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King Josiah of Judah

(2 Kings 22.1,2)

34 (A) Josiah was 8 years old when he became king of Judah, and he ruled 31 years from Jerusalem. He followed the example of his ancestor David and always obeyed the Lord.

Josiah Stops the Worship of Foreign Gods

(2 Kings 23.4-20)

When Josiah was only 16 years old he began worshiping God, just as his ancestor David had done. Then, 4 years later, he decided to destroy the local shrines[a] in Judah and Jerusalem, as well as the sacred poles[b] for worshiping the goddess Asherah and the idols of foreign gods. (B) He watched as the altars for the worship of the god Baal were torn down, and as the nearby incense altars were smashed. The Asherah poles, the idols, and the stone images were also smashed, and the pieces were scattered over the graves of their worshipers. (C) Josiah then had the bones of the pagan priests burned on the altars.[c]

And so Josiah got rid of the worship of foreign gods in Judah and Jerusalem. He did the same things in the towns and ruined villages[d] in the territories of West Manasseh, Ephraim, and Simeon, as far as the border of Naphtali. Everywhere in the northern kingdom of Israel, Josiah tore down pagan altars and Asherah poles; he crushed idols to dust and smashed incense altars.

Then Josiah went back to Jerusalem.

Hilkiah Finds The Book of God's Law

(2 Kings 22.3-20)

In the eighteenth year of Josiah's rule in Judah, after he had removed all the sinful things from the land and from the Lord's temple, he sent three of his officials to repair the temple. They were Shaphan son of Azaliah, Governor Maaseiah of Jerusalem, and Joah son of Joahaz, who kept the government records.

These three men went to Hilkiah the high priest. They gave him the money that the Levite guards had collected from the people of West Manasseh, Ephraim, and the rest of Israel, as well as those living in Judah, Benjamin, and Jerusalem. 10 Then the money was turned over to the men who supervised the repairs to the temple. They used some of it to pay the workers, 11 and they gave the rest of it to the carpenters and builders, who used it to buy the stone and wood they needed to repair the other buildings that Judah's kings had not taken care of.

12 The workers were honest, and their supervisors were Jahath and Obadiah from the Levite clan of Merari, and Zechariah and Meshullam from the Levite clan of Kohath. Other Levites, who were all skilled musicians, 13 were in charge of carrying supplies and supervising the workers. Other Levites were appointed to stand guard around the temple.

14 While the money was being given to these supervisors, Hilkiah found the book that contained the laws that the Lord had given to Moses. 15 Hilkiah handed the book to Shaphan the official and said, “Look what I found here in the temple—The Book of God's Law.”

16 Shaphan took the book to Josiah and reported, “Your officials are doing everything you wanted. 17 They have collected the money from the temple and have given it to the men supervising the repairs. 18 But there's something else, Your Majesty. The priest Hilkiah gave me this book.” Then Shaphan read it aloud.

19 When Josiah heard what was in The Book of God's Law, he tore his clothes in sorrow. 20 At once he called together Hilkiah, Shaphan, Ahikam son of Shaphan, Abdon son of Micah,[e] and his own servant Asaiah. He said, 21 “The Lord must be furious with me and everyone else in Israel and Judah, because our ancestors did not obey the laws written in this book. Go find out what the Lord wants us to do.”

22 Hilkiah and the four other men left at once and went to talk with Huldah the prophet. Her husband was Shallum,[f] who was in charge of the king's clothes. Huldah lived in the northern part of Jerusalem, and when they met in her home, 23 she said:

You were sent here by King Josiah, and this is what the Lord God of Israel says to him: 24 “Josiah, I am the Lord! And I intend to punish this country and everyone in it, just as this book says. 25 The people of Judah and Israel have rejected me. They have offered sacrifices to foreign gods and have worshiped their own idols. I can't stand it any longer. I am furious.

26-27 “Josiah, listen to what I am going to do. I noticed how sad you were when you heard that this country and its people would be completely wiped out. You even tore your clothes in sorrow, and I heard you cry. 28 So before I destroy this place, I will let you die in peace.”

