前言

以下是摩西对以色列人说的话。当时以色列人在约旦河东的旷野、疏弗对面的亚拉巴,即巴兰、陀弗、拉班、哈洗录和底撒哈之间。 从何烈山取道西珥山到加低斯·巴尼亚,需十一天。 在离开埃及后第四十年的十一月一日,摩西把耶和华的一切吩咐告诉了以色列人。 那时,他已经打败了希实本的亚摩利王西宏以及盘踞在以得来和亚斯她录的巴珊王噩。 摩西在约旦河东的摩押讲解律法,说: “我们的上帝耶和华在何烈山对我们说,‘你们在这里已经住了多日, 现在该启程前往亚摩利人的山区、亚拉巴地区、山地、丘陵、南地、沿海一带、迦南和黎巴嫩,直到幼发拉底河。 看啊,我把那片土地赐给你们了,你们去占领吧,那是耶和华起誓赐给你们祖先亚伯拉罕、以撒、雅各和他们后裔的地方。’

摩西设立首领

“那时,我对你们说,‘我无法独自承担管理你们的重任, 10 因为你们的上帝耶和华使你们人丁兴旺,以致今天人数多如天上的星星。 11 愿你们祖先的上帝耶和华使你们人数更增千倍,照祂的应许赐福给你们。 12 但我怎能独自担当解决你们问题和争端的重任呢? 13 你们要从各支派中选出有智慧、有见识、受尊重的人,我要立他们做你们的首领。’ 14 你们都同意这样的做法。 15 于是,我把各支派中有智慧和受敬重的人立为你们的首领,即千夫长、百夫长、五十夫长、十夫长和其他官长,治理你们。 16 我吩咐这些官员要聆听案件,公正地审理同胞之间或与外族人之间的诉讼, 17 不可偏私,不分贵贱,不惧情面,因为判决来自上帝。如果案件太难,可以交给我处理。 18 那时,我把一切当行之事都告诉了你们。

派人打探迦南

19 “我们照我们上帝耶和华的吩咐,从何烈山出发,走过你们所见的那大而可怕的旷野,前往亚摩利山区,来到加低斯·巴尼亚。 20 我对你们说,‘我们的上帝耶和华赐给我们的亚摩利山区到了。 21 看啊,你们祖先的上帝耶和华已把那片土地赐给你们,你们要照着祂的应许去占领那里,不要惧怕,不要气馁。’ 22 你们来对我说,‘我们要先派人去打探那地方,回来好告诉我们当走哪条路,当占哪些城。’ 23 我同意你们的建议,便从你们当中选出十二人,每支派选一人。 24 他们前往山区,到了以实各谷,打探那地方。 25 他们带回来一些那里的果子,禀告说,‘我们的上帝耶和华赐给我们的地方很好。’

26 “但你们却违背你们上帝耶和华的命令,不肯上去。 27 你们在帐篷中埋怨说,‘耶和华憎恨我们,所以才领我们离开埃及,要把我们交在亚摩利人手里,让他们消灭我们。 28 我们怎能上去呢?那些弟兄的报告令我们胆战心惊,他们说那里的人比我们高大,城邑雄伟,城墙高达云霄,还有亚衲人在那里。’ 29 我对你们说,‘不要惊慌,不要怕他们。 30 你们的上帝耶和华必带领你们,为你们争战,正如祂当着你们的面在埃及所行的一样。 31 你们在旷野曾目睹你们的上帝耶和华像父亲抱儿子一样,一路把你们抱到这地方。’ 32-33 祂为你们开路,为你们找安营的地方,夜间用火柱、白天用云柱为你们引路。尽管如此,你们还是不信靠你们的上帝耶和华。

惩罚叛逆

34 “你们的埋怨惹耶和华发怒,祂起誓说, 35 ‘这邪恶的一代没有一人能看见我起誓要赐给他们祖先的佳美之地, 36 只有耶孚尼的儿子迦勒能看见,我必把他所踏之地赐给他和他的后代,因为他全心全意地跟从我。’ 37 因为你们的缘故,耶和华也向我发怒,说,‘你也不能进入那片土地, 38 但你的助手——嫩的儿子约书亚可以进入。你要鼓励他,因为他将带领以色列承受那片土地。 39 你们说你们的子女会被掳去,但这些还不知善恶的孩子都将进入那片土地,我要把那里赐给他们,他们将占领那里。 40 而你们要掉头,沿红海的路回到旷野。’

