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申命记 14
Chinese Contemporary Bible (Simplified)

做圣洁的子民

14 “你们是你们上帝耶和华的儿女，不可为死人割伤自己或剃光前额。 2 因为你们是属于你们的上帝耶和华的圣洁子民，祂从天下万族中拣选你们作祂宝贵的产业。

3 “你们不可吃任何可憎之物。 4 但你们可以吃牛、绵羊、山羊、 5 鹿、瞪羚、野山羊、野绵羊和羚羊。 6 凡蹄子分瓣且反刍的动物，你们都可以吃。 7 在那些只是反刍或只是蹄子分瓣的动物中，你们不可吃骆驼、野兔和獾，因为它们反刍但蹄子不分瓣，是不洁净的。 8 你们也不可吃猪，因为猪虽蹄子分瓣但不反刍，是不洁净的。你们不可吃这些动物的肉，也不可摸它们的尸体。

9 “水族中，凡有鳞和鳍的，你们都可以吃。 10 凡无鳞和鳍的都不洁净，你们不可吃。

11 “你们可以吃洁净的鸟类。 12 不可吃的鸟类有雕、胡兀鹫、黑秃鹫、 13 鸢、隼类、 14 乌鸦类、 15 驼鸟、夜鹰、海鸥、鹰类、 16 小鸮、大鸮、仓鸮、 17 鹈鹕、鱼鹰、鸬鹚、 18 鹳、鹭鸟类、戴胜和蝙蝠。

19 “凡有翅膀、会爬的昆虫都不洁净，你们不可吃。 20 凡有翅膀的洁净之物，你们都可以吃。

21 “你们不可吃死掉的动物，但可以送给或卖给住在你们城里的外族人吃。因为你们属于你们的上帝耶和华，是圣洁的民族。你们不可用母山羊的奶煮它的羊羔。

十一奉献

22 “你们每年要献出收成的十分之一； 23 要在你们的上帝耶和华选定的敬拜场所，在祂面前吃所献的十分之一的谷物、新酒、油以及头生的牛羊。这是为了让你们学习一生敬畏你们的上帝耶和华。 24 如果你们的上帝耶和华赐福你们，使你们丰收，而你们住的地方离祂选定的敬拜场所太远，以致不能把收成的十分之一送去， 25 就可以把那些收成换成银钱带去。 26 在那里，你们可以随意买牛、羊、淡酒或烈酒，然后一家人在你们的上帝耶和华面前吃喝快乐。 27 不可忘记住在你们城里的利未人，因为利未人没有分到土地作产业。

28 “每逢第三年末，你们要把那年所有出产的十分之一拿出来，存放在你们的城里， 29 让你们城中没有土地的利未人、寄居者和孤儿寡妇都可以来吃饱。这样，你们的上帝耶和华必使你们凡事蒙福。

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Deuteronomy 14
New English Translation

The Holy and the Profane

14 You are children[a] of the Lord your God. Do not cut yourselves or shave your forehead bald[b] for the sake of the dead. 2 For you are a people holy[c] to the Lord your God. He[d] has chosen you to be his people, prized[e] above all others on the face of the earth.

3 You must not eat any forbidden thing.[f] 4 These are the animals you may eat: the ox, the sheep, the goat, 5 the ibex,[g] the gazelle,[h] the deer,[i] the wild goat, the antelope,[j] the wild oryx,[k] and the mountain sheep.[l] 6 You may eat any animal that has hooves divided into two parts and that chews the cud.[m] 7 However, you may not eat the following animals among those that chew the cud or those that have divided hooves: the camel, the hare, and the rock badger.[n] (Although they chew the cud, they do not have divided hooves and are therefore ritually impure to you.) 8 Also, the pig is ritually impure to you; though it has divided hooves,[o] it does not chew the cud. You may not eat their meat or even touch their remains.

9 These you may eat from among water creatures: anything with fins and scales you may eat, 10 but whatever does not have fins and scales you may not eat; it is ritually impure to you.

11 All ritually clean birds[p] you may eat. 12 These are the ones you may not eat: the eagle,[q] the vulture,[r] the black vulture,[s] 13 the kite, the black kite, the dayyah[t] after its species, 14 every raven after its species, 15 the ostrich,[u] the owl,[v] the seagull, the falcon[w] after its species, 16 the little owl, the long-eared owl, the white owl,[x] 17 the jackdaw,[y] the carrion vulture, the cormorant, 18 the stork, the heron after its species, the hoopoe, and the bat.

