示巴女王拜訪所羅門

示巴女王聽聞所羅門的名聲,便來用難題考問他。她率領許多隨從,用駱駝馱著香料、寶石和大量的黃金到耶路撒冷晉見所羅門王,與所羅門談論她心中的疑問。 所羅門王解答了她所有的問題,沒有一樣難得住他。 示巴女王看見所羅門的智慧,又看見他建的宮殿、 席上的美味、入座的群臣、侍立一旁的僕人、他們的服裝、酒政、以及他在耶和華殿裡獻的燔祭,感到萬分驚奇。 她對所羅門王說:「我在本國聽到的有關你的功業和智慧原來都是真的。 若不是親眼目睹,我不會相信。事實上,我聽到的還不到一半!你的智慧遠超過我聽到的傳聞。 你的臣僕經常侍立在你面前聆聽智慧之言,真有福氣! 你的上帝耶和華當受稱頌!祂喜愛你,立你做王統治祂的子民。因為你的上帝愛以色列人,要使他們永遠堅立,所以立你為他們的王,使你秉公行義。」

示巴女王將四噸黃金、大量香料和寶石獻給所羅門王。再無人像示巴女王那樣獻給所羅門王那麼多香料。 10 希蘭的僕人和所羅門的僕人從俄斐運來黃金、檀香木和寶石。 11 所羅門王用這些檀香木建造耶和華的殿和王宮的階梯,又製作歌樂手的琴瑟。在猶大從來沒有見過這樣的物品。 12 所羅門王滿足了示巴女王的一切要求,回贈她的禮物超過了她帶來的。之後,女王和隨從就回示巴去了。

所羅門王的財富

13 所羅門每年收到的黃金約二十三噸, 14 此外還有商人、阿拉伯諸王和國內各總督送給他的金銀。 15 所羅門王用錘好的金子打造了二百面大盾牌,每面用七公斤金子; 16 又用錘好的金子打造了三百面小盾牌,每面用三點五公斤金子,全部放在黎巴嫩林宮。 17 王又造了一個象牙大寶座,外面用純金包裹。 18 這寶座有六級臺階,又有金腳凳與寶座相連,寶座兩旁有扶手,扶手兩邊各站著一頭獅子, 19 六級臺階上共站著十二頭獅子,每級臺階兩端各站一頭。這寶座舉世無雙。 20 所羅門王所有的杯子都是金的,黎巴嫩林宮裡所有的器皿都是純金的,沒有一件是用銀子造的,因為所羅門年間銀子不算什麼。 21 王有船隊與希蘭的僕人一起出海去他施,每三年就運回金銀、象牙、猿猴和孔雀。 22 所羅門王的財富和智慧超過天下諸王。 23 天下的君王都紛紛來朝見所羅門,聆聽上帝賜給他的智言慧語。 24 他們年年都帶來禮物,有金銀器皿、衣服、兵器、香料和騾馬。 25 所羅門有四千個安置戰車和馬匹的棚,有一萬二千名騎兵,駐紮在屯車城和他所在的耶路撒冷。 26 所羅門統管從幼發拉底河到非利士地區,遠至埃及邊境的諸王。 27 王使耶路撒冷的金銀多如石頭,使香柏木多如丘陵的無花果樹。 28 所羅門的馬匹都是從埃及和其他國家運來的。

所羅門逝世

29 所羅門一生的事蹟,自始至終都記在拿單先知的史記、示羅人亞希雅的《預言書》和易多先見論尼八的兒子耶羅波安的《啟示書》中。 30 所羅門在耶路撒冷統治以色列四十年, 31 他與祖先同眠後,葬在他父親大衛的城裡。他兒子羅波安繼位。

Dronningen af Saba besøger kong Salomon(A)

Da dronningen af Saba hørte om Salomons visdom, fik hun lyst til at udfordre ham med nogle svære spørgsmål. Hun ankom til Jerusalem med et stort følge og en lang karavane af kameler belæsset med aromatiske stoffer, ædelsten og store mængder guld. Under sit besøg hos kong Salomon stillede hun ham alle de spørgsmål, hun kunne komme i tanke om. Salomon besvarede alle hendes spørgsmål—ikke et eneste var for vanskeligt for ham. Da dronningen således personligt oplevede hans visdom og med egne øjne så det prægtige palads, den fornemme mad, de mange hoffolk, som spiste med ved bordet, tjenerne, der serverede, deres prægtige klæder, mundskænkene i deres flotte dragter, og de mange brændofre, han ofrede i Herrens hus, blev hun meget betaget og udbrød:

„Jeg er dybt imponeret! De rapporter, jeg modtog i mit eget land om din store visdom og dine bedrifter, var altså sande. Jeg troede ellers ikke på dem, men nu har jeg med mine egne øjne set meget, meget mere, end hvad jeg dengang hørte om. Din visdom overgår langt de vildeste rygter! Hvor er dine folk og tjenere heldige, at de kan lytte til din visdom hver eneste dag. Lovet være Herren, din Gud, som fandt behag i dig og satte dig til at regere over sit folk. Det er på grund af din Guds kærlighed til Israel og hans ønske om at hjælpe dem for evigt, at han gjorde dig til konge over dem, for du regerer med retfærdighed.”