The men left and reported to Josiah what Huldah had said.

Josiah Reads The Book of God's Law

(2 Kings 23.1-3)

29 King Josiah called together the leaders of Judah and Jerusalem. 30 Then he went to the Lord's temple, together with all the people of Judah and Jerusalem, the priests, and the Levites.

Finally, when everybody was there, he read aloud The Book of God's Law[g] that had been found in the temple.

31 After Josiah had finished reading, he stood in the place reserved for the king. He promised in the Lord's name to faithfully obey the Lord and to follow his laws and teachings that were written in the book. 32 Then he asked the people of Jerusalem and Benjamin to make that same promise and to obey the God their ancestors had worshiped.

33 Josiah destroyed all the idols in the territories of Israel, and he commanded everyone in Israel to worship only the Lord God. The people did not turn away from the Lord God of their ancestors for the rest of Josiah's rule as king.

Footnotes

  1. 34.3 local shrines: See the note at 11.15.
  2. 34.3 sacred poles: See the note at 14.3.
  3. 34.5 the bones of the pagan priests burned on the altars: This made the altars unclean, so that they could not be used in worshiping any god.
  4. 34.6 ruined villages: One possible meaning for the difficult Hebrew text.
  5. 34.20 Abdon son of Micah: Also called “Achbor son of Micaiah” (see 2 Kings 22.12).
  6. 34.22 Shallum: Hebrew “Shallum son of Tokhath son of Hasrah.”
  7. 34.30 The Book of God's Law: The Hebrew text has “The Book of God's Agreement,” which is the same as “The Book of God's Law” in verses 15 and 19. In traditional translations this is called “The Book of the Covenant.”

Reinado de Josías(A)

34 Josías tenía ocho años cuando comenzó a reinar, y reinó en Jerusalén durante treinta y un años. Los hechos de Josías fueron rectos a los ojos del Señor, pues siguió la conducta de David, su antepasado, sin desviarse de ella para nada.

Reformas de Josías

En el octavo año de su reinado, siendo todavía joven, Josías empezó a buscar al Dios de su antepasado David. Y en el año doce de su reinado comenzó a purificar a Judá y Jerusalén de los santuarios en lugares altos, las imágenes de Aserá, los ídolos y las estatuas de metal fundido, y fueron destruidos en su presencia los altares de las diversas representaciones de Baal. Además, Josías mandó destrozar los altares para incienso que había encima. También mandó hacer pedazos las imágenes de Aserá, los ídolos y las estatuas de metal fundido; los hizo polvo, que luego esparció sobre las tumbas de quienes les habían ofrecido sacrificios. Además quemó los huesos de los sacerdotes sobre sus altares, y así purificó a Judá y Jerusalén. Hizo lo mismo en las ciudades de Manasés, Efraín y Simeón, y hasta Neftalí, en las plazas de todas sus ciudades. Derribó los altares, las imágenes de Aserá y los ídolos, haciéndolos polvo, y destruyó todos los altares para incienso en todo el territorio de Israel. Después regresó a Jerusalén.

Se encuentra el libro de la ley(B)

En el año dieciocho de su reinado, después de haber purificado el país y el templo, envió a Safán, hijo de Asalías, a Amasías, alcalde de la ciudad, y a su secretario Joah, hijo de Joacaz, a reparar el templo del Señor su Dios. Entonces éstos fueron a ver al sumo sacerdote Hilquías y le entregaron el dinero que había sido llevado al templo de Dios y que los levitas porteros habían recogido en Manasés y Efraín, de la gente que había quedado en Israel, lo mismo que de todo Judá y Benjamín y de los habitantes de Jerusalén. 10 Luego se lo entregaron a los encargados de las obras del templo del Señor, para que ellos a su vez pagaran a los que trabajaban en la reparación del templo. 11 Entregaron el dinero a los carpinteros y maestros de obras, para que compraran piedras de cantería y madera para los amarres y para poner vigas a los edificios que los reyes de Judá habían dejado derruir.

