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摩西重新领受诫命(A)

10 “那时,耶和华对我说:‘你要凿出两块石版,和先前的一样,然后上山到我这里来;又要做一个木柜。 我要把你摔碎的先前那两块版上的话,写在这两块版上;你要把它们放在柜中。’ 于是我用皂荚木做了一个柜,又凿出了两块石版,和先前的一样;然后我手里拿着这两块石版,上山去了。 耶和华把先前所写的,就是在集会的日子,在山上从火中告诉你们的十诫,都写在这两块版上;耶和华把石版交给了我。 于是我转身从山上下来,把石版放在我所做的柜中,照着耶和华吩咐我的,现在石版还放在那里。

“以色列人从比罗比尼.亚干起程,到了摩西拉。亚伦在那里死了,也埋葬在那里;他的儿子以利亚撒接替他供祭司的职分。 他们从那里起程,到了谷歌大,又从谷歌大到约巴他,就是多溪水的地。 那时,耶和华把利未支派分别出来,叫他们抬耶和华的约柜,侍立在耶和华面前事奉他,并且奉他的名祝福,直到今日。 所以利未人在兄弟中无分无业;照着耶和华你的 神应许他的,耶和华自己就是他的产业。

10 “我又像以前那样,在山上停留了四十昼夜;那一次耶和华也听了我的呼求,他不愿把你毁灭。 11 耶和华对我说:‘你起来,走在人民的前面,使他们可以进去,得着我向他们列祖起誓赐给他们的那地。’

劝勉众民敬畏耶和华

12 “以色列啊,现在耶和华你的 神向你要的是甚么呢?只要你敬畏耶和华你的 神,行在他的一切道路上,爱他,一心一意事奉耶和华你的 神, 13 遵守耶和华的诫命和律例,就是我今日吩咐你的,为要叫你得福。 14 看哪,天和天上的天,地和地上的一切都是属于耶和华你的 神的。 15 但耶和华只喜悦你的列祖,爱他们;他从万民中拣选了他们的后裔,就是你们,像今日一样。 16 所以你们要给你们的心行割礼,不可再顽固。 17 因为耶和华你们的 神,他是万神之神、万主之主、伟大有力和可畏的 神;他不徇情面,也不受贿赂。 18 他为孤儿寡妇伸张正义,又把衣食给寄居的人。 19 所以你们要爱寄居的人,因为你们在埃及地也作过寄居的人。 20 你要敬畏耶和华你的 神,事奉他,依靠他,奉他的名起誓。 21 他是你当颂赞的;他是你的 神,他为你作了那些大而可畏的事,就是你亲眼见过的。 22 你的列祖下到埃及的时候,一共不过七十人,现在耶和华你的 神却使你的人数像天上的星那么多了。”

10 Moses: Then the Eternal answered my prayer: “Cut out two stone tablets like the first ones, come back up the mountain to Me, and make a wooden chest. I’ll write on those tablets the same words that were on the first ones, the ones you smashed into pieces, and you can put the new tablets in the chest you make.”

So I made a chest of acacia wood and cut out two stone tablets like the first ones, and I went back up the mountain carrying the two tablets. The Eternal engraved on them what He had engraved on the first ones: the Ten Directives the Eternal gave you on the day you gathered at the mountain when He spoke to you from inside the fire. He gave the new tablets to me, and I came back down the mountain and put them in the chest I’d made, as the Eternal had commanded me. And they’re still there today.

When they make and worship the young bull idol, the people are breaking the first covenant at Horeb, the one the Lord makes with them when He speaks to them from inside the fire and gives them the Ten Directives. Moses signifies that this first covenant is null and void when he smashes the two stone tablets that are the official copies of the covenant terms. That covenant has been conditional on the people maintaining an exclusive allegiance to the Lord, and they have violated this essential requirement. Now, however, through the intercession of Moses, the people are accepted into a second, new covenant on the basis of His forgiveness and mercy. Its continuation is also conditional on their obedience, but its deepest foundation is a grace anticipating the new covenant God ultimately makes with us through Jesus.

