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未结案的谋杀案件

21 “在耶和华—你 神所赐你为业的地上,若发现有人被杀,暴尸野地,不知道是谁杀的, 长老和审判官[a]就要出去,从尸体那里量起,量到四围的城镇, 看哪一座城最靠近这尸体,那城的几位长老就要取一头未曾耕地、未曾负轭的母牛犊; 那城的长老要把这母牛犊牵到流着溪水、未曾耕耘、未曾撒种的山谷去,在谷中打断它的颈项。 利未人祭司要近前来,因为耶和华—你的 神拣选他们来事奉他,奉耶和华的名祝福,并且有任何的争讼和殴打,都由他们的口判决。 离尸体最近的那座城的每位长老要在山谷中,在颈项被打断的母牛犊上面洗手, 声明说:‘我们的手未曾流这人的血;我们的眼也未曾看见这事。 耶和华啊,求你赦免你所救赎的百姓以色列,不要让无辜的血归在你的百姓以色列中间。’这样,他们流血的罪就必得赦免。 你行了耶和华眼中看为正的事,就可以从你中间除掉无辜的血。”

娶女俘虏的条例

10 “你出去与仇敌作战的时候,耶和华—你的 神将他交在你手中,你就掳了他为俘虏。 11 若你在被掳的人中看见美丽的女子,喜欢她,要娶她为妻, 12 就可以带她到你家去。她要剪头发,修指甲, 13 脱去被掳时所穿的衣服,住在你家里为自己父母哀哭一个月。然后,你就可以与她同房;你作她的丈夫,她作你的妻子。 14 以后你若不喜欢她,就要让她自由离开,绝不可为钱把她卖了,也不可把她当奴隶看待,因为你已经占有过她。”

长子的继承权

15 “人若有两个妻子,一个是他宠爱的,另一个是失宠的[b],她们都给他生了儿子,但长子是他失宠妻子生的; 16 到了分产业给儿子的时候,不可将自己宠爱的妻子所生的儿子立为长子,在他失宠妻子所生的长子之上。 17 他必须认失宠妻子所生的儿子为长子,在所有的产业中给他双分,因为这儿子是他壮年时生的,长子的名分应当是他的。”

逆子的处置

18 “人若有顽梗忤逆的儿子,不听从父母的话,他们虽然惩戒他,他还是不听从他们, 19 父母就要抓住他,带他出去到当地的城门,本城的长老那里, 20 对本城的长老说:‘我们这个儿子顽梗忤逆,不听从我们的话,是贪食好酒的人。’ 21 然后,城里的众人就要用石头将他打死。这样,你就把恶从你中间除掉,全以色列听见了都要害怕。”

其他条例

22 “人若犯了死罪被处死,你把他挂在木头上, 23 不可让尸体留在木头上过夜,一定要当日把他埋葬,因为被挂的人是 神所诅咒的。你不可玷污耶和华—你 神所赐你为业的地。”

Footnotes

  1. 21.2 “审判官”:撒玛利亚五经是“官长”。
  2. 21.15 “失宠的”:原文是“被恨的”;下同。

21 “If one is found killed in the land which the LORD your God gives you to possess, lying in the field (it is not known who has killed him),

“then your elders and your judges shall come forth and measure to the cities that are around him who is killed.

“And let the elders of that city which is next to the killed man take a heifer that has not been put to labor or drawn the yoke.

“And let the elders of that city bring the heifer to a stony valley, which is neither plowed nor sown, and break the heifer’s neck there in the valley.

“Also the priests, the sons of Levi (whom the LORD your God has chosen to minister, and to bless in the Name of the LORD) shall come forth. And by their word shall all strife and plague be settled.

“And all the elders of that city that came near the killed man shall wash their hands over the heifer whose neck was broken in the valley.

“And they shall testify, and say, ‘Our hands have not shed this blood, nor have our eyes seen it.

‘O LORD, be merciful to Your people Israel, whom You have redeemed. And lay no innocent blood to the charge of Your people Israel.’ And the blood shall be forgiven them.