12-13 Estos hombres hacían su trabajo fielmente, y los que estaban al frente de ellos eran los levitas Jáhat y Abdías, descendientes de Merarí, y Zacarías y Mesulam, descendientes de Quehat, que eran los jefes. Ellos estaban también al frente de los cargueros, y dirigían a todos los que trabajaban en la obra. Todos los levitas eran músicos, y algunos de ellos eran cronistas, comisarios o porteros.

14 Cuando sacaban el dinero que había sido llevado al templo del Señor, el sacerdote Hilquías encontró el libro de la ley del Señor, dada por medio de Moisés. 15 En seguida le contó a Safán, el cronista, que había encontrado el libro de la ley en el templo del Señor; y le entregó el libro a Safán, 16 quien lo llevó al rey y le informó del asunto, diciéndole:

—Los servidores de Su Majestad están haciendo todo lo que se les encargó. 17 Han fundido la plata que había en el templo, y la han entregado a los que dirigen las obras y a los encargados de estas.

18 También informó Safán al rey de que el sacerdote Hilquías le había entregado un libro; y lo leyó Safán al rey. 19 Al escuchar el rey lo que decía el libro de la ley, se rasgó la ropa, 20 y en seguida ordenó a Hilquías, a Ahicam, hijo de Safán, a Abdón, hijo de Micaías, a Safán, el cronista, y a Asaías, oficial del rey:

21 —Vayan a consultar al Señor por mí y por la gente que queda en Israel y en Judá, en cuanto al contenido de este libro que se ha encontrado; pues el Señor debe estar muy furioso con nosotros, ya que nuestros antepasados no prestaron atención a lo que dijo el Señor, ni pusieron en práctica todo lo que está escrito en este libro.

22 Hilquías y los que el rey nombró fueron a ver a la profetisa Huldá, esposa de Salum, hijo de Ticvá y nieto de Harhás, encargado del guardarropa del templo. Huldá vivía en el Segundo Barrio de Jerusalén, y cuando le hablaron, 23 ella les contestó:

—Ésta es la respuesta del Señor, Dios de Israel: “Díganle a la persona que los ha enviado a consultarme, 24 que yo, el Señor, digo: Voy a acarrear un desastre sobre este lugar y sobre sus habitantes, conforme a todas las maldiciones que están escritas en el libro que han leído delante del rey de Judá. 25 Pues me han abandonado y han quemado incienso a otros dioses, provocando mi irritación con todas sus prácticas; por eso se ha encendido mi ira contra este lugar, y no se apagará. 26 Díganle, pues, al rey de Judá, que los ha enviado a consultar al Señor, que el Señor, el Dios de Israel, dice también: Por haber prestado atención a lo que has oído, 27 y porque te has conmovido y sometido a mí al escuchar mi declaración contra este lugar y sus habitantes, por haberte humillado ante mí, haberte rasgado la ropa y haber llorado ante mí, yo también por mi parte te he escuchado. Yo, el Señor, te lo digo. 28 Yo te concederé morir en paz y reunirte con tus antepasados, sin que llegues a ver el desastre que voy a acarrear sobre este lugar y sobre sus habitantes.”

Los enviados del rey regresaron para llevarle a éste la respuesta. 29 Entonces el rey mandó llamar a todos los ancianos de Judá y Jerusalén, para que se reunieran. 30 Luego el rey y todos los hombres de Judá y los habitantes de Jerusalén, y los sacerdotes, los levitas y la nación entera, desde el más pequeño hasta el más grande, fueron al templo del Señor. Allí el rey les leyó en voz alta todo lo que decía el libro de la alianza que había sido encontrado en el templo del Señor. 31 Luego el rey se puso de pie junto a su columna, y se comprometió ante el Señor a obedecerle, a poner en práctica fielmente y con toda sinceridad sus mandamientos, mandatos y leyes, y a cumplir las condiciones de la alianza que estaban escritas en el libro. 32 Después hizo que toda la gente de Jerusalén y de Benjamín que se encontraba allí se comprometiera a cumplirla. Y los habitantes de Jerusalén cumplieron la alianza de Dios, el Dios de sus antepasados. 33 Josías suprimió las infames prácticas que había en todos los territorios de los israelitas, e hizo que todos los que se encontraban en Israel dieran culto al Señor su Dios. Y mientras él vivió, no se apartaron del Señor, Dios de sus antepasados.

