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О нераскрытых убийствах

21 Если в земле, которую Вечный, твой Бог, даёт тебе во владение, будет найден убитый, лежащий в поле, и останется неизвестным, кто его убил, то пусть выйдут старейшины и судьи и измерят расстояние до городов, которые находятся вокруг убитого. И пусть старейшины того города, который будет ближайшим к убитому, возьмут молодую корову, на которой ещё не работали, и которая не носила ярма. Затем отведут эту молодую корову в долину, которая не распахана и не засеяна, и где есть проточная вода. На этом месте пусть они свернут шею корове. Священнослужители, потомки Леви, которых Вечный, твой Бог, избрал для служения Себе и для благословения народа Его именем, должны решить все спорные вопросы и разбирать все дела о драках. Затем старейшины города, ближайшего к убитому, должны омыть руки над коровой, которой свернули шею в долине. И пусть старейшины скажут: «Наши руки не проливали эту кровь, и наши глаза ничего не видели. Очисти Свой народ Исраил, который Ты, о Вечный, искупил, и не вмени ему крови невиновного». Тогда они очистятся от этого кровопролития. Так ты смоешь с себя кровь невиновного, потому что поступаешь правильно в глазах Вечного.

Женитьба на пленнице

10 Когда ты выйдешь на войну против своих врагов, и Вечный, твой Бог, отдаст их в твои руки, ты возьмёшь их в плен. 11 И если ты увидишь среди пленных красивую женщину, полюбишь её и захочешь взять её в жёны, 12 то приведи её в свой дом. Пусть она обреет себе голову, обрежет ногти 13 и снимет с себя одежду пленницы.[a] После того как она проживет месяц в твоём доме, оплакивая отца и мать, ты можешь войти к ней и стать ей мужем, и она будет твоей женой. 14 Если потом ты её разлюбишь, то отпусти её, чтобы она могла уйти, куда захочет. Ты не должен продавать её или обращаться с ней как с рабыней, потому что ты обесчестил её.

Закон о первенце

15 Если у мужчины две жены – одна любимая, а другая нелюбимая, и у обеих есть от него сыновья, но первенец – сын нелюбимой жены, 16 то при дележе имущества между сыновьями, он не должен дать сыну любимой жены первенство перед первородным сыном нелюбимой жены. 17 Он должен признать сына нелюбимой жены как своего первенца и отдать ему двойную часть из всего того, что у него есть, ведь этот сын – первое проявление его мужской силы, и ему принадлежит право первородства.

О непокорном сыне

18 Если у кого-нибудь сын упрямый и непокорный, который не слушается ни отца, ни матери и не повинуется им, хотя они и наказывают его, 19 то пусть отец с матерью приведут его к старейшинам у ворот города[b]. 20 Они должны сказать старейшинам: «Наш сын упрям и непокорен, не слушает нас, только объедается и напивается». 21 Тогда пусть все жители города забьют его камнями до смерти. Поступив так, вы отведёте от себя зло, и весь исраильский народ услышит об этом и испугается.

Различные законы

22 Если человек, совершив преступление, достойное смерти, был казнён, и ты повесил его на дереве, 23 то не оставляй его тело на дереве на ночь: в тот же день похорони этого человека, потому что тот, кто повешен на дереве, проклят Всевышним. Не оскверняй землю, которую Вечный, твой Бог, даёт тебе в наследие.

Footnotes

  1. 21:12-13 Этот ритуал означал, что женщина прерывала связь со своим народом и становилась частью исраильского народа.
  2. 21:19 Ворота города были центром всей общественной жизни, около них проходили и судебные разбирательства.

Atonement for Unsolved Murders

21 “If in the land that the Lord your God is giving you to possess someone is found slain, lying in the open country, and it is not known who killed him, then your elders and your judges shall come out, and they shall measure the distance to the surrounding cities. And the elders of the city that is nearest to the slain man shall take a heifer (A)that has never been worked and that has not pulled in a yoke. And the elders of that city shall bring the heifer down to a valley with running water, which is neither plowed nor sown, and shall break the heifer's neck there in the valley. Then the priests, the sons of Levi, shall come forward, for the Lord your God has chosen (B)them to minister to him and to bless in the name of the Lord, and (C)by their word every dispute and every assault shall be settled. And all the elders of that city nearest to the slain man (D)shall wash their hands over the heifer whose neck was broken in the valley, and they shall testify, ‘Our hands did not shed this blood, nor did our eyes see it shed. Accept atonement, O Lord, for your people Israel, whom you have redeemed, and (E)do not set the guilt of innocent blood in the midst of your people Israel, so that their blood guilt be atoned for.’ So (F)you shall purge the guilt of innocent blood from your midst, when you do what is right in the sight of the Lord.