41 “于是,你们对我说,‘我们得罪了耶和华,现在我们愿意遵从我们的上帝耶和华的吩咐,上去作战。’你们便各自拿起兵器,以为可以轻易攻占山区。 42 但耶和华让我告诉你们,‘不要上去作战,以免被敌人击败,因为耶和华不会与你们同在。’ 43 我把耶和华的话转告了你们,但你们不听,违背耶和华的命令,擅自前往山区。 44 住在山区的亚摩利人蜂拥出击,打败了你们,从西珥追杀你们,一直追到何珥玛。 45 你们回来在耶和华面前哭泣,但耶和华不理会你们的哭声。 46 因此,你们在加低斯住了很久。

These be the words which Moses spake unto all Israel on this side Jordan in the wilderness, in the plain over against the Red sea, between Paran, and Tophel, and Laban, and Hazeroth, and Dizahab.

(There are eleven days' journey from Horeb by the way of mount Seir unto Kadeshbarnea.)

And it came to pass in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, that Moses spake unto the children of Israel, according unto all that the Lord had given him in commandment unto them;

After he had slain Sihon the king of the Amorites, which dwelt in Heshbon, and Og the king of Bashan, which dwelt at Astaroth in Edrei:

On this side Jordan, in the land of Moab, began Moses to declare this law, saying,

The Lord our God spake unto us in Horeb, saying, Ye have dwelt long enough in this mount:

Turn you, and take your journey, and go to the mount of the Amorites, and unto all the places nigh thereunto, in the plain, in the hills, and in the vale, and in the south, and by the sea side, to the land of the Canaanites, and unto Lebanon, unto the great river, the river Euphrates.

Behold, I have set the land before you: go in and possess the land which the Lord sware unto your fathers, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, to give unto them and to their seed after them.

And I spake unto you at that time, saying, I am not able to bear you myself alone:

10 The Lord your God hath multiplied you, and, behold, ye are this day as the stars of heaven for multitude.

11 (The Lord God of your fathers make you a thousand times so many more as ye are, and bless you, as he hath promised you!)

12 How can I myself alone bear your cumbrance, and your burden, and your strife?

13 Take you wise men, and understanding, and known among your tribes, and I will make them rulers over you.

14 And ye answered me, and said, The thing which thou hast spoken is good for us to do.

15 So I took the chief of your tribes, wise men, and known, and made them heads over you, captains over thousands, and captains over hundreds, and captains over fifties, and captains over tens, and officers among your tribes.

16 And I charged your judges at that time, saying, Hear the causes between your brethren, and judge righteously between every man and his brother, and the stranger that is with him.

17 Ye shall not respect persons in judgment; but ye shall hear the small as well as the great; ye shall not be afraid of the face of man; for the judgment is God's: and the cause that is too hard for you, bring it unto me, and I will hear it.

18 And I commanded you at that time all the things which ye should do.

19 And when we departed from Horeb, we went through all that great and terrible wilderness, which ye saw by the way of the mountain of the Amorites, as the Lord our God commanded us; and we came to Kadeshbarnea.

20 And I said unto you, Ye are come unto the mountain of the Amorites, which the Lord our God doth give unto us.

21 Behold, the Lord thy God hath set the land before thee: go up and possess it, as the Lord God of thy fathers hath said unto thee; fear not, neither be discouraged.

22 And ye came near unto me every one of you, and said, We will send men before us, and they shall search us out the land, and bring us word again by what way we must go up, and into what cities we shall come.

23 And the saying pleased me well: and I took twelve men of you, one of a tribe:

24 And they turned and went up into the mountain, and came unto the valley of Eshcol, and searched it out.

25 And they took of the fruit of the land in their hands, and brought it down unto us, and brought us word again, and said, It is a good land which the Lord our God doth give us.

26 Notwithstanding ye would not go up, but rebelled against the commandment of the Lord your God:

27 And ye murmured in your tents, and said, Because the Lord hated us, he hath brought us forth out of the land of Egypt, to deliver us into the hand of the Amorites, to destroy us.

