合宜的敬拜

12 “只要你们生活在你们祖先的上帝耶和华赐给你们的土地上,就要谨遵以下律例和典章。

“你们赶走那里的列邦后,要彻底摧毁他们在高山上、丘陵上、绿树下供奉其神明的地方。 你们要拆毁他们的祭坛,打碎他们的神柱,焚烧他们的亚舍拉神像,砍倒他们的偶像,使它们的名字从那里消失。 你们不可按照他们的方式敬拜你们的上帝耶和华。 你们的上帝耶和华要在你们众支派中选一个地方作祂的居所,你们要去那里敬拜祂, 把你们的燔祭及其他祭物、十一奉献、举祭、还愿祭、自愿献的祭和头生的牛羊带到那里。 你们和家人要在那里,在你们的上帝耶和华面前吃喝;要为你们所做的一切蒙祂赐福而欢喜快乐。

“你们不可再像今日这样各行其是, 因为到如今你们还没有进入你们的上帝耶和华赐给你们作产业的安歇之地。 10 但不久你们将渡过约旦河,定居在那片土地上。耶和华将使你们四境太平,安然居住, 11 你们要把我吩咐你们献的燔祭、各种牲祭、十一奉献、举祭和一切还愿祭带到你们的上帝耶和华选定的敬拜场所。 12 在那里,你们和儿女、仆婢及同城中没有分到土地作产业的利未人,要一起在你们的上帝耶和华面前欢喜快乐。 13 你们不可随处向耶和华献燔祭。 14 耶和华会在你们的一个支派中选定敬拜的场所,你们只可以在那里献燔祭,做我吩咐你们的一切事。

15 “你们可以随时在居住的各城宰杀牲畜吃,享受你们的上帝耶和华所赐的福,像吃羚羊和鹿一样。洁净的人和不洁净的人都可以吃。 16 但你们不可吃血。要把血倒在地上,像倒水一样。 17 不可在你们的城里吃十一奉献的谷物、新酒和油、头生的牛羊、还愿祭、自愿献的祭和举祭; 18 要在你们的上帝耶和华选定的地方,与儿女、仆婢及同城的利未人一起在耶和华面前吃。要为你们所做的一切,在你们的上帝耶和华面前欢喜快乐。 19 切记,只要你们还住在自己的土地上,就不可忘记利未人。

20 “你们的上帝耶和华按照祂的应许扩展你们的疆域后,你们若想吃肉,随时都可以吃。 21 如果你们的上帝耶和华选定的敬拜场所离你们太远,你们可以在自己的城里,按照我的吩咐,随时宰杀耶和华赐给你们的牛羊吃, 22 就像你们吃羚羊和鹿一样。洁净的人和不洁净的人都可以吃。 23 但你们不可吃血,因为血就是生命;你们不可把生命和肉一起吃, 24 要把血倒在地上,像倒水一样。 25 你们要做耶和华视为正的事——不可吃血,以便你们及子孙凡事顺利。 26 你们要把圣物和还愿祭带到耶和华选定的地方。 27 你们要在你们的上帝耶和华的祭坛上献燔祭,连肉带血都要献上。要把其他祭牲的血倒在坛上,但可以吃祭肉。 28 你们要认真听从我给你们的这些吩咐,做你们的上帝耶和华视为正与善的事,以便你们及子孙凡事顺利,直到永远。

29 “你们的上帝耶和华将为你们铲除列国。你们要赶走他们,住在他们的土地上。 30 那时,你们要谨慎,不可受诱惑去效法他们的习俗,不可打听他们神明的事,说,‘这些民族怎样供奉他们的神明呢?我也要效法。’ 31 你们不可按照他们的方式敬拜你们的上帝耶和华。他们祭拜自己神明的种种行为令耶和华憎恶,他们甚至焚烧自己的儿女献给他们的神明。

