設立避難城

19 「你們的上帝耶和華毀滅那些民族,把他們的土地賜給你們,使你們趕走他們,住進他們的城邑和房屋後, 2-3 你們要把土地劃分為三個地區,在每個地區設立一座避難城,修好通往這三座城的道路,以便誤殺人者可以逃往最近的避難城。

「如果有人無意間殺了素無冤仇的同伴,他可以逃往避難城,以保住性命。 例如,有人和朋友去森林砍樹,斧頭脫柄,誤殺了朋友,他就可以逃往避難城,以保住性命。 否則,如果避難城離誤殺人者太遠,怒火中燒的報仇者就會追上去殺死他。其實他是不該死的,因為他與被誤殺的人素無冤仇。 因此,我吩咐你們要設立三座避難城。

8-9 「如果你們謹遵我今天吩咐你們的這一切誡命,愛你們的上帝耶和華,一生遵行祂的旨意,祂就會按照祂對你們祖先所起的誓,擴張你們的疆域,把應許給你們祖先的土地賜給你們。那時,你們要再設三座避難城, 10 免得無辜人的血流在你們的上帝耶和華賜給你們作產業之地,以致你們擔當枉殺無辜的罪。

11 「如果有人因憎恨鄰居而暗中埋伏,殺了鄰居,然後逃到避難城, 12 他本城的長老要派人去把他帶回來,交給復仇的人,將他處死。 13 不可憐憫他,要從以色列除掉這種濫殺無辜的罪,這樣你們才會順利。

14 「在你們的上帝耶和華將要賜給你們作產業之地,你們不可挪動鄰居的界石,因為那是先人立的。

15 「如果人犯了什麼罪或有什麼過失,不可憑一個證人作證就定罪,要有兩三個證人才可以定案。 16 如果有人作偽證誣陷別人, 17 訴訟雙方要站在耶和華面前,讓當值的祭司和審判官定奪。 18 審判官要仔細審查案件,如果發現那人作偽證, 19 就要按照他企圖加給被誣告者的傷害處罰他。這樣,就從你們當中除掉了罪惡。 20 其他人聽說後,都會害怕,不敢再做這種惡事。 21 你們對惡人不可心軟,要以命償命,以眼還眼,以牙還牙,以手還手,以腳還腳。

Three Cities of Refuge(A)

19 “When the Lord your God (B)has cut off the nations whose land the Lord your God is giving you, and you dispossess them and dwell in their cities and in their houses, (C)you shall separate three cities for yourself in the midst of your land which the Lord your God is giving you to possess. You shall prepare roads for yourself, and divide into three parts the territory of your land which the Lord your God is giving you to inherit, that any manslayer may flee there.

“And (D)this is the case of the manslayer who flees there, that he may live: Whoever kills his neighbor [a]unintentionally, not having hated him in time past— as when a man goes to the woods with his neighbor to cut timber, and his hand swings a stroke with the ax to cut down the tree, and the head slips from the handle and strikes his neighbor so that he dies—he shall flee to one of these cities and live; (E)lest the avenger of blood, while his anger is hot, pursue the manslayer and overtake him, because the way is long, and kill him, though he was not deserving of death, since he had not hated the victim in time past. Therefore I command you, saying, ‘You shall separate three cities for yourself.’

“Now if the Lord your God (F)enlarges your territory, as He swore to (G)your fathers, and gives you the land which He promised to give to your fathers, and if you keep all these commandments and do them, which I command you today, to love the Lord your God and to walk always in His ways, (H)then you shall add three more cities for yourself besides these three, 10 (I)lest innocent blood be shed in the midst of your land which the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance, and thus guilt of bloodshed be upon you.

11 “But (J)if anyone hates his neighbor, lies in wait for him, rises against him and strikes him mortally, so that he dies, and he flees to one of these cities, 12 then the elders of his city shall send and bring him from there, and deliver him over to the hand of the avenger of blood, that he may die. 13 (K)Your eye shall not pity him, (L)but you shall [b]put away the guilt of innocent blood from Israel, that it may go well with you.

Property Boundaries

14 (M)“You shall not remove your neighbor’s landmark, which the men of old have set, in your inheritance which you will inherit in the land that the Lord your God is giving you to possess.

The Law Concerning Witnesses

15 (N)“One witness shall not rise against a man concerning any iniquity or any sin that he commits; by the mouth of two or three witnesses the matter shall be established. 16 If a false witness (O)rises against any man to testify against him of wrongdoing, 17 then both men in the controversy shall stand before the Lord, (P)before the priests and the judges who serve in those days. 18 And the judges shall make careful inquiry, and indeed, if the witness is a false witness, who has testified falsely against his brother, 19 (Q)then you shall do to him as he thought to have done to his brother; so (R)you shall put away the evil from among you. 20 (S)And those who remain shall hear and fear, and hereafter they shall not again commit such evil among you. 21 (T)Your eye shall not pity: (U)life shall be for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 19:4 ignorantly, lit. without knowledge
  2. Deuteronomy 19:13 purge the blood of the innocent