19 And any swarming winged thing[z] is impure[aa] to you—they may not be eaten.[ab] 20 You may eat any winged creature that is clean. 21 You may not eat any corpse, though you may give it to the resident foreigner who is living in your villages[ac] and he may eat it, or you may sell it to a foreigner. You are a people holy to the Lord your God. Do not boil a young goat in its mother’s milk.[ad]

The Offering of Tithes

22 You must be certain to tithe[ae] all the produce of your seed that comes from the field year after year. 23 In the presence of the Lord your God, in the place he chooses to locate his name, you must eat from the tithe of your grain, your new wine,[af] your olive oil, and the firstborn of your herds and flocks, so that you may learn to revere the Lord your God always. 24 When he[ag] blesses you, if the[ah] place where he chooses to locate his name is distant, 25 you may convert the tithe into money, secure the money,[ai] and travel to the place the Lord your God chooses for himself. 26 Then you may spend the money however you wish for cattle, sheep, wine, beer, or whatever you desire. You and your household may eat there in the presence of the Lord your God and enjoy it. 27 As for the Levites in your villages, you must not ignore them, for they have no allotment or inheritance along with you. 28 At the end of every three years you must bring all the tithe of your produce, in that very year, and you must store it up in your villages. 29 Then the Levites (because they have no allotment or inheritance with you), the resident foreigners, the orphans, and the widows of your villages may come and eat their fill so that the Lord your God may bless you in all the work you do.