32 “你们要谨遵我的一切吩咐,不可增添,也不可删减。

敬拜 神的地方

12 “你们活在地上的一切日子,在耶和华你列祖的 神赐给你作产业的地上,要谨守遵行的律例和典章,就是这些: 你们要把你们赶走的列国的人事奉神的地方,无论是在高山上,在山冈上,或是在各青翠树下,都要完全毁坏; 也要拆毁他们的祭坛,打碎他们的神柱;用火焚烧他们的亚舍拉,砍倒他们的神的雕像,并且把他们的名字从这地方除灭。 你们不可像他们那样事奉耶和华你的 神。 耶和华你们的 神从你们各支派中,选择了甚么地方作立他名的居所,你们就当到那里求问他; 把你们的燔祭和其他的祭物、十分之一的礼物和手中的贡献、还愿祭和甘心祭,以及牛群羊群中头生的,都要带到那里去; 在那里,就是在耶和华你们的 神面前,你们和你们的家人都可以吃;并且要因你们手所作的一切事,都蒙耶和华你的 神赐福而欢乐。 我们今日在这里所行的,是行各人看为正的事,你们将来不可以这样行; 因为你们现在还没有到耶和华你的 神赐给你的安息地和产业。 10 但是你们过了约旦河,住在耶和华你们的 神使你们承受为业的地,又使你们太平,脱离你们周围的所有仇敌,安居乐业, 11 那时,你要把我吩咐你们的燔祭和其他的祭物、十分之一的礼物和手中的贡献,以及你们向耶和华许愿要献的最美的一切还愿祭,都要带到耶和华你们的 神选择作为立他名的地方。 12 你们和你们的儿女、仆婢,以及住在你们城里的利未人,都要在耶和华你们的 神面前欢乐,因为利未人在你们中间无分无业。 13 你要自己谨慎,不可在你看见的任何地方献上你的燔祭; 14 只要在耶和华从你的一个支派中拣选的地方,在那里献上你的燔祭,在那里行我吩咐你的一切事。

宰牲吃肉的条例

15 “不过在你的各城里,你都可以照着耶和华你的 神赐给你的福分,随意杀牲吃肉。不洁净的人和洁净的人都可以吃,像吃羚羊和鹿的肉一样。 16 只有血,你们不可吃;要倒在地上,像倒水一样。 17 你的五谷、新酒和新油的十分之一,你牛群羊群中头生的和你所许一切还愿的祭、你甘心献的祭和你手中的贡献,都不可在你的城里吃; 18 你只要在耶和华你的 神面前,和在耶和华你的 神选择的地方吃,你和你的儿女、仆婢,以及在你城里的利未人,都可以吃;你也要因你手所作的一切事在耶和华你的 神面前欢乐。 19 你要自己谨慎,你在你那地上的日子,永不可丢弃利未人。

20 “耶和华你的 神,照着他应许你的,扩张了你的境界的时候,如果你因心里渴想吃肉,说:‘我想吃肉。’那么,你就可以随意吃肉。 21 耶和华你的 神选择作立他名的地方,如果离开你太远,你就可以照着我吩咐你的,把耶和华赐给你的牛羊取些宰杀了,可以在你的城里随意地吃。 22 你吃那肉,好象人吃羚羊和鹿的肉一样;不洁净的人和洁净的人都可以一起吃。 23 只是你要心意坚定,不可吃血,因为血就是生命;你不可把生命和肉一起吃。 24 你不可吃血,要倒在地上,像倒水一样。 25 你不可吃血,好使你和你的子子孙孙得享福乐,因为你行了耶和华看为正的事。 26 只是你要把你应有的圣物和你的还愿祭,都带到耶和华选择的地方去, 27 把你的燔祭、肉和血,都献在耶和华你的 神的祭坛上;其他的祭的血,要倒在耶和华你的 神的祭坛上;至于那肉,你却可以吃。 28 你要谨慎听从我吩咐你的这一切话,好使你和你的子子孙孙永远得享福乐,因为你行了耶和华看为好为正的事。

禁行异族宗教的礼仪

29 “耶和华你的 神把你将要进去赶走的列国的民,从你的面前除灭以后,你就得着他们的地,住在那里。 30 那时,你要自己谨慎,不可在他们从你的面前被消灭以后,随从他们的恶俗而陷入网罗,也不可求问他们的神,说:‘这些国的人怎样事奉他们的神,我也要这样行。’ 31 你不可向耶和华你的 神这样行,因为耶和华恨恶的一切可厌恶的事,他们都向他们的神行了,甚至把自己的儿女用火焚烧,献给他们的神。

32 “我吩咐你们的一切话,你们都要谨守遵行,不可加添,也不可减少。”(本节在《马索拉文本》为13:1)

The Lord’s Chosen Place for Worship

12 “These are the decrees and regulations you must be careful to obey when you live in the land that the Lord, the God of your ancestors, is giving you. You must obey them as long as you live.

