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察究見殺者之例

21 「在耶和華你神所賜你為業的地上,若遇見被殺的人倒在田野,不知道是誰殺的, 長老和審判官就要出去,從被殺的人那裡量起,直量到四圍的城邑。 看哪城離被殺的人最近,那城的長老就要從牛群中取一隻未曾耕地、未曾負軛的母牛犢, 把母牛犢牽到流水、未曾耕種的山谷去,在谷中打折母牛犢的頸項。 祭司利未的子孫要近前來,因為耶和華你的神揀選了他們侍奉他,奉耶和華的名祝福,所有爭訟毆打的事都要憑他們判斷。 那城的眾長老,就是離被殺的人最近的,要在那山谷中,在所打折頸項的母牛犢以上洗手, 禱告[a]說:『我們的手未曾流這人的血,我們的眼也未曾看見這事。 耶和華啊,求你赦免你所救贖的以色列民,不要使流無辜血的罪歸在你的百姓以色列中間。』這樣,流血的罪必得赦免。 你行耶和華眼中看為正的事,就可以從你們中間除掉流無辜血的罪。

納被擄婦女為妻之例

10 「你出去與仇敵爭戰的時候,耶和華你的神將他們交在你手中,你就擄了他們去, 11 若在被擄的人中見有美貌的女子,戀慕她,要娶她為妻, 12 就可以領她到你家裡去。她便要剃頭髮,修指甲, 13 脫去被擄時所穿的衣服,住在你家裡哀哭父母一個整月,然後可以與她同房。你做她的丈夫,她做你的妻子。 14 後來你若不喜悅她,就要由她隨意出去,決不可為錢賣她,也不可當婢女待她,因為你玷汙了她。

勿以私愛廢長子

15 「人若有二妻,一為所愛,一為所惡,所愛的、所惡的都給他生了兒子,但長子是所惡之妻生的, 16 到了把產業分給兒子承受的時候,不可將所愛之妻生的兒子立為長子,在所惡之妻生的兒子以上; 17 卻要認所惡之妻生的兒子為長子,將產業多加一份給他,因這兒子是他力量強壯的時候生的,長子的名分本當歸他。

待逆子之例

18 「人若有頑梗悖逆的兒子,不聽從父母的話,他們雖懲治他,他仍不聽從, 19 父母就要抓住他,將他帶到本地的城門,本城的長老那裡, 20 對長老說:『我們這兒子頑梗悖逆,不聽從我們的話,是貪食好酒的人。』 21 本城的眾人就要用石頭將他打死。這樣,就把那惡從你們中間除掉,以色列眾人都要聽見害怕。

22 「人若犯該死的罪,被治死了,你將他掛在木頭上, 23 他的屍首不可留在木頭上過夜,必要當日將他葬埋,免得玷汙了耶和華你神所賜你為業之地,因為被掛的人是在神面前受咒詛的。

Footnotes

  1. 申命記 21:7 原文作:回答。

Atonement for an Unsolved Murder

21 If someone is found slain, lying in a field in the land the Lord your God is giving you to possess, and it is not known who the killer was,(A) your elders and judges shall go out and measure the distance from the body to the neighboring towns. Then the elders of the town nearest the body shall take a heifer that has never been worked and has never worn a yoke(B) and lead it down to a valley that has not been plowed or planted and where there is a flowing stream. There in the valley they are to break the heifer’s neck. The Levitical priests shall step forward, for the Lord your God has chosen them to minister and to pronounce blessings(C) in the name of the Lord and to decide all cases of dispute and assault.(D) Then all the elders of the town nearest the body shall wash their hands(E) over the heifer whose neck was broken in the valley, and they shall declare: “Our hands did not shed this blood, nor did our eyes see it done. Accept this atonement for your people Israel, whom you have redeemed, Lord, and do not hold your people guilty of the blood of an innocent person.” Then the bloodshed will be atoned for,(F) and you will have purged(G) from yourselves the guilt of shedding innocent blood, since you have done what is right in the eyes of the Lord.