The children of Israel had been staying by the wells that belong to the descendants of Jaakan. They moved from there to Moserah. There, Aaron died and was buried. His son, Eleazar, succeeded him as high priest. The people then moved to Gudgodah, and then to Jotbathah where the land is watered by streams. There the Eternal set apart the tribe of Levi under Eleazar’s new leadership to carry the covenant chest of the Eternal One to serve Him in His presence and to bless the people in His name, as they still do today. That’s why the tribe of Levi doesn’t have any familial hereditary territory alongside the other tribes: the Eternal Himself is Levi’s inheritance, just as the Eternal your God told Levi He would be.

Moses: 10 I stayed on the mountain just as long as I had before, for 40 days and nights. The Eternal listened to my prayers once again and agreed not to destroy you. 11 He told me, “Stand up again—I’ve granted your request. Now go and lead the people the rest of the way, so they can enter and take possession of the land I promised their ancestors I’d give them.”

12 And now, Israel, what is the Eternal your God asking of you? Only that you fear Him, live as He wants you to, and love Him; serve Him with every part of you, heart and soul; 13 and obey His commands and rules, which I’m giving you today for your good.

14 Think of it—everything already belongs to the Eternal your God: the sky and His own dwelling place beyond the sky, the earth and everything on it. 15 Nevertheless He devotedly loved your ancestors; and out of all the peoples He chose you, their descendants, to be His own, as you still are today. 16 Cut away that hard covering around your heart, and do not harden your neck against me, 17 because the Eternal your God is the God of gods and the Lord of lords, the great and mighty and amazing God! He doesn’t favor the powerful, and He can’t be bribed.

The imagery of cutting the foreskin of one’s heart and not hardening the neck are graphic depictions of how God desires internal devotion to reflect external obedience.

18 He enforces His justice for the powerless, such as orphans and widows, and He loves foreigners, making sure they have food and clothing. 19 You must love those foreigners living with you in the same way. Remember how you were foreigners in the land of Egypt! 20 So fear the Eternal your God; serve Him, and be devoted to Him. Show your loyalty by swearing oaths only in His name. 21 He’s the One you must praise—He’s your God who has done such great and amazing things for you, as you’ve seen with your own eyes. 22 When your ancestors went into Egypt, there were only 70 people in their whole clan.[a] But He kept increasing your numbers, and now there are as many of you as there are stars in the sky!

Footnotes

  1. 10:22 Genesis 46:27

10 At that time the Lord said unto me, Hew thee two tables of stone like unto the first, and come up unto me into the mount, and make thee an ark of wood.

And I will write on the tables the words that were in the first tables which thou brakest, and thou shalt put them in the ark.

And I made an ark of shittim wood, and hewed two tables of stone like unto the first, and went up into the mount, having the two tables in mine hand.

And he wrote on the tables, according to the first writing, the ten commandments, which the Lord spake unto you in the mount out of the midst of the fire in the day of the assembly: and the Lord gave them unto me.

And I turned myself and came down from the mount, and put the tables in the ark which I had made; and there they be, as the Lord commanded me.

And the children of Israel took their journey from Beeroth of the children of Jaakan to Mosera: there Aaron died, and there he was buried; and Eleazar his son ministered in the priest's office in his stead.

From thence they journeyed unto Gudgodah; and from Gudgodah to Jotbath, a land of rivers of waters.

At that time the Lord separated the tribe of Levi, to bear the ark of the covenant of the Lord, to stand before the Lord to minister unto him, and to bless in his name, unto this day.

Wherefore Levi hath no part nor inheritance with his brethren; the Lord is his inheritance, according as the Lord thy God promised him.

10 And I stayed in the mount, according to the first time, forty days and forty nights; and the Lord hearkened unto me at that time also, and the Lord would not destroy thee.

11 And the Lord said unto me, Arise, take thy journey before the people, that they may go in and possess the land, which I sware unto their fathers to give unto them.

12 And now, Israel, what doth the Lord thy God require of thee, but to fear the Lord thy God, to walk in all his ways, and to love him, and to serve the Lord thy God with all thy heart and with all thy soul,

13 To keep the commandments of the Lord, and his statutes, which I command thee this day for thy good?

14 Behold, the heaven and the heaven of heavens is the Lord's thy God, the earth also, with all that therein is.

15 Only the Lord had a delight in thy fathers to love them, and he chose their seed after them, even you above all people, as it is this day.