28 Whither shall we go up? our brethren have discouraged our heart, saying, The people is greater and taller than we; the cities are great and walled up to heaven; and moreover we have seen the sons of the Anakims there.

29 Then I said unto you, Dread not, neither be afraid of them.

30 The Lord your God which goeth before you, he shall fight for you, according to all that he did for you in Egypt before your eyes;

31 And in the wilderness, where thou hast seen how that the Lord thy God bare thee, as a man doth bear his son, in all the way that ye went, until ye came into this place.

32 Yet in this thing ye did not believe the Lord your God,

33 Who went in the way before you, to search you out a place to pitch your tents in, in fire by night, to shew you by what way ye should go, and in a cloud by day.

34 And the Lord heard the voice of your words, and was wroth, and sware, saying,

35 Surely there shall not one of these men of this evil generation see that good land, which I sware to give unto your fathers.

36 Save Caleb the son of Jephunneh; he shall see it, and to him will I give the land that he hath trodden upon, and to his children, because he hath wholly followed the Lord.

37 Also the Lord was angry with me for your sakes, saying, Thou also shalt not go in thither.

38 But Joshua the son of Nun, which standeth before thee, he shall go in thither: encourage him: for he shall cause Israel to inherit it.

39 Moreover your little ones, which ye said should be a prey, and your children, which in that day had no knowledge between good and evil, they shall go in thither, and unto them will I give it, and they shall possess it.

40 But as for you, turn you, and take your journey into the wilderness by the way of the Red sea.

41 Then ye answered and said unto me, We have sinned against the Lord, we will go up and fight, according to all that the Lord our God commanded us. And when ye had girded on every man his weapons of war, ye were ready to go up into the hill.

42 And the Lord said unto me, Say unto them. Go not up, neither fight; for I am not among you; lest ye be smitten before your enemies.

43 So I spake unto you; and ye would not hear, but rebelled against the commandment of the Lord, and went presumptuously up into the hill.

44 And the Amorites, which dwelt in that mountain, came out against you, and chased you, as bees do, and destroyed you in Seir, even unto Hormah.

45 And ye returned and wept before the Lord; but the Lord would not hearken to your voice, nor give ear unto you.

46 So ye abode in Kadesh many days, according unto the days that ye abode there.

The Command to Leave Horeb

These are the words that Moses spoke to all Israel beyond the Jordan in the wilderness, in (A)the Arabah opposite (B)Suph, between (C)Paran and Tophel, Laban, Hazeroth, and Dizahab. It is eleven days' journey from Horeb by the way of Mount Seir to (D)Kadesh-barnea. (E)In the fortieth year, on the first day of the eleventh month, Moses spoke to the people of Israel according to all that the Lord had given him in commandment to them, after (F)he had defeated Sihon the king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon, and (G)Og the king of Bashan, who lived in Ashtaroth and in (H)Edrei. Beyond the Jordan, (I)in the land of Moab, Moses undertook to explain this law, saying, “The Lord our God said to us in Horeb, (J)‘You have stayed long enough at this mountain. Turn and take your journey, and go to (K)the hill country of the Amorites and to all their neighbors in (L)the Arabah, (M)in the hill country and in the lowland and in the Negeb and (N)by the seacoast, the land of the Canaanites, and Lebanon, as far as the great river, the river Euphrates. See, I have set the land before you. Go in and take possession of the land that the Lord swore to your fathers, (O)to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, to give to them and to their offspring after them.’

Leaders Appointed

“At that time (P)I said to you, ‘I am not able to bear you by myself. 10 The Lord your God has multiplied you, and behold, (Q)you are today as numerous as the stars of heaven. 11 (R)May the Lord, the God of your fathers, make you a thousand times as many as you are and bless you, (S)as he has promised you! 12 (T)How can I bear by myself the weight and burden of you and your strife? 13 (U)Choose for your tribes wise, understanding, and experienced men, and I will appoint them as your heads.’ 14 And you answered me, ‘The thing that you have spoken is good for us to do.’ 15 So I took the heads of your tribes, wise and experienced men, (V)and set them as heads over you, commanders of thousands, commanders of hundreds, commanders of fifties, commanders of tens, and officers, throughout your tribes. 16 And I charged your judges at that time, ‘Hear the cases between your brothers, and (W)judge righteously between a man and his brother or the alien who is with him. 17 (X)You shall not be partial in judgment. You shall hear the small and the great alike. You shall not be intimidated by anyone, for (Y)the judgment is God's. And the case that is too hard for you, you shall (Z)bring to me, and I will hear it.’ 18 And I commanded you at that time all the things that you should do.