Marrying a Captive Woman

10 When you go to war against your enemies and the Lord your God delivers them into your hands(H) and you take captives,(I) 11 if you notice among the captives a beautiful(J) woman and are attracted to her,(K) you may take her as your wife. 12 Bring her into your home and have her shave her head,(L) trim her nails 13 and put aside the clothes she was wearing when captured. After she has lived in your house and mourned her father and mother for a full month,(M) then you may go to her and be her husband and she shall be your wife. 14 If you are not pleased with her, let her go wherever she wishes. You must not sell her or treat her as a slave, since you have dishonored her.(N)

The Right of the Firstborn

15 If a man has two wives,(O) and he loves one but not the other, and both bear him sons but the firstborn is the son of the wife he does not love,(P) 16 when he wills his property to his sons, he must not give the rights of the firstborn to the son of the wife he loves in preference to his actual firstborn, the son of the wife he does not love.(Q) 17 He must acknowledge the son of his unloved wife as the firstborn by giving him a double(R) share of all he has. That son is the first sign of his father’s strength.(S) The right of the firstborn belongs to him.(T)

A Rebellious Son

18 If someone has a stubborn and rebellious(U) son(V) who does not obey his father and mother(W) and will not listen to them when they discipline him, 19 his father and mother shall take hold of him and bring him to the elders at the gate of his town. 20 They shall say to the elders, “This son of ours is stubborn and rebellious. He will not obey us. He is a glutton and a drunkard.” 21 Then all the men of his town are to stone him to death.(X) You must purge the evil(Y) from among you. All Israel will hear of it and be afraid.(Z)

Various Laws

22 If someone guilty of a capital offense(AA) is put to death and their body is exposed on a pole, 23 you must not leave the body hanging on the pole overnight.(AB) Be sure to bury(AC) it that same day, because anyone who is hung on a pole is under God’s curse.(AD) You must not desecrate(AE) the land the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance.

The Law Concerning Unsolved Murder

21 “If anyone is found slain, lying in the field in the land which the Lord your God is giving you to possess, and it is not known who killed him, then your elders and your judges shall go out and measure the distance from the slain man to the surrounding cities. And it shall be that the elders of the city nearest to the slain man will take a heifer which has not been worked and which has not pulled with a (A)yoke. The elders of that city shall bring the heifer down to a valley with flowing water, which is neither plowed nor sown, and they shall break the heifer’s neck there in the valley. Then the priests, the sons of Levi, shall come near, for (B)the Lord your God has chosen them to minister to Him and to bless in the name of the Lord; (C)by their word every controversy and every [a]assault shall be settled. And all the elders of that city nearest to the slain man (D)shall wash their hands over the heifer whose neck was broken in the valley. Then they shall answer and say, ‘Our hands have not shed this blood, nor have our eyes seen it. Provide atonement, O Lord, for Your people Israel, whom You have redeemed, (E)and do not lay innocent blood to the charge of Your people Israel.’ And atonement shall be provided on their behalf for the blood. So (F)you shall put away the guilt of innocent blood from among you when you do what is right in the sight of the Lord.

Female Captives

10 “When you go out to war against your enemies, and the Lord your God delivers them into your hand, and you take them captive, 11 and you see among the captives a beautiful woman, and desire her and would take her for your (G)wife, 12 then you shall bring her home to your house, and she shall (H)shave her head and trim her nails. 13 She shall put off the clothes of her captivity, remain in your house, and (I)mourn her father and her mother a full month; after that you may go in to her and be her husband, and she shall be your wife. 14 And it shall be, if you have no delight in her, then you shall set her free, but you certainly shall not sell her for money; you shall not treat her brutally, because you have (J)humbled her.

Firstborn Inheritance Rights

15 “If a man has two wives, one loved (K)and the other unloved, and they have borne him children, both the loved and the unloved, and if the firstborn son is of her who is unloved, 16 then it shall be, (L)on the day he bequeaths his possessions to his sons, that he must not bestow firstborn status on the son of the loved wife in preference to the son of the unloved, the true firstborn. 17 But he shall acknowledge the son of the unloved wife as the firstborn (M)by giving him a double portion of all that he has, for he (N)is the beginning of his strength; (O)the right of the firstborn is his.

The Rebellious Son

18 “If a man has a stubborn and rebellious son who will not obey the voice of his father or the voice of his mother, and who, when they have chastened him, will not heed them, 19 then his father and his mother shall take hold of him and bring him out to the elders of his city, to the gate of his city. 20 And they shall say to the elders of his city, ‘This son of ours is stubborn and rebellious; he will not obey our voice; he is a glutton and a drunkard.’ 21 Then all the men of his city shall stone him to death with stones; (P)so you shall put away the evil from among you, (Q)and all Israel shall hear and fear.

Miscellaneous Laws

22 “If a man has committed a sin (R)deserving of death, and he is put to death, and you hang him on a tree, 23 (S)his body shall not remain overnight on the tree, but you shall surely bury him that day, so that (T)you do not defile the land which the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance; for (U)he who is hanged is accursed of God.

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 21:5 Lit. stroke