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除净不洁

耶和华对摩西说: “你要吩咐以色列人,把所有患痲风病的,患漏症的,以及因接触死人而不洁的,都送出营外; 无论男女,你们都要送出去;你们要把他们送出营外,免得他们玷污自己的营,这营就是我居住的。” 以色列人就这样行了,把他们送出营外;耶和华怎样吩咐摩西,以色列人就怎样行了。

赔偿条例

耶和华对摩西说: “你要对以色列人说:无论男女,如果犯了人所犯的任何罪,以致得罪耶和华,那人就有了罪; 他(“他”直译是“他们”)要承认自己所犯的罪,把亏负人的损失,原数赔偿之外,另外加上五分之一,给予他亏负的人。 如果那人没有近亲可以把所亏负的赔偿给他,所亏负的,就要还给耶和华,就是归给祭司,此外还要献上为他赎罪的代罪公绵羊。 以色列人的一切圣物中,奉给祭司为举祭的,都要归给祭司。 10 各人所献的圣物,要归给祭司;人无论献给祭司甚么,都要归给祭司。”

疑妻不贞之试验方法与条例

11 耶和华对摩西说: 12 “你要告诉以色列人说:无论甚么人,如果他的妻子背离丈夫,对他不忠, 13 有人和她同寝,事情瞒过了丈夫,没有被查出,没有见证人指证她,犯罪时也没有被人捉住; 14 如果她的丈夫生了疑心,疑忌妻子,而妻子实在是被玷污了;又或者丈夫生了疑心,疑忌妻子,而妻子并没有被玷污, 15 这人就要把妻子带到祭司那里,又要为她带来供物,就是大麦面一公斤,不可浇上油,也不可加上乳香,因为这是疑忌的素祭,是思念的素祭,使人思念罪孽。

16 “祭司要使那妇人走进来,站在耶和华面前。 17 祭司要把圣水盛在瓦器里,又从帐幕的地面取些尘土,撒在水中。 18 祭司要使那妇人站在耶和华面前,松开她的头发,把思念的素祭,就是疑忌的素祭,放在她的手中,祭司的手里要拿着使人招致咒诅的苦水。 19 祭司要叫那妇人起誓,对她说:‘如果没有人与你同寝,作妻子时没有背弃丈夫被人玷污,你就免受这使人招致咒诅的苦水。 20 但是,如果你作妻子时背弃了丈夫,被人玷污了;如果你在你的丈夫以外,曾与别的男人同寝’, 21 这样,祭司就要叫那妇人发咒起誓,继续对她说:‘耶和华要使你的大腿消瘦,肚腹肿胀;愿耶和华叫你在你的族人中成为咒诅和起誓的话柄; 22 愿这招致咒诅的水进入你的腹中,使你的肚腹肿胀,大腿消瘦。’那妇人要说:‘阿们、阿们。’

23 “祭司要把这些咒诅的话写在卷上,又把所写的字洗在苦水里, 24 又要叫那妇人喝这招致咒诅的苦水,这招致咒诅的水要进入她里面,就引起痛苦。 25 祭司要从这妇人的手中取过那疑忌的素祭,把素祭在耶和华面前摇一摇,然后带到祭坛那里。 26 祭司要从素祭中取出一把来,作为记念,放在祭坛上焚烧,然后才叫妇人喝这水。 27 祭司叫她喝了这水以后,如果她被人玷污,对自己的丈夫不忠,这招致咒诅的水就必进入她里面,引起痛苦;她的肚腹必肿胀,大腿必消瘦;那妇人就要在她的族人中成为咒诅。 28 但是,如果这妇人没有被玷污,而是贞洁的,就不致受害,并且要怀孕生子。

29 “这是关于疑忌的律例:妻子在自己丈夫的权下,如果背离丈夫,被人玷污了; 30 或是人生了疑忌的心,疑忌自己的妻子,他就要叫那妇人站在耶和华的面前,祭司要对她执行这法例。 31 这样,男人可以免罪,妇人就要担当自己的罪孽。”

The Eternal One spoke to Moses.

