone weight and an accurate and correct measuring container, so that your life may be extended in the land the Lord your God is about to give you. 16 For anyone who acts dishonestly in these ways is abhorrent[ab] to the Lord your God.
Treatment of the Amalekites
17 Remember what the Amalekites[ac] did to you on your way from Egypt, 18 how they met you along the way and cut off all your stragglers in the rear of the march when you were exhausted and tired; they were unafraid of God.[ad] 19 So when the Lord your God gives you relief from all the enemies who surround you in the land he[ae] is giving you as an inheritance,[af] you must wipe out the memory of the Amalekites from under heaven[ag]—do not forget![ah]
Footnotes
- Deuteronomy 25:1 tn Heb “men.”
- Deuteronomy 25:1 tn Heb “they”; the referent (the judges) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Deuteronomy 25:1 tn Heb “declare to be just”; KJV, NASB “justify the righteous”; NAB, NIV “acquitting the innocent.”
- Deuteronomy 25:1 tn Heb “declare to be evil”; NIV “condemning the guilty (+ party NAB).”
- Deuteronomy 25:2 tn Heb “and it will be.”
- Deuteronomy 25:2 tn Heb “if the evil one is a son of smiting.”
- Deuteronomy 25:2 tn Heb “according to his wickedness, by number.”
- Deuteronomy 25:3 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the judge) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Deuteronomy 25:3 tn Heb “Forty blows he may strike him”; however, since the judge is to witness the punishment (v. 2) it is unlikely the judge himself administered it.
- Deuteronomy 25:3 tn Heb “your brothers” but not limited only to an actual sibling; cf. NAB) “your kinsman”; NRSV, NLT “your neighbor.”
- Deuteronomy 25:4 tn Heb “an.” By implication this is one’s own animal.
- Deuteronomy 25:5 tn Heb “take her as wife”; NRSV “taking her in marriage.”
- Deuteronomy 25:5 sn This is the so-called “levirate” custom (from the Latin term levir, “brother-in-law”), an ancient provision whereby a man who died without male descendants to carry on his name could have a son by proxy, that is, through a surviving brother who would marry his widow and whose first son would then be attributed to the brother who had died. This is the only reference to this practice in an OT legal text but it is illustrated in the story of Judah and his sons (Gen 38) and possibly in the account of Ruth and Boaz (Ruth 2:8; 3:12; 4:6).
- Deuteronomy 25:6 tn Heb “and it will be that.”
- Deuteronomy 25:6 tn Heb “the firstborn.” This refers to the oldest male child.
- Deuteronomy 25:7 tn Heb “want to take his sister-in-law, then his sister in law.” In the second instance the pronoun (“she”) has been used in the translation to avoid redundancy.
- Deuteronomy 25:9 sn The removal of the sandal was likely symbolic of the relinquishment by the man of any claim to his dead brother’s estate since the sandal was associated with the soil or land (cf. Ruth 4:7-8). Spitting in the face was a sign of utmost disgust or disdain, an emotion the rejected widow would feel toward her uncooperative brother-in-law (cf. Num 12:14; Lev 15:8). See W. Bailey, NIDOTTE 2:544.
- Deuteronomy 25:9 tn Heb “build the house of his brother”; TEV “refuses to give his brother a descendant”; NLT “refuses to raise up a son for his brother.”
- Deuteronomy 25:10 tn Heb “called,” i.e., “known as.”
- Deuteronomy 25:10 tn Heb “house.”
- Deuteronomy 25:10 tn Cf. NIV, NCV “The Family of the Unsandaled.”
- Deuteronomy 25:11 tn Heb “a man and his brother.”
- Deuteronomy 25:11 tn Heb “shameful parts.” Besides the inherent indelicacy of what she has done, the woman has also threatened the progenitive capacity of the injured man. The level of specificity given this term in modern translations varies: “private parts” (NAB, NIV, CEV); “genitals” (NASB, NRSV, TEV); “sex organs” (NCV); “testicles” (NLT).
- Deuteronomy 25:13 tn Heb “a stone and a stone.” The repetition of the singular noun here expresses diversity, as the following phrase indicates. See IBHS 116 §7.2.3c.
- Deuteronomy 25:13 tn Heb “a large and a small,” but since the issue is the weight, “a heavy and a light one” conveys the idea better in English.
- Deuteronomy 25:14 tn Heb “an ephah and an ephah.” An ephah refers to a unit of dry measure roughly equivalent to five U.S. gallons (just under 20 liters). On the repetition of the term to indicate diversity, see IBHS 116 §7.2.3c.
- Deuteronomy 25:15 tn Or “just”; Heb “righteous.”
- Deuteronomy 25:16 tn The Hebrew term translated here “abhorrent” (תּוֹעֵבָה, toʿevah) speaks of attitudes and/or behaviors so vile as to be reprehensible to a holy God. See note on the word “abhorrent” in Deut 7:25.
- Deuteronomy 25:17 tn Heb “what Amalek” (so NAB, NRSV). Here the individual ancestor, the namesake of the tribe, is cited as representative of the entire tribe at the time Israel was entering Canaan. Consistent with this, singular pronouns are used in v. 18 and the singular name appears again in v. 19. Since readers unfamiliar with the tribe of Amalekites might think this refers to an individual, the term “Amalekites” and the corresponding plural pronouns have been used throughout these verses (cf. NIV, NCV, TEV, CEV, NLT).
- Deuteronomy 25:18 sn See Exod 17:8-16.
- Deuteronomy 25:19 tn Heb “ the Lord your God.” The pronoun has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons to avoid redundancy.
- Deuteronomy 25:19 tn The Hebrew text includes “to possess it.”
- Deuteronomy 25:19 tn Or “from beneath the sky.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heaven(s)” or “sky” depending on the context.
- Deuteronomy 25:19 sn This command is fulfilled in 1 Sam 15:1-33.
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