16 Circumcise therefore the foreskin of your heart, and be no more stiffnecked.

17 For the Lord your God is God of gods, and Lord of lords, a great God, a mighty, and a terrible, which regardeth not persons, nor taketh reward:

18 He doth execute the judgment of the fatherless and widow, and loveth the stranger, in giving him food and raiment.

19 Love ye therefore the stranger: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.

20 Thou shalt fear the Lord thy God; him shalt thou serve, and to him shalt thou cleave, and swear by his name.

21 He is thy praise, and he is thy God, that hath done for thee these great and terrible things, which thine eyes have seen.

22 Thy fathers went down into Egypt with threescore and ten persons; and now the Lord thy God hath made thee as the stars of heaven for multitude.

The Second Pair of Tablets(A)

10 “At that time the Lord said to me, [a]‘Hew for yourself two tablets of stone like the first, and come up to Me on the mountain and make yourself an (B)ark of wood. And I will write on the tablets the words that were on the first tablets, which you broke; and (C)you shall put them in the ark.’

“So I made an ark of acacia wood, hewed two tablets of stone like the first, and went up the mountain, having the two tablets in my hand. And He wrote on the tablets according to the first writing, the Ten [b]Commandments, (D)which the Lord had spoken to you in the mountain from the midst of the fire in the day of the assembly; and the Lord gave them to me. Then I turned and (E)came down from the mountain, and (F)put the tablets in the ark which I had made; (G)and there they are, just as the Lord commanded me.”

(Now the children of Israel journeyed from the wells of Bene Jaakan to Moserah, where Aaron (H)died, and where he was buried; and Eleazar his son ministered as priest in his [c]stead. (I)From there they journeyed to Gudgodah, and from Gudgodah to Jotbathah, a land of [d]rivers of water. At that time (J)the Lord [e]separated the tribe of Levi (K)to bear the ark of the covenant of the Lord, (L)to stand before the Lord to minister to Him and (M)to bless in His name, to this day. (N)Therefore Levi has no portion nor inheritance with his brethren; the Lord is his inheritance, just as the Lord your God promised him.)

10 “As at the first time, (O)I stayed in the mountain forty days and forty nights; (P)the Lord also heard me at that time, and the Lord chose not to destroy you. 11 (Q)Then the Lord said to me, ‘Arise, begin your journey before the people, that they may go in and possess the land which I swore to their fathers to give them.’

The Essence of the Law

12 “And now, Israel, (R)what does the Lord your God require of you, but to fear the Lord your God, to walk in all His ways and to (S)love Him, to serve the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul, 13 and to keep the commandments of the Lord and His statutes which I command you today (T)for your [f]good? 14 Indeed heaven and the highest heavens belong to the (U)Lord your God, also the earth with all that is in it. 15 The Lord delighted only in your fathers, to love them; and He chose their [g]descendants after them, you above all peoples, as it is this day. 16 Therefore circumcise the foreskin of your (V)heart, and be (W)stiff-necked[h] no longer. 17 For the Lord your God is (X)God of gods and (Y)Lord of lords, the great God, (Z)mighty and awesome, who (AA)shows no partiality nor takes a bribe. 18 (AB)He administers justice for the fatherless and the widow, and loves the stranger, giving him food and clothing. 19 Therefore love the stranger, for you were strangers in the land of Egypt. 20 (AC)You shall fear the Lord your God; you shall serve Him, and to Him you shall hold fast, and take oaths in His name. 21 He is your praise, and He is your God, who has done for you these great and awesome things which your eyes have seen. 22 Your fathers went down to Egypt with seventy persons, and now the Lord your God has made you as the stars of heaven in multitude.

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 10:1 Cut out
  2. Deuteronomy 10:4 Lit. Words
  3. Deuteronomy 10:6 place
  4. Deuteronomy 10:7 brooks
  5. Deuteronomy 10:8 set apart
  6. Deuteronomy 10:13 benefit or welfare
  7. Deuteronomy 10:15 Lit. seed
  8. Deuteronomy 10:16 rebellious