Now that the arrangement of the camp, the ordering of the families, and the organization of their defenses is complete, God begins sanctifying the people. Because this camp is a holy place—a place where God has chosen to dwell among His people—purity is an obvious concern. But beyond the religious regulations, concern for cleanliness and rules for social interaction are essential because of the vast number of people traveling together. There are more than 600,000 males over the society’s average age of 20 years, and logically these men make up one-quarter of society. The laws given to the people are not simply religious instruction, but are necessary for the good morale and accompanying social concerns of such a large population, concerns such as transmission of diseases, mistreatment of individuals, and suppression of crime.

Eternal One: 2-3 Tell the Israelites to send outside of the camp anyone, male or female, who is ritually unclean and could spread it to others, namely those with skin lesions, and discharges, or who have touched a dead person. They need to stay outside of the camp in order not to ritually contaminate My dwelling place among them.

The Israelites did exactly that and sent them outside the camp, just as the Eternal told Moses.

The Eternal One continued.

Eternal One (to Moses): Tell the Israelites that sinning against each other is just like abandoning Me. All incur guilt, men and women alike. He or she must confess, then pay back in kind (if the crime is robbery, or some material offense) what he or she has cost to the wronged person and add one-fifth more. If there are no people in the wronged party’s immediate family to receive the payback, then it should go[a] to the priest along with a ram, which the guilty party shall supply as an atonement sacrifice. 9-10 The priest also gets anything an Israelite donates. Sacred gifts, anything—they then belong to the priest who receives them.

11 (continuing instructions to Moses) 12 Tell the Israelites that if a married woman sneaks off to commit adultery, 13 that is, if a man has sexual relations with her but her husband doesn’t know, even if no one can say for certain that she tarnished herself because no one saw or caught her, 14 and her husband feels suspicious and becomes jealous, whether or not she’s guilty; 15 then he should bring his wife to the priest along with the requisite offering: two quarts of barley flour. Because it’s an offering for this particular purpose, jealousy (namely, a grain offering that brings back to mind some kind of wrongdoing), he shouldn’t include any oil or incense with it.

16-19 Then the priest will set her in front of Me, mix dust from the congregation tent’s floor into a jar of holy water, and loosen her hair. He’ll make her take an oath and hold the grain offering of jealousy while he holds the curse-causing, bitter water and says, “If you are innocent of this charge, if no man had sexual relations with you, if you didn’t reject your husband’s authority and tarnish yourself; then let this bitter water have no curse on you. 20 But if you are guilty of rejecting your husband’s authority and having sexual relations with someone other than your husband,” 21 [here the priest should make the woman say the cursing-oath], “then may the Eternal One make your name a shunning reproach, an insult or a warning among the people, because you will have a miscarriage[b] and your belly will swell. 22 If you are guilty, may this curse-causing water run through your bowels, make your belly swell, and your womb miscarry.” And the woman shall say, “Amen. Let it be so.”

23 The priest will write these curses on a scroll and wash the words into the bitter water. 24 He’ll then make the woman drink the bitter water that will run right through her, causing terrible pain. 25 The priest will take the barley-flour jealousy offering that she was holding, raise it up high before the Me, bring it to the altar, 26 burn a handful (a memorial portion) of it into smoke on the altar, and then make the woman drink the water. 27 The effect (much pain with her belly swelling and her womb miscarrying) or lack thereof will show whether or not she’s guilty of marital unfaithfulness. If guilty, her name will be a curse among the Israelites. 28 If innocent and pure, she’ll be free from the water’s effects and still be able to have children.

This judgment ritual is a mixture of dust or ash and water to bring objectivity to the accusation of adultery on a wife. The result is either clearing her name or confirming the claim against her. The administration is reserved for the priest, and the results are final.

Eternal One: 29 This is what should be done in a jealousy case, when a woman is rejecting her husband’s authority and sleeping with other men, 30 or simply if her husband gets jealous and suspicious of her. The husband will bring her before Me, and the priest will enact this law. 31 The man shall not be charged with anything or considered to have done wrong; the woman must deal with the consequences of her behavior.