Marrying Female Captives

10 “When you go out to war against your enemies, and the Lord your God gives them into your hand and you take them captive, 11 and you see among the captives a beautiful woman, and you desire to take her to be your wife, 12 and you bring her home to your house, she shall shave her head and pare her nails. 13 And she shall take off the clothes in which she was captured and shall remain in your house and (G)lament her father and her mother a full month. After that you may go in to her and be her husband, and she shall be your wife. 14 But if you no longer delight in her, you shall (H)let her go where she wants. But you shall not sell her for money, nor shall you (I)treat her as a slave, since you have humiliated her.

Inheritance Rights of the Firstborn

15 “If a man has two wives, (J)the one loved and the other unloved, and both the loved and the unloved have borne him children, and if the firstborn son belongs to the unloved,[a] 16 then on the day when (K)he assigns his possessions as an inheritance to his sons, he may not treat the son of the loved as the firstborn in preference to the son of the unloved, who is the firstborn, 17 but he shall acknowledge the firstborn, the son of the unloved, by giving him a double portion of all that he has, for he is (L)the firstfruits of his strength. (M)The right of the firstborn is his.

A Rebellious Son

18 “If a man has a stubborn and rebellious son who will not obey the voice of his father or the voice of his mother, and, though they discipline him, will not listen to them, 19 then his father and his mother shall take hold of him and bring him out to the elders of his city at the gate of the place where he lives, 20 and they shall say to the elders of his city, ‘This our son is stubborn and rebellious; he will not obey our voice; he is a glutton and a drunkard.’ 21 (N)Then all the men of the city shall stone him to death with stones. (O)So you shall purge the evil from your midst, (P)and all Israel shall hear, and fear.

A Man Hanged on a Tree Is Cursed

22 “And if a man has committed a crime punishable by death and he is put to death, and you hang him on a tree, 23 (Q)his body shall not remain all night on the tree, but you shall bury him the same day, for (R)a hanged man is cursed by God. (S)You shall not defile your land that the Lord your God is giving you for an inheritance.

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 21:15 Or hated; also verses 16, 17

Atonement for an Unsolved Murder

21 If someone is found slain, lying in a field in the land the Lord your God is giving you to possess, and it is not known who the killer was,(A) your elders and judges shall go out and measure the distance from the body to the neighboring towns. Then the elders of the town nearest the body shall take a heifer that has never been worked and has never worn a yoke(B) and lead it down to a valley that has not been plowed or planted and where there is a flowing stream. There in the valley they are to break the heifer’s neck. The Levitical priests shall step forward, for the Lord your God has chosen them to minister and to pronounce blessings(C) in the name of the Lord and to decide all cases of dispute and assault.(D) Then all the elders of the town nearest the body shall wash their hands(E) over the heifer whose neck was broken in the valley, and they shall declare: “Our hands did not shed this blood, nor did our eyes see it done. Accept this atonement for your people Israel, whom you have redeemed, Lord, and do not hold your people guilty of the blood of an innocent person.” Then the bloodshed will be atoned for,(F) and you will have purged(G) from yourselves the guilt of shedding innocent blood, since you have done what is right in the eyes of the Lord.

Marrying a Captive Woman

10 When you go to war against your enemies and the Lord your God delivers them into your hands(H) and you take captives,(I) 11 if you notice among the captives a beautiful(J) woman and are attracted to her,(K) you may take her as your wife. 12 Bring her into your home and have her shave her head,(L) trim her nails 13 and put aside the clothes she was wearing when captured. After she has lived in your house and mourned her father and mother for a full month,(M) then you may go to her and be her husband and she shall be your wife. 14 If you are not pleased with her, let her go wherever she wishes. You must not sell her or treat her as a slave, since you have dishonored her.(N)

The Right of the Firstborn

15 If a man has two wives,(O) and he loves one but not the other, and both bear him sons but the firstborn is the son of the wife he does not love,(P) 16 when he wills his property to his sons, he must not give the rights of the firstborn to the son of the wife he loves in preference to his actual firstborn, the son of the wife he does not love.(Q) 17 He must acknowledge the son of his unloved wife as the firstborn by giving him a double(R) share of all he has. That son is the first sign of his father’s strength.(S) The right of the firstborn belongs to him.(T)

A Rebellious Son

18 If someone has a stubborn and rebellious(U) son(V) who does not obey his father and mother(W) and will not listen to them when they discipline him, 19 his father and mother shall take hold of him and bring him to the elders at the gate of his town. 20 They shall say to the elders, “This son of ours is stubborn and rebellious. He will not obey us. He is a glutton and a drunkard.” 21 Then all the men of his town are to stone him to death.(X) You must purge the evil(Y) from among you. All Israel will hear of it and be afraid.(Z)

Various Laws

22 If someone guilty of a capital offense(AA) is put to death and their body is exposed on a pole, 23 you must not leave the body hanging on the pole overnight.(AB) Be sure to bury(AC) it that same day, because anyone who is hung on a pole is under God’s curse.(AD) You must not desecrate(AE) the land the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance.