逾越節

以色列人離開埃及後第二年的一月,耶和華在西奈曠野對摩西說: 「以色列人要在指定的時間守逾越節, 就是在一月十四日黃昏按照有關的律例和典章守逾越節。」 於是,摩西吩咐以色列人守逾越節。 一月十四日黃昏,以色列人照耶和華對摩西的吩咐,在西奈山守逾越節。

可是,有幾個人因碰到死屍而不潔淨,不能在那天守逾越節,他們就來見摩西和亞倫, 說:「我們不過因碰到死屍而不潔淨,為什麼不准我們跟其他以色列人一起在指定的時間向耶和華獻供物?」 摩西說:「你們等一下,我要去聽聽耶和華對這事有什麼吩咐。」

耶和華對摩西說: 10 「你把以下條例告訴以色列人。

「如果你們或你們的子孫中有人因為碰了死屍而不潔淨,或是出了遠門,可以改期為耶和華守逾越節。 11 他們可以在二月十四日黃昏守逾越節,要配無酵餅和苦菜一起吃逾越節的羊羔。 12 食物不可留到天明,也不可折斷羊羔的一根骨頭。要遵守逾越節的一切律例。 13 如果有人是潔淨的,又沒有出遠門,卻不守逾越節,要將他從民中剷除。他不在指定的時間向耶和華獻供物,就必須自負罪責。 14 如果寄居在你們中間的外族人也想為耶和華守逾越節,他們也要遵守這些律例和典章。不論是外族人還是以色列人,都要遵守同樣的律例。」

雲彩遮蓋會幕

15 安放約櫃的聖幕支起來那天,雲彩遮蓋了它。當晚,雲彩整夜像火焰一般。 16 之後,每天如此:白天雲彩遮蓋聖幕,晚上雲彩像火。 17 雲彩什麼時候從聖幕上升起,以色列人就啟行;雲彩在哪裡停下來,以色列人就在哪裡安營。 18 他們無論啟行還是安營,都遵照耶和華的吩咐。雲彩在聖幕上停留多久,他們就安營多久。 19 有時雲彩在聖幕上停留多日,他們就遵照耶和華的吩咐安營多日。 20 有時雲彩在聖幕上只停留幾天,他們就遵照耶和華的吩咐只安營幾天。隨後再照耶和華的吩咐啟行。 21 有時雲彩整夜停留在聖幕上,到早晨才升起,他們就早晨才啟行。不管白天黑夜,雲彩一升起,他們就啟行。 22 不管是兩天、一個月或是一年,只要雲彩停留在聖幕上,以色列人就安營不動;雲彩一升起,他們就啟行。 23 他們遵照耶和華的吩咐安營,也遵照耶和華的吩咐啟行。他們遵行耶和華藉摩西吩咐的話。

Regulations for Celebrating Passover

(A) During the first month of Israel's second year in the Sinai Desert,[a] the Lord had told Moses to say to the people, “Celebrate Passover in the evening of the fourteenth day of this month[b] and do it by following all the regulations.” 4-5 Moses told the people what the Lord had said, and they celebrated Passover there in the desert in the evening of the fourteenth day of the first month.

Some people in Israel's camp had touched a dead body and had become unfit to worship the Lord, and they could not celebrate Passover. But they asked Moses and Aaron, “Even though we have touched a dead body, why can't we celebrate Passover and offer sacrifices to the Lord at the same time as everyone else?”

Moses said, “Wait here while I go into the sacred tent and find out what the Lord says about this.”

The Lord then told Moses 10 to say to the community of Israel:

If any of you or your descendants touch a dead body and become unfit to worship me, or if you are away on a long journey, you may still celebrate Passover. 11 But it must be done in the second month,[c] in the evening of the fourteenth day. Eat the Passover lamb with thin bread and bitter herbs, 12 (B) and don't leave any of it until morning or break any of the animal's bones. Be sure to follow these regulations.

13 But if any of you are fit to worship me, and yet refuse to celebrate Passover when you are not away on a journey, you will no longer belong to my people. You will be punished because you did not offer sacrifices to me at the proper time.

14 Anyone, including foreigners who live among you, can celebrate Passover, if they follow all the regulations.

The Cloud over the Sacred Tent

(Exodus 40.34-38)

15-16 As soon as the sacred tent was set up,[d] a thick cloud appeared and covered it. The cloud was there each day, and during the night, a fire could be seen in it. 17-19 The Lord used this cloud to tell the Israelites when to move their camp and where to set it up again. As long as the cloud covered the tent, the Israelites did not break camp. But when the cloud moved, they followed it, and wherever it stopped, they camped and stayed there, 20-22 whether it was only one night, a few days, a month, or even a year. As long as the cloud remained over the tent, the Israelites stayed where they were. But when the cloud moved, so did the Israelites. 23 They obeyed the Lord's commands and went wherever he directed Moses.

Footnotes

  1. 9.1 first month … Sinai Desert: The book of Numbers begins in the second month of the second year (see 1.1), so 9.1-5 refers to a Passover celebration that had already taken place.
  2. 9.3 this month: Abib (also called Nisan), the first month of the Hebrew calendar, from about mid-March to mid-April.
  3. 9.11 second month: See the note at 1.1.
  4. 9.15,16 As soon as the sacred tent was set up: According to Exodus 40.17, this took place “on the first day of the first month of the second year” of the Israelites' stay in the desert.

The Passover

The Lord spoke to Moses in the Desert of Sinai in the first month(A) of the second year after they came out of Egypt.(B) He said, “Have the Israelites celebrate the Passover(C) at the appointed time.(D) Celebrate it at the appointed time, at twilight on the fourteenth day of this month,(E) in accordance with all its rules and regulations.(F)

So Moses told the Israelites to celebrate the Passover,(G) and they did so in the Desert of Sinai(H) at twilight on the fourteenth day of the first month.(I) The Israelites did everything just as the Lord commanded Moses.(J)

But some of them could not celebrate the Passover on that day because they were ceremonially unclean(K) on account of a dead body.(L) So they came to Moses and Aaron(M) that same day and said to Moses, “We have become unclean because of a dead body, but why should we be kept from presenting the Lord’s offering with the other Israelites at the appointed time?(N)

Moses answered them, “Wait until I find out what the Lord commands concerning you.”(O)

Then the Lord said to Moses, 10 “Tell the Israelites: ‘When any of you or your descendants are unclean because of a dead body(P) or are away on a journey, they are still to celebrate(Q) the Lord’s Passover, 11 but they are to do it on the fourteenth day of the second month(R) at twilight. They are to eat the lamb, together with unleavened bread and bitter herbs.(S) 12 They must not leave any of it till morning(T) or break any of its bones.(U) When they celebrate the Passover, they must follow all the regulations.(V) 13 But if anyone who is ceremonially clean and not on a journey fails to celebrate the Passover, they must be cut off from their people(W) for not presenting the Lord’s offering at the appointed time. They will bear the consequences of their sin.

14 “‘A foreigner(X) residing among you is also to celebrate the Lord’s Passover in accordance with its rules and regulations. You must have the same regulations for both the foreigner and the native-born.’”

The Cloud Above the Tabernacle

15 On the day the tabernacle, the tent of the covenant law,(Y) was set up,(Z) the cloud(AA) covered it. From evening till morning the cloud above the tabernacle looked like fire.(AB) 16 That is how it continued to be; the cloud covered it, and at night it looked like fire.(AC) 17 Whenever the cloud lifted from above the tent, the Israelites set out;(AD) wherever the cloud settled, the Israelites encamped.(AE) 18 At the Lord’s command the Israelites set out, and at his command they encamped. As long as the cloud stayed over the tabernacle, they remained(AF) in camp. 19 When the cloud remained over the tabernacle a long time, the Israelites obeyed the Lord’s order(AG) and did not set out.(AH) 20 Sometimes the cloud was over the tabernacle only a few days; at the Lord’s command they would encamp, and then at his command they would set out. 21 Sometimes the cloud stayed only from evening till morning, and when it lifted in the morning, they set out. Whether by day or by night, whenever the cloud lifted, they set out. 22 Whether the cloud stayed over the tabernacle for two days or a month or a year, the Israelites would remain in camp and not set out; but when it lifted, they would set out. 23 At the Lord’s command they encamped, and at the Lord’s command they set out. They obeyed the Lord’s order, in accordance with his command through Moses.