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 14:1 tn Heb “sons” (so NASB); TEV, NLT “people.”
  2. Deuteronomy 14:1 sn Do not cut yourselves or shave your forehead bald. These were pagan practices associated with mourning the dead; they were not to be imitated by God’s people (though they frequently were; cf. 1 Kgs 18:28; Jer 16:6; 41:5; 47:5; Hos 7:14 [LXX]; Mic 5:1). For other warnings against such practices see Lev 21:5; Jer 16:5.
  3. Deuteronomy 14:2 tn Or “set apart.”
  4. Deuteronomy 14:2 tn Heb “The Lord.” The pronoun has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons to avoid redundancy.
  5. Deuteronomy 14:2 tn Or “treasured.” The Hebrew term סְגֻלָּה (segullah) describes Israel as God’s choice people, those whom he elected and who are most precious to him (cf. Exod 19:4-6; Deut 14:2; 26:18; 1 Chr 29:3; Ps 135:4; Eccl 2:8 Mal 3:17). See E. Carpenter, NIDOTTE 3:224.sn The Hebrew term translated “select” (and the whole verse) is reminiscent of the classic covenant text (Exod 19:4-6) which describes Israel’s entry into covenant relationship with the Lord. Israel must resist paganism and its trappings precisely because she is a holy people elected by the Lord from among the nations to be his instrument of world redemption (cf. Deut 7:6; 26:18; Ps 135:4; Mal 3:17; Titus 2:14; 1 Pet 2:9).
  6. Deuteronomy 14:3 tn The Hebrew word תּוֹעֵבָה (toʿevah, “forbidden; abhorrent”) describes anything detestable to the Lord because of its innate evil or inconsistency with his own nature and character. See note on the word “abhorrent” in Deut 7:25. Cf. KJV “abominable”; NIV “detestable”; NRSV “abhorrent.”sn This verse acts as a header for several short lists that describe what may and may not be eaten: land animals (vv. 4-8), water creatures (vv. 9-10), birds and bats (vv. 11-18), other winged creatures (vv. 19-20). Each set refers to clean and unclean animals.
  7. Deuteronomy 14:5 tn The Hebrew term אַיָּל (ʾayyal) may refer to a type of deer (cf. Arabic ʾayyal). Cf. NAB “the red deer.”
  8. Deuteronomy 14:5 tn The Hebrew term צְבִי (tsevi) is sometimes rendered “roebuck” (so KJV).
  9. Deuteronomy 14:5 tn The Hebrew term יַחְמוּר (yakhmur) may refer to a “fallow deer”; cf. Arabic yahmur (“deer”). Cf. NAB, NIV, NCV “roe deer”; NEB, NRSV, NLT “roebuck.”
  10. Deuteronomy 14:5 tn The Hebrew term דִּישֹׁן (dishon) is a hapax legomenon. Its referent is uncertain but the animal is likely a variety of antelope (cf. NEB “white-rumped deer”; NIV, NRSV, NLT “ibex”).
  11. Deuteronomy 14:5 tn The Hebrew term תְּאוֹ (teʾo; a variant is תּוֹא, toʾ) could also refer to another species of antelope. Cf. NEB “long-horned antelope”; NIV, NRSV “antelope.”
  12. Deuteronomy 14:5 tn The Hebrew term זֶמֶר (zemer) is another hapax legomenon with the possible meaning “wild sheep.” Cf. KJV, ASV “chamois”; NEB “rock-goat”; NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT “mountain sheep.”
  13. Deuteronomy 14:6 tn The Hebrew text includes “among the animals.” This has not been included in the translation for stylistic reasons.
  14. Deuteronomy 14:7 tn The Hebrew term שָׁפָן (shafan) may refer to the “coney” (cf. KJV, NIV) or hyrax (“rock badger,” cf. NAB, NASB, NRSV, NLT).
  15. Deuteronomy 14:8 tc The MT lacks (probably by haplography) the phrase וְשֹׁסַע שֶׁסַע פַּרְסָה (veshosaʿ shesaʿ parsah, “and is clovenfooted,” i.e., “has parted hooves”), a phrase found in the otherwise exact parallel in Lev 11:7. The LXX and Smr attest the longer reading here. The meaning is, however, clear without it.
  16. Deuteronomy 14:11 tn According to HALOT the Hebrew term צִפּוֹר (tsippor) can to a “bird” or “winged creature” (HALOT 1047 s.v.). In this list it appears to include bats, while insects are put in their own list next. Hebrew terminology seems to have focused on the mode of movement or environment rather than our modern zoological taxonomies.
  17. Deuteronomy 14:12 tn NEB “the griffon-vulture.”
  18. Deuteronomy 14:12 tn The Hebrew term פֶּרֶס (peres) describes a large vulture otherwise known as the ossifrage (cf. KJV). This largest of the vultures takes its name from its habit of dropping skeletal remains from a great height so as to break the bones apart.
  19. Deuteronomy 14:12 tn The Hebrew term עָזְנִיָּה (ʿozniyyah) may describe the black vulture (so NIV) or it may refer to the osprey (so NAB, NRSV, NLT), an eagle-like bird subsisting mainly on fish.
  20. Deuteronomy 14:13 tn The Hebrew term is דַּיָּה (dayyah). This, with the previous two terms (רָאָה [raʾah] and אַיָּה [ʾayyah]), is probably a kite of some species but otherwise impossible to specify.
  21. Deuteronomy 14:15 tn Or “owl.” The Hebrew term בַּת הַיַּעֲנָה (bat hayyaʿanah) is sometimes taken as “ostrich” (so ASV, NAB, NASB, NRSV, NLT), but may refer instead to some species of owl (cf. KJV “owl”; NEB “desert-owl”; NIV “horned owl”).
  22. Deuteronomy 14:15 tn The Hebrew term תַּחְמָס (takhmas) is either a type of owl (cf. NEB “short-eared owl”; NIV “screech owl”) or possibly the nighthawk (so NRSV, NLT).
  23. Deuteronomy 14:15 tn The Hebrew term נֵץ (nets) may refer to the falcon or perhaps the hawk (so NEB, NIV).
  24. Deuteronomy 14:16 tn The Hebrew term תִּנְשֶׁמֶת (tinshemet) may refer to a species of owl (cf. ASV “horned owl”; NASB, NIV, NLT “white owl”) or perhaps even to the swan (so KJV); cf. NRSV “water hen.”
  25. Deuteronomy 14:17 tn The Hebrew term קָאַת (qaʾat) may also refer to a type of owl (NAB, NIV, NRSV “desert owl”) or perhaps the pelican (so KJV, NASB, NLT).
  26. Deuteronomy 14:19 tn The term עוֹף (ʿof) refers to winged creatures more broadly than “birds” and is repeated in v. 20. Here “swarming winged things” (שֶׁרֶץ הָעוֹף, sherets haʿof) most likely refers to “insects.”sn It is debatable whether vv. 11-20 form one list (e.g. NASB) or two (e.g. NIV) as it is taken here. Verses 11 and 20 each say “you may eat any clean X” and refer to flying creatures. The terms עוֹף (ʿof) and צִפּוֹר (tsippor, see v. 11) can both refer to birds, but are not limited to birds. Verse 12 begins and v. 19 ends with a clause saying what may not be eaten, while specific animals or classes of animals are listed in between. This has the appearance of a chiastic structure for one list. On the other hand, the lists of land animals and fish are simply divided into what one may eat and may not eat, suggesting that vv. 11-18 and 19-20 (each including both kinds of statements) are separate lists. Also an issue, the phrase in v. 19 “it is unclean” might refer back to v.12 and the singular זֶה (zeh, “this,” but translated “these in most English versions for stylistic reasons). This would help tie 12-19 together as one list, but the closer referent is “any…winged thing” earlier in v. 19. Verses 19 and 20 are also tied by the use of the term עוֹף.
  27. Deuteronomy 14:19 sn Lev 11:20-23 gives more details about unclean insects allowing locusts and grasshopper to be eaten. Cf. Matt 3:4; Mark 1:6.
  28. Deuteronomy 14:19 tc The Vulgate and fragments from the Cairo Genizah read “it shall not be eaten.” The LXX and Smr read “you shall not eat from them” (cf. 14:12). The MT, reading the Niphal (passive), is less likely to have been harmonized and the harder reading should stand.
  29. Deuteronomy 14:21 tn Heb “gates” (also in vv. 27, 28, 29).
  30. Deuteronomy 14:21 sn Do not boil a young goat in its mother’s milk. This strange prohibition—one whose rationale is unclear but probably related to pagan ritual—may seem out of place here but actually is not for the following reasons: (1) the passage as a whole opens with a prohibition against heathen mourning rites (i.e., death, vv. 1-2) and closes with what appear to be birth and infancy rites. (2) In the other two places where the stipulation occurs (Exod 23:19 and Exod 34:26) it similarly concludes major sections. (3) Whatever the practice signified it clearly was abhorrent to the Lord and fittingly concludes the topic of various breaches of purity and holiness as represented by the ingestion of unclean animals (vv. 3-21). See C. M. Carmichael, “On Separating Life and Death: An Explanation of Some Biblical Laws,” HTR 69 (1976): 1-7; J. Milgrom, “You Shall Not Boil a Kid In Its Mother’s Milk,” BRev 1 (1985): 48-55; R. J. Ratner and B. Zuckerman, “In Rereading the ‘Kid in Milk’ Inscriptions,” BRev 1 (1985): 56-58; and M. Haran, “Seething a Kid in its Mother’s Milk,” JJS 30 (1979): 23-35.
  31. Deuteronomy 14:22 tn The Hebrew text uses the infinitive absolute for emphasis, indicated in the translation by the words “be certain.”
  32. Deuteronomy 14:23 tn This refers to wine in the early stages of fermentation. In its later stages it becomes wine (יַיִן, yayin) in its mature sense.
  33. Deuteronomy 14:24 tn Heb “the Lord your God.” See note on “He” in 14:2.
  34. Deuteronomy 14:24 tn The Hebrew text includes “way is so far from you that you are unable to carry it because the.” These words have not been included in the translation for stylistic reasons, because they are redundant.
  35. Deuteronomy 14:25 tn Heb “bind the silver in your hand.”
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申命记 14
Revised Chinese Union Version (Simplified Script) Shen Edition