Footnotes

  1. 5:8 Hebrew manuscripts add, “to the Eternal One.”
  2. 5:21 Literally, thigh to fall away

And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying,

Command the children of Israel, that they put out of the camp every leper, and every one that hath an issue, and whosoever is defiled by the dead:

Both male and female shall ye put out, without the camp shall ye put them; that they defile not their camps, in the midst whereof I dwell.

And the children of Israel did so, and put them out without the camp: as the Lord spake unto Moses, so did the children of Israel.

And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying,

Speak unto the children of Israel, When a man or woman shall commit any sin that men commit, to do a trespass against the Lord, and that person be guilty;

Then they shall confess their sin which they have done: and he shall recompense his trespass with the principal thereof, and add unto it the fifth part thereof, and give it unto him against whom he hath trespassed.

But if the man have no kinsman to recompense the trespass unto, let the trespass be recompensed unto the Lord, even to the priest; beside the ram of the atonement, whereby an atonement shall be made for him.

And every offering of all the holy things of the children of Israel, which they bring unto the priest, shall be his.

10 And every man's hallowed things shall be his: whatsoever any man giveth the priest, it shall be his.

11 And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying,

12 Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, If any man's wife go aside, and commit a trespass against him,

13 And a man lie with her carnally, and it be hid from the eyes of her husband, and be kept close, and she be defiled, and there be no witness against her, neither she be taken with the manner;

14 And the spirit of jealousy come upon him, and he be jealous of his wife, and she be defiled: or if the spirit of jealousy come upon him, and he be jealous of his wife, and she be not defiled:

15 Then shall the man bring his wife unto the priest, and he shall bring her offering for her, the tenth part of an ephah of barley meal; he shall pour no oil upon it, nor put frankincense thereon; for it is an offering of jealousy, an offering of memorial, bringing iniquity to remembrance.

16 And the priest shall bring her near, and set her before the Lord:

17 And the priest shall take holy water in an earthen vessel; and of the dust that is in the floor of the tabernacle the priest shall take, and put it into the water:

18 And the priest shall set the woman before the Lord, and uncover the woman's head, and put the offering of memorial in her hands, which is the jealousy offering: and the priest shall have in his hand the bitter water that causeth the curse:

19 And the priest shall charge her by an oath, and say unto the woman, If no man have lain with thee, and if thou hast not gone aside to uncleanness with another instead of thy husband, be thou free from this bitter water that causeth the curse:

20 But if thou hast gone aside to another instead of thy husband, and if thou be defiled, and some man have lain with thee beside thine husband:

21 Then the priest shall charge the woman with an oath of cursing, and the priest shall say unto the woman, The Lord make thee a curse and an oath among thy people, when the Lord doth make thy thigh to rot, and thy belly to swell;

22 And this water that causeth the curse shall go into thy bowels, to make thy belly to swell, and thy thigh to rot: And the woman shall say, Amen, amen.

23 And the priest shall write these curses in a book, and he shall blot them out with the bitter water:

24 And he shall cause the woman to drink the bitter water that causeth the curse: and the water that causeth the curse shall enter into her, and become bitter.

25 Then the priest shall take the jealousy offering out of the woman's hand, and shall wave the offering before the Lord, and offer it upon the altar:

26 And the priest shall take an handful of the offering, even the memorial thereof, and burn it upon the altar, and afterward shall cause the woman to drink the water.

27 And when he hath made her to drink the water, then it shall come to pass, that, if she be defiled, and have done trespass against her husband, that the water that causeth the curse shall enter into her, and become bitter, and her belly shall swell, and her thigh shall rot: and the woman shall be a curse among her people.

28 And if the woman be not defiled, but be clean; then she shall be free, and shall conceive seed.

29 This is the law of jealousies, when a wife goeth aside to another instead of her husband, and is defiled;

30 Or when the spirit of jealousy cometh upon him, and he be jealous over his wife, and shall set the woman before the Lord, and the priest shall execute upon her all this law.

31 Then shall the man be guiltless from iniquity, and this woman shall bear her iniquity.