“When you drive out the nations that live there, you must destroy all the places where they worship their gods—high on the mountains, up on the hills, and under every green tree. Break down their altars and smash their sacred pillars. Burn their Asherah poles and cut down their carved idols. Completely erase the names of their gods!

“Do not worship the Lord your God in the way these pagan peoples worship their gods. Rather, you must seek the Lord your God at the place of worship he himself will choose from among all the tribes—the place where his name will be honored. There you will bring your burnt offerings, your sacrifices, your tithes, your sacred offerings, your offerings to fulfill a vow, your voluntary offerings, and your offerings of the firstborn animals of your herds and flocks. There you and your families will feast in the presence of the Lord your God, and you will rejoice in all you have accomplished because the Lord your God has blessed you.

“Your pattern of worship will change. Today all of you are doing as you please, because you have not yet arrived at the place of rest, the land the Lord your God is giving you as your special possession. 10 But you will soon cross the Jordan River and live in the land the Lord your God is giving you. When he gives you rest from all your enemies and you’re living safely in the land, 11 you must bring everything I command you—your burnt offerings, your sacrifices, your tithes, your sacred offerings, and your offerings to fulfill a vow—to the designated place of worship, the place the Lord your God chooses for his name to be honored.

12 “You must celebrate there in the presence of the Lord your God with your sons and daughters and all your servants. And remember to include the Levites who live in your towns, for they will receive no allotment of land among you. 13 Be careful not to sacrifice your burnt offerings just anywhere you like. 14 You may do so only at the place the Lord will choose within one of your tribal territories. There you must offer your burnt offerings and do everything I command you.

15 “But you may butcher your animals and eat their meat in any town whenever you want. You may freely eat the animals with which the Lord your God blesses you. All of you, whether ceremonially clean or unclean, may eat that meat, just as you now eat gazelle and deer. 16 But you must not consume the blood. You must pour it out on the ground like water.

17 “But you may not eat your offerings in your hometown—neither the tithe of your grain and new wine and olive oil, nor the firstborn of your flocks and herds, nor any offering to fulfill a vow, nor your voluntary offerings, nor your sacred offerings. 18 You must eat these in the presence of the Lord your God at the place he will choose. Eat them there with your children, your servants, and the Levites who live in your towns, celebrating in the presence of the Lord your God in all you do. 19 And be very careful never to neglect the Levites as long as you live in your land.

20 “When the Lord your God expands your territory as he has promised, and you have the urge to eat meat, you may freely eat meat whenever you want. 21 It might happen that the designated place of worship—the place the Lord your God chooses for his name to be honored—is a long way from your home. If so, you may butcher any of the cattle, sheep, or goats the Lord has given you, and you may freely eat the meat in your hometown, as I have commanded you. 22 Anyone, whether ceremonially clean or unclean, may eat that meat, just as you do now with gazelle and deer. 23 But never consume the blood, for the blood is the life, and you must not consume the lifeblood with the meat. 24 Instead, pour out the blood on the ground like water. 25 Do not consume the blood, so that all may go well with you and your children after you, because you will be doing what pleases the Lord.

26 “Take your sacred gifts and your offerings given to fulfill a vow to the place the Lord chooses. 27 You must offer the meat and blood of your burnt offerings on the altar of the Lord your God. The blood of your other sacrifices must be poured out on the altar of the Lord your God, but you may eat the meat. 28 Be careful to obey all my commands, so that all will go well with you and your children after you, because you will be doing what is good and pleasing to the Lord your God.

29 “When the Lord your God goes ahead of you and destroys the nations and you drive them out and live in their land, 30 do not fall into the trap of following their customs and worshiping their gods. Do not inquire about their gods, saying, ‘How do these nations worship their gods? I want to follow their example.’ 31 You must not worship the Lord your God the way the other nations worship their gods, for they perform for their gods every detestable act that the Lord hates. They even burn their sons and daughters as sacrifices to their gods.

32 [a]“So be careful to obey all the commands I give you. You must not add anything to them or subtract anything from them.

Footnotes

  1. 12:32 Verse 12:32 is numbered 13:1 in Hebrew text.