举哀时的禁例

14 “你们是耶和华—你们　神的儿女。不可为了死人割划自己，也不可使额上[a]光秃； 2 因为你是属于耶和华—你　神神圣的子民，耶和华从地面上的万民中拣选了你，作自己宝贵的子民。”

洁净和不洁净的食物(A)

3 “凡可憎的物， 你都不可吃。 4 可吃的牲畜是：牛、绵羊、山羊、 5 鹿、羚、麃子、野山羊、瞪羚、羚羊、山绵羊。 6 凡蹄分两瓣，分趾蹄而又反刍食物的牲畜，你们都可以吃。 7 但那反刍或分蹄之中不可吃的是：骆驼、兔子、石獾，虽然反刍却不分蹄，对你们是不洁净的； 8 猪，虽然分蹄却不反刍，对你们也是不洁净的。它们的肉，你们一点都不可吃；它们的尸体，你们也不可摸。

9 “水中可吃的是这些：凡有鳍有鳞的都可以吃； 10 凡无鳍无鳞的都不可吃，对你们是不洁净的。

11 “凡洁净的鸟，你们都可以吃。 12 不可吃的是：雕、狗头雕、红头雕、 13 鹯、小鹰、鹞鹰的类群， 14 各种乌鸦的类群、 15 鸵鸟、夜鹰、鱼鹰、鹰的类群、 16 鸮鸟、猫头鹰、角鸱、 17 鹈鹕、秃雕、鸬鹚、 18 鹳、鹭鸶的类群、戴𬸊与蝙蝠。 19 凡有翅膀却爬行的群聚动物对你们是不洁净的，都不可吃。 20 凡洁净的鸟，你们都可以吃。

21 “凡自然死去的动物，你们都不可吃，可以给城里寄居的人吃，或卖给外人，因为你是属于耶和华—你　神神圣的子民。

“不可用母山羊的奶来煮它的小山羊。”