Israel's Refusal to Enter the Land

19 “Then we set out from Horeb and (AA)went through all that great and terrifying wilderness that you saw, on the way to the hill country of the Amorites, as the Lord our God commanded us. And (AB)we came to Kadesh-barnea. 20 And I said to you, ‘You have come to the hill country of the Amorites, which the Lord our God is giving us. 21 See, the Lord your God has set the land before you. Go up, take possession, as the Lord, the God of your fathers, has told you. (AC)Do not fear or be dismayed.’ 22 Then all of you came near me and said, ‘Let us send men before us, that they may explore the land for us and bring us word again of the way by which we must go up and the cities into which we shall come.’ 23 The thing seemed good to me, and (AD)I took twelve men from you, one man from each tribe. 24 And (AE)they turned and went up into the hill country, and came to the Valley of Eshcol and spied it out. 25 And they took in their hands some of the fruit of the land and brought it down to us, and brought us word again and said, ‘It is a good land that the Lord our God is giving us.’

26 “Yet you would not go up, but rebelled against the command of the Lord your God. 27 And (AF)you murmured in your tents and said, ‘Because the Lord (AG)hated us he has brought us out of the land of Egypt, (AH)to give us into the hand of the Amorites, to destroy us. 28 Where are we going up? (AI)Our brothers have made our hearts melt, saying, (AJ)“The people are greater and taller than we. The cities are great and fortified up to heaven. And besides, we have seen (AK)the sons of the Anakim there.”’ 29 Then I said to you, ‘Do not be in dread or afraid of them. 30 The Lord your God who goes before you (AL)will himself fight for you, just as he did for you in Egypt before your eyes, 31 and in the wilderness, where you have seen how the Lord your God (AM)carried you, as a man carries his son, all the way that you went until you came to this place.’ 32 Yet in spite of this word (AN)you did not believe the Lord your God, 33 (AO)who went before you in the way (AP)to seek you out a place to pitch your tents, in fire by night and in the cloud by day, to show you by what way you should go.

The Penalty for Israel's Rebellion

34 “And the Lord heard your words and was angered, and he swore, 35 (AQ)‘Not one of these men of this evil generation shall see the good land that I swore to give to your fathers, 36 (AR)except Caleb the son of Jephunneh. He shall see it, and to him and to his children I will give the land on which he has trodden, because he has wholly followed the Lord!’ 37 Even with me (AS)the Lord was angry on your account and said, ‘You also shall not go in there. 38 (AT)Joshua the son of Nun, (AU)who stands before you, he shall enter. (AV)Encourage him, for he shall cause Israel to inherit it. 39 And as for (AW)your little ones, who you said would become a prey, and your children, who today (AX)have no knowledge of good or evil, they shall go in there. And to them I will give it, and they shall possess it. 40 But as for you, (AY)turn, and journey into the wilderness in the direction of the Red Sea.’

41 “Then you answered me, (AZ)‘We have sinned against the Lord. We ourselves will go up and fight, just as the Lord our God commanded us.’ And every one of you fastened on his weapons of war and thought it easy to go up into the hill country. 42 And the Lord said to me, (BA)‘Say to them, Do not go up or fight, (BB)for I am not in your midst, lest you be defeated before your enemies.’ 43 So I spoke to you, and you would not listen; but you rebelled against the command of the Lord and (BC)presumptuously went up into the hill country. 44 (BD)Then the Amorites who lived in that hill country came out against you and chased you (BE)as bees do and beat you down in Seir as far as (BF)Hormah. 45 And you returned and wept before the Lord, but the Lord did not listen to your voice or give ear to you. 46 So (BG)you remained at Kadesh many days, the days that you remained there.