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战争的条例

20 “你出去和你的仇敌作战的时候,看见马匹、车辆和比你多的人群,你不要怕他们,因为那把你们从埃及地领上来的耶和华你的 神,与你同在。 你们快要上战场的时候,祭司要上前来,对人民说话, 对他们说:‘以色列人哪,你们要听,你们今日快要和仇敌作战,你们不要胆怯,不要惧怕,不要惊慌,不要因他们的缘故战兢; 因为耶和华你们的 神和你们同去,要为你们攻打你们的仇敌,要拯救你们。’ 官长也要对人民宣告:‘谁建造了新房屋,还没有行过奉献礼的,他可以回家去,恐怕他死在战场上,别人去为他的房屋行奉献礼。 谁栽种了葡萄园,还没有享用过它的果子的,他可以回家去,恐怕他死在战场上,别人去享用它的果子。 谁与女子订了婚,还没有迎娶的,他可以回家去,恐怕他死在战场上,别人去娶了她。’ 官长又要对人民宣告:‘谁是惧怕、胆怯的,他可以回家去,恐怕他使他兄弟的心融化,像他的心一样。’ 官长对人民讲完了话,就要指派军官统率他们。

攻城的策略

10 “你临近一座城,要攻打那城的时候,要先向那城提和议。 11 如果那城以和平的话回答你,给你开门,城里所有的人都要给你作苦工,服事你。 12 如果那城不肯与你言和,却要与你作战,你就要围困那城。 13 耶和华你的 神把城交在你手里的时候,你要用利刃杀尽城里所有的男丁。 14 只有妇人、小孩子、牲畜和城里所有的一切,就是一切战利品,你都可以据为己有,你的仇敌的战利品,你都可以吃用,因为这是耶和华你的 神赐给你的。 15 离开你很远的各城,不是属于这些国民的城,你都要这样对待他们。 16 只是在耶和华你的 神赐给你作产业的这些国民的城市里,凡有气息的,连一个你也不可让他活着; 17 只要照着耶和华你的 神吩咐你的,把赫人、亚摩利人、迦南人、比利洗人、希未人、耶布斯人,完全灭绝; 18 免得他们教导你们学习一切可憎的事,就是他们对自己的神所行的事,以致你们得罪耶和华你们的 神。

19 “如果你围困一座城,很久才能攻取占领它,你就不可挥斧破坏那里的树木;因为你可以吃树上的果子,却不可以砍伐树木。难道田间的树木是人,可以被你围困的吗? 20 只有你知道不结果子的树木,你才可以毁坏砍伐,用来建造围城的设备,攻击那与你作战的城,直到把它攻下为止。”

20 If thou go out to war against thy enemies, and see horsemen and chariots, and the numbers of the enemy's army greater than thine, thou shalt not fear them: because the Lord thy God is with thee, who brought thee out of the land of Egypt.

And when the battle is now at hand, the priest shall stand before the army, and shall speak to the people in this manner:

Hear, O Israel, you join battle this day against your enemies, let not your heart be dismayed, be not afraid, do not give back, fear ye them not:

Because the Lord your God is in the midst of you, and will fight for you against your enemies, to deliver you from danger.

And the captains shall proclaim through every band in the hearing of the army: What man is there, that hath built a new house, and hath not dedicated it? let him go and return to his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man dedicate it.

What man is there, that hath planted a vineyard, and hath not as yet made it to be common, whereof all men may eat? let him go, and return to his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man execute his office.

What man is there, that hath espoused a wife, and not taken her? let him go, and return to his house, lest he die in the war, and another man take her.

After these things are declared they shall add the rest, and shall speak to the people: What man is there that is fearful, and faint hearted? let him go, and return to his house, lest he make the hearts of his brethren to fear, as he himself is possessed with fear.

And when the captains of the army shall hold their peace, and have made an end of speaking, every man shall prepare their bands to fight.