“So shall you take away the cry of innocent blood from you when you shall do that which is right in the sight of the LORD.

10 “When you shall go to war against your enemies, and the LORD your God shall deliver them into your hands, and you shall take them captives,

11 “and shall see among the captives a beautiful woman, and have a desire for her, and would take her for your wife,

12 “then you shall bring her home to your house. And she shall shave her head and trim her nails.

13 “And she shall change the garment that she was taken in. And she shall remain in your house and mourn her father and her mother for a month. And after that, you shall go in to her, and marry her. And she shall be your wife.

14 “And if you do not favor her, then you may let her go where she will. But you shall not sell her for money or make merchandise of her, because you have humbled her.

15 “If a man has two wives—one loved and another hated—and they have born him children (both the loved and also the hated), if the firstborn is the son of the hated,

16 “then, when the time comes that he appoints his sons to be heirs of that which he has, he may not make the son of the beloved firstborn before the son of the hated, who is the firstborn.

17 “But he shall acknowledge the son of the hated as the firstborn and give him double portion from all that he has. For he is the first of his strength, and to him belongs the right of firstborn.

18 “If any man has a son that is stubborn and disobedient, who will not obey the voice of his father or the voice of his mother. And they have chastened him. And he would not obey them.

19 “Then his father and his mother shall take him and bring him out to the elders of his city, and to the gate of the place where he dwells,

20 “and shall say to the elders of his city, ‘This son of ours is stubborn and disobedient. He will not obey our admonition. He is a rioter and a drunkard.’

21 “Then all the men of his city shall stone him with stones until death. So you shall take away evil from among you, so that all Israel may hear it and fear.

22 “If a man also has committed a trespass worthy of death, and is put to death, and you hang him on a tree,

23 “his body shall not remain upon the tree all night. But you shall bury him the same day. For the curse of God is on him who is hanged. Therefore, do not defile your land which the LORD your God gives you to inherit.”

Atonement for an Unsolved Murder

21 If someone is found slain, lying in a field in the land the Lord your God is giving you to possess, and it is not known who the killer was,(A) your elders and judges shall go out and measure the distance from the body to the neighboring towns. Then the elders of the town nearest the body shall take a heifer that has never been worked and has never worn a yoke(B) and lead it down to a valley that has not been plowed or planted and where there is a flowing stream. There in the valley they are to break the heifer’s neck. The Levitical priests shall step forward, for the Lord your God has chosen them to minister and to pronounce blessings(C) in the name of the Lord and to decide all cases of dispute and assault.(D) Then all the elders of the town nearest the body shall wash their hands(E) over the heifer whose neck was broken in the valley, and they shall declare: “Our hands did not shed this blood, nor did our eyes see it done. Accept this atonement for your people Israel, whom you have redeemed, Lord, and do not hold your people guilty of the blood of an innocent person.” Then the bloodshed will be atoned for,(F) and you will have purged(G) from yourselves the guilt of shedding innocent blood, since you have done what is right in the eyes of the Lord.

Marrying a Captive Woman

10 When you go to war against your enemies and the Lord your God delivers them into your hands(H) and you take captives,(I) 11 if you notice among the captives a beautiful(J) woman and are attracted to her,(K) you may take her as your wife. 12 Bring her into your home and have her shave her head,(L) trim her nails 13 and put aside the clothes she was wearing when captured. After she has lived in your house and mourned her father and mother for a full month,(M) then you may go to her and be her husband and she shall be your wife. 14 If you are not pleased with her, let her go wherever she wishes. You must not sell her or treat her as a slave, since you have dishonored her.(N)

The Right of the Firstborn

15 If a man has two wives,(O) and he loves one but not the other, and both bear him sons but the firstborn is the son of the wife he does not love,(P) 16 when he wills his property to his sons, he must not give the rights of the firstborn to the son of the wife he loves in preference to his actual firstborn, the son of the wife he does not love.(Q) 17 He must acknowledge the son of his unloved wife as the firstborn by giving him a double(R) share of all he has. That son is the first sign of his father’s strength.(S) The right of the firstborn belongs to him.(T)