Derpå forærede hun kongen 4 tons guld, store mængder aromatiske stoffer og mange ædelsten. De kostbarheder, kong Salomon fik foræret, var uden sidestykke.

10 I den forbindelse skal det nævnes, at kong Hirams og kong Salomons folk foruden at bringe guld fra Ofir også bragte store mængder kostbart træ og ædelsten. 11 Det kostbare træ brugte kongen til at lave rækværk i tempelkomplekset og i sit palads, samt til lyrer og harper. Aldrig har man set magen til i Judas land.

12 Salomon gav til gengæld dronningen af Saba alt, hvad hun bad om og kunne ønske sig, langt flere gaver, end hun var kommet med. Derpå rejste hun sammen med sit følge tilbage til sit land.

Salomons rigdom(B)

13 Hvert år udvandt kong Salomon ca. 23 tons[a] guld fra sine guldminer. 14 Dertil kom indtægter fra handelsafgifter, told og skat. De arabiske vasalkonger og landets egne guvernører bragte store mængder guld og sølv til Salomon.

15-16 Salomon fik lavet 200 store, guldbelagte skjolde, hvor der gik knap 7 kilo guld til hvert skjold, og 300 mindre skjolde, hvortil der gik 3½ kilo guld. Alle disse skjolde satte han op som udsmykning i „Libanonskovhallen”.

17 Han fik også lavet en overdådig elfenbenstrone, belagt med rent guld. 18 Seks brede trin førte op til selve tronstolen, som havde armlæn på begge sider og en fodskammel af guld. Ved hver side stod en forgyldt løve. 19 For enderne af hvert trin stod der også en forgyldt løve, så der var 12 løver i alt på tronens trappe. Intet sted i verden fandtes en trone som Salomons.

20 Alle kong Salomons drikkebægre var af rent guld, og spisestellet i „Libanonskovhallen” var også af rent guld. Intet af det var af sølv, for sølv blev ikke regnet for noget på den tid.

21 Salomon havde selv nogle store Tarshish-skibe ligesom kong Hiram. Hvert tredje år vendte disse skibe hjem med store ladninger af guld, sølv, elfenben, aber og påfugle.

22 Kong Salomon var således visere og rigere end nogen anden konge på jorden. 23 Konger fra alverdens lande søgte audiens hos ham for at få del i hans gudgivne visdom, 24 og de bragte ham år efter år fornemme gaver i form af guld- og sølvting, kostbart klæde, våben, aromatiske stoffer, heste og muldyr.

25 Endvidere havde Salomon 4000 heste[b] til sine stridsvogne og 12.000 rideheste til sine ryttere. De var fordelt i de dertil indrettede vognbyer og i selve Jerusalem. 26 Han regerede over alle kongerigerne fra Eufratfloden i nord til filistrenes land og grænsen til Egypten mod syd. 27 Salomons rigdom betød, at sølv blev lige så almindeligt et syn i Jerusalem som stenene i byens gader, og det kostbare cedertræ blev lige så almindeligt som morbærfigentræ fra de vestlige bakkeskråninger. 28 Hans heste blev importeret fra Egypten og mange andre lande.

Salomons død(C)

29 Hvad der ellers er at fortælle om Salomons regeringstid er nedskrevet i profeten Natans krønike, i Ahija af Shilos profeti og i profeten Jedos bog, som også omhandler Jeroboam, Nebats søn.

30 Han regerede over hele Israels folk i 40 år med Jerusalem som hovedstad. 31 Da han døde, blev han begravet i Davidsbyen, hvor hans far også lå begravet. Hans søn Rehabeam overtog derefter tronen.

Footnotes

  1. 9,13 På hebraisk: „666 talenter”, hvor en talent svarer til ca. 34 kg. Måske hentyder tallet 666 til faren ved at blive for optaget af jordisk rigdom.
  2. 9,25 Se noten til 1.Kong. 5,6.