10 If at any time thou come to fight against a city, thou shalt first offer it peace.

11 If they receive it, and open the gates to thee, all the people that are therein, shall be saved, and shall serve thee paying tribute.

12 But if they will not make peace, and shall begin war against thee, thou shalt besiege it.

13 And when the Lord thy God shall deliver it into thy bands, thou shalt slay all that are therein of the male sex, with the edge of the sword,

14 Excepting women and children, cattle and other things, that are in the city. And thou shalt divide all the prey to the army, and thou shalt eat the spoils of thy enemies, which the Lord thy God shall give thee.

15 So shalt thou do to all cities that are at a great distance from thee, and are not of these cities which thou shalt receive in possession.

16 But of those cities that shall be given thee, thou shalt suffer none at all to live:

17 But shalt kill them with the edge of the sword, to wit, the Hethite, and the Amorrhite, and the Chanaanite, the Pherezite, and the Hevite, and the Jebusite, as the Lord thy God hath commanded thee:

18 Lest they teach you to do all the abominations which they have done to their gods: and you should sin against the Lord your God.

19 When thou hast besieged a city a long time, and hath compassed it with bulwarks to take it, thou shalt not cut down the trees that may be eaten of, neither shalt thou spoil the country round about with axes: for it is a tree, and not a man, neither can it increase the number of them that fight against thee.

20 But if there be any trees that are not fruitful, but wild, and fit for other uses, cut them down, and make engines, until thou take the city, which fighteth against thee.

Going to War

20 When you go to war against your enemies and see horses and chariots and an army greater than yours,(A) do not be afraid(B) of them,(C) because the Lord your God, who brought you up out of Egypt, will be with(D) you. When you are about to go into battle, the priest shall come forward and address the army. He shall say: “Hear, Israel: Today you are going into battle against your enemies. Do not be fainthearted(E) or afraid; do not panic or be terrified by them. For the Lord your God is the one who goes with you(F) to fight(G) for you against your enemies to give you victory.(H)

The officers shall say to the army: “Has anyone built a new house and not yet begun to live in(I) it? Let him go home, or he may die in battle and someone else may begin to live in it. Has anyone planted(J) a vineyard and not begun to enjoy it?(K) Let him go home, or he may die in battle and someone else enjoy it. Has anyone become pledged to a woman and not married her? Let him go home, or he may die in battle and someone else marry her.(L) Then the officers shall add, “Is anyone afraid or fainthearted? Let him go home so that his fellow soldiers will not become disheartened too.”(M) When the officers have finished speaking to the army, they shall appoint commanders over it.

10 When you march up to attack a city, make its people an offer of peace.(N) 11 If they accept and open their gates, all the people in it shall be subject(O) to forced labor(P) and shall work for you. 12 If they refuse to make peace and they engage you in battle, lay siege to that city. 13 When the Lord your God delivers it into your hand, put to the sword all the men in it.(Q) 14 As for the women, the children, the livestock(R) and everything else in the city,(S) you may take these as plunder(T) for yourselves. And you may use the plunder the Lord your God gives you from your enemies. 15 This is how you are to treat all the cities that are at a distance(U) from you and do not belong to the nations nearby.

16 However, in the cities of the nations the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance, do not leave alive anything that breathes.(V) 17 Completely destroy[a] them—the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites—as the Lord your God has commanded you. 18 Otherwise, they will teach you to follow all the detestable things they do in worshiping their gods,(W) and you will sin(X) against the Lord your God.

19 When you lay siege to a city for a long time, fighting against it to capture it, do not destroy its trees by putting an ax to them, because you can eat their fruit. Do not cut them down. Are the trees people, that you should besiege them?[b] 20 However, you may cut down trees that you know are not fruit trees(Y) and use them to build siege works until the city at war with you falls.

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 20:17 The Hebrew term refers to the irrevocable giving over of things or persons to the Lord, often by totally destroying them.
  2. Deuteronomy 20:19 Or down to use in the siege, for the fruit trees are for the benefit of people.