A Rebellious Son

18 If someone has a stubborn and rebellious(U) son(V) who does not obey his father and mother(W) and will not listen to them when they discipline him, 19 his father and mother shall take hold of him and bring him to the elders at the gate of his town. 20 They shall say to the elders, “This son of ours is stubborn and rebellious. He will not obey us. He is a glutton and a drunkard.” 21 Then all the men of his town are to stone him to death.(X) You must purge the evil(Y) from among you. All Israel will hear of it and be afraid.(Z)

Various Laws

22 If someone guilty of a capital offense(AA) is put to death and their body is exposed on a pole, 23 you must not leave the body hanging on the pole overnight.(AB) Be sure to bury(AC) it that same day, because anyone who is hung on a pole is under God’s curse.(AD) You must not desecrate(AE) the land the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance.

The Law Concerning Unsolved Murder

21 “If anyone is found slain, lying in the field in the land which the Lord your God is giving you to possess, and it is not known who killed him, then your elders and your judges shall go out and measure the distance from the slain man to the surrounding cities. And it shall be that the elders of the city nearest to the slain man will take a heifer which has not been worked and which has not pulled with a (A)yoke. The elders of that city shall bring the heifer down to a valley with flowing water, which is neither plowed nor sown, and they shall break the heifer’s neck there in the valley. Then the priests, the sons of Levi, shall come near, for (B)the Lord your God has chosen them to minister to Him and to bless in the name of the Lord; (C)by their word every controversy and every [a]assault shall be settled. And all the elders of that city nearest to the slain man (D)shall wash their hands over the heifer whose neck was broken in the valley. Then they shall answer and say, ‘Our hands have not shed this blood, nor have our eyes seen it. Provide atonement, O Lord, for Your people Israel, whom You have redeemed, (E)and do not lay innocent blood to the charge of Your people Israel.’ And atonement shall be provided on their behalf for the blood. So (F)you shall put away the guilt of innocent blood from among you when you do what is right in the sight of the Lord.

Female Captives

10 “When you go out to war against your enemies, and the Lord your God delivers them into your hand, and you take them captive, 11 and you see among the captives a beautiful woman, and desire her and would take her for your (G)wife, 12 then you shall bring her home to your house, and she shall (H)shave her head and trim her nails. 13 She shall put off the clothes of her captivity, remain in your house, and (I)mourn her father and her mother a full month; after that you may go in to her and be her husband, and she shall be your wife. 14 And it shall be, if you have no delight in her, then you shall set her free, but you certainly shall not sell her for money; you shall not treat her brutally, because you have (J)humbled her.

Firstborn Inheritance Rights

15 “If a man has two wives, one loved (K)and the other unloved, and they have borne him children, both the loved and the unloved, and if the firstborn son is of her who is unloved, 16 then it shall be, (L)on the day he bequeaths his possessions to his sons, that he must not bestow firstborn status on the son of the loved wife in preference to the son of the unloved, the true firstborn. 17 But he shall acknowledge the son of the unloved wife as the firstborn (M)by giving him a double portion of all that he has, for he (N)is the beginning of his strength; (O)the right of the firstborn is his.

The Rebellious Son

18 “If a man has a stubborn and rebellious son who will not obey the voice of his father or the voice of his mother, and who, when they have chastened him, will not heed them, 19 then his father and his mother shall take hold of him and bring him out to the elders of his city, to the gate of his city. 20 And they shall say to the elders of his city, ‘This son of ours is stubborn and rebellious; he will not obey our voice; he is a glutton and a drunkard.’ 21 Then all the men of his city shall stone him to death with stones; (P)so you shall put away the evil from among you, (Q)and all Israel shall hear and fear.

Miscellaneous Laws

22 “If a man has committed a sin (R)deserving of death, and he is put to death, and you hang him on a tree, 23 (S)his body shall not remain overnight on the tree, but you shall surely bury him that day, so that (T)you do not defile the land which the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance; for (U)he who is hanged is accursed of God.

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 21:5 Lit. stroke