十一奉献的条例

22 “每年，你务必从你播种的一切收成，田地所出产的，取十分之一献上。 23 要在耶和华—你　神面前，就是他选择那里作为他名居所的地方，吃你所献十分之一的五谷、新酒和新的油，以及牛群羊群中头生的，好让你天天学习敬畏耶和华—你的　神。 24 当耶和华—你的　神赐福给你的时候，耶和华—你　神选择立他名的地方若离你太远，路途太长，使你不能把这东西带到那里去， 25 你可以把它换成银子，把银子包起来，拿在手中，往耶和华—你　神所选择的地方去。 26 在那里，你可以随心所欲用银子或买牛羊，或买清酒烈酒，或买任何你心所想的。你和你的全家要在耶和华—你　神面前吃喝欢乐。

27 “住在你城里的利未人，你不可离弃他，因为他在你那里没有分得产业。 28 每三年的最后一年，你要把那一年收成的十分之一取出来，积存在你的城中； 29 那没有与你一起分得产业的利未人，和城里的寄居者，以及孤儿寡妇，都可以前来，吃得饱足，好让耶和华—你的　神在你手里所做的一切事上赐福给你。”

Footnotes

  1. 14．1 “额上”：原文是“两眼之间”。
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Deuteronomy 14
New International Version

Clean and Unclean Food(A)

14 You are the children(B) of the Lord your God. Do not cut yourselves or shave the front of your heads for the dead, 2 for you are a people holy(C) to the Lord your God.(D) Out of all the peoples on the face of the earth, the Lord has chosen you to be his treasured possession.(E)

3 Do not eat any detestable thing.(F) 4 These are the animals you may eat:(G) the ox, the sheep, the goat,(H) 5 the deer,(I) the gazelle, the roe deer, the wild goat,(J) the ibex, the antelope and the mountain sheep.[a] 6 You may eat any animal that has a divided hoof and that chews the cud. 7 However, of those that chew the cud or that have a divided hoof you may not eat the camel, the rabbit or the hyrax. Although they chew the cud, they do not have a divided hoof; they are ceremonially unclean for you. 8 The pig is also unclean; although it has a divided hoof, it does not chew the cud. You are not to eat their meat or touch their carcasses.(K)

9 Of all the creatures living in the water, you may eat any that has fins and scales. 10 But anything that does not have fins and scales you may not eat; for you it is unclean.

11 You may eat any clean bird. 12 But these you may not eat: the eagle, the vulture, the black vulture, 13 the red kite, the black kite, any kind(L) of falcon,(M) 14 any kind of raven,(N) 15 the horned owl, the screech owl, the gull, any kind of hawk, 16 the little owl, the great owl, the white owl, 17 the desert owl,(O) the osprey, the cormorant, 18 the stork, any kind of heron, the hoopoe and the bat.

19 All flying insects are unclean to you; do not eat them. 20 But any winged creature that is clean you may eat.(P)

21 Do not eat anything you find already dead.(Q) You may give it to the foreigner residing in any of your towns, and they may eat it, or you may sell it to any other foreigner. But you are a people holy to the Lord your God.(R)

Do not cook a young goat in its mother’s milk.(S)

Tithes

22 Be sure to set aside a tenth(T) of all that your fields produce each year. 23 Eat(U) the tithe of your grain, new wine(V) and olive oil, and the firstborn of your herds and flocks in the presence of the Lord your God at the place he will choose as a dwelling for his Name,(W) so that you may learn(X) to revere(Y) the Lord your God always. 24 But if that place is too distant and you have been blessed by the Lord your God and cannot carry your tithe (because the place where the Lord will choose to put his Name is so far away), 25 then exchange(Z) your tithe for silver, and take the silver with you and go to the place the Lord your God will choose. 26 Use the silver to buy whatever you like: cattle, sheep, wine or other fermented drink,(AA) or anything you wish. Then you and your household shall eat there in the presence of the Lord your God and rejoice.(AB) 27 And do not neglect the Levites(AC) living in your towns, for they have no allotment or inheritance of their own.(AD)

28 At the end of every three years, bring all the tithes(AE) of that year’s produce and store it in your towns,(AF) 29 so that the Levites (who have no allotment(AG) or inheritance(AH) of their own) and the foreigners,(AI) the fatherless and the widows who live in your towns may come and eat and be satisfied,(AJ) and so that the Lord your God may bless(AK) you in all the work of your hands.

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 14:5 The precise identification of some of the birds and animals in this chapter is uncertain.
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