Solomon’s wealth and wisdom are so well-known that other monarchs in the region come to him to receive advice and to offer gifts. Huram, king of Tyre, may give Solomon great gifts during the construction of Israel’s infrastructure, but his aid is not nearly as memorable as the gifts of the queen of Sheba, who visits from the Arabian peninsula.

The queen of Sheba entered Jerusalem with an impressive entourage and camels carrying spices, a large amount of gold, and gems. She had heard about Solomon’s famous wisdom, so she came to ask him difficult questions that addressed her personal concerns. Solomon answered these questions openly and honestly where nothing about the queen was hidden from Solomon’s knowledge. 3-4 His wisdom and frankness impressed and astonished the queen, as did the palace, the meal, the servants, the guests and their clothing, the cupbearers and their clothing, and the stairway[a] that led to the Eternal’s temple. After viewing all these things, the queen was mesmerized and breathless.

Queen of Sheba: 5-6 Although I did not believe the reports of your greatness—it seemed impossible that anyone could have your wisdom, power, and justice—your reputation as a well-spoken and wise king is justified. I have witnessed only a portion of your wisdom, yet even that portion surpasses the stories that are told about you. Those who surround you, your men and your servants, are blessed to be near you and to hear your wise musings daily. Blessed be the Eternal One your God, who favored your potential as a great ruler and placed you on His throne. He has demonstrated His love for Israel by ensuring the nation’s future with you as their just and righteous king.

The queen of Sheba gave to Solomon in recognition of his prestige 9,000 pounds of gold, vast quantities of gems, and a large amount of spices previously unknown in Israel. 10 When Solomon’s and Huram’s servants had brought gold from the land of Ophir, they also brought algum wood and costly gems. 11 Solomon had used this non-native algum wood to build the steps to the Eternal’s temple and the king’s palace and to make lyres and harps for the musicians. These were all unmatched by anything that had existed in the land of Judah.

12 Solomon gave the queen of Sheba all that she had traveled to Israel to receive, in addition to gifts equaling those that she brought to him. Contented with her visit, the queen returned home with her servants.

In addition to the gifts of Huram and the queen of Sheba, Solomon collects a substantial treasury from the gifts of other nations.

13 Annually Solomon received about 25 tons of gold 14 in addition to what the traders and merchants brought. The Arabian kings and the local governors also brought gold and silver to him.

15 Solomon used some of this metal to make weapons: 200 large shields (each weighing 7½ pounds of beaten gold) 16 and 300 small, rounded shields (each weighing 3¾ pounds of beaten gold). All the shields were stored in the house made of wood imported from Lebanon.

17 Solomon then constructed a large ivory throne and gilded it. 18-19 At the base of the throne were 6 steps and a golden footstool, and at the sides were armrests. The throne was guarded by 14 lions: one next to each armrest, and one on either side of each step. This throne was unlike any other monarch’s throne.

20 In King Solomon’s house, made of wood from Lebanon, the drinking cups and dishes were of gold (since silver was not recognized as a precious metal in Solomon’s days).

21 Both Solomon and Huram owned ships which traded with the coastal city of Tarshish every three years, bringing gold, silver, ivory, apes, and peacocks[b] into Israel. 22 All this made King Solomon richer than all other monarchs, and his wisdom was equally immeasurable. 23 All the kings of the earth wanted an audience with King Solomon, to hear the wisdom which God bestowed upon him, as the queen of Sheba had. 24 Each visitor brought gifts to Solomon every year: silver, gold, garments, weapons, spices, horses, and mules.

25 Solomon’s horses and chariots stayed in 4,000 stalls along with the 12,000 horsemen who resided with him in Jerusalem or in Israel’s other fortified cities.

26 During his reign, Solomon ruled the region between the Euphrates River in the east and to the land of the Philistines all the way to the Mediterranean Sea in the west, and southward to north of the border of Egypt. 27 He made Jerusalem so wealthy that silver was as common as stones in the rocky regions and cedars were as plentiful as sycamore trees in the lowland. 28 Solomon also imported and was given expensive horses from Egypt and from other countries.

29 The actions of King Solomon, from his birth until his death, are recorded in the chronicles of Nathan the prophet, in the prophecies of Ahijah the Shilonite, and in the visions of Iddo the seer (specifically those concerning Jeroboam, son of Nebat).

30 Solomon’s rule over all Israel lasted 40 years—during which time he governed from his capital city, Jerusalem. 31 And after he joined with his ancestors in death and was laid with his father, our beloved King David, in Jerusalem, Solomon’s son Rehoboam ruled Israel in his place.

Footnotes

  1. 9:3-4 Difficult text; another possible reading, “roof chamber.”
  2. 9:21 Difficult reading; possibly “baboons” or “monkeys.”