Josiah’s Reforms(A)(B)(C)

34 Josiah(D) was eight years old when he became king,(E) and he reigned in Jerusalem thirty-one years. He did what was right in the eyes of the Lord and followed the ways of his father David,(F) not turning aside to the right or to the left.

In the eighth year of his reign, while he was still young, he began to seek the God(G) of his father David. In his twelfth year he began to purge Judah and Jerusalem of high places, Asherah poles and idols. Under his direction the altars of the Baals were torn down; he cut to pieces the incense altars that were above them, and smashed the Asherah poles(H) and the idols. These he broke to pieces and scattered over the graves of those who had sacrificed to them.(I) He burned(J) the bones of the priests on their altars, and so he purged Judah and Jerusalem. In the towns of Manasseh, Ephraim and Simeon, as far as Naphtali, and in the ruins around them, he tore down the altars and the Asherah poles and crushed the idols to powder(K) and cut to pieces all the incense altars throughout Israel. Then he went back to Jerusalem.

In the eighteenth year of Josiah’s reign, to purify the land and the temple, he sent Shaphan son of Azaliah and Maaseiah the ruler of the city, with Joah son of Joahaz, the recorder, to repair the temple of the Lord his God.

They went to Hilkiah(L) the high priest and gave him the money that had been brought into the temple of God, which the Levites who were the gatekeepers had collected from the people of Manasseh, Ephraim and the entire remnant of Israel and from all the people of Judah and Benjamin and the inhabitants of Jerusalem. 10 Then they entrusted it to the men appointed to supervise the work on the Lord’s temple. These men paid the workers who repaired and restored the temple. 11 They also gave money(M) to the carpenters and builders to purchase dressed stone, and timber for joists and beams for the buildings that the kings of Judah had allowed to fall into ruin.(N)

12 The workers labored faithfully.(O) Over them to direct them were Jahath and Obadiah, Levites descended from Merari, and Zechariah and Meshullam, descended from Kohath. The Levites—all who were skilled in playing musical instruments—(P) 13 had charge of the laborers(Q) and supervised all the workers from job to job. Some of the Levites were secretaries, scribes and gatekeepers.

The Book of the Law Found(R)(S)

14 While they were bringing out the money that had been taken into the temple of the Lord, Hilkiah the priest found the Book of the Law of the Lord that had been given through Moses. 15 Hilkiah said to Shaphan the secretary, “I have found the Book of the Law(T) in the temple of the Lord.” He gave it to Shaphan.

16 Then Shaphan took the book to the king and reported to him: “Your officials are doing everything that has been committed to them. 17 They have paid out the money that was in the temple of the Lord and have entrusted it to the supervisors and workers.” 18 Then Shaphan the secretary informed the king, “Hilkiah the priest has given me a book.” And Shaphan read from it in the presence of the king.

19 When the king heard the words of the Law,(U) he tore(V) his robes. 20 He gave these orders to Hilkiah, Ahikam son of Shaphan(W), Abdon son of Micah,[a] Shaphan the secretary and Asaiah the king’s attendant: 21 “Go and inquire of the Lord for me and for the remnant in Israel and Judah about what is written in this book that has been found. Great is the Lord’s anger that is poured out(X) on us because those who have gone before us have not kept the word of the Lord; they have not acted in accordance with all that is written in this book.”

22 Hilkiah and those the king had sent with him[b] went to speak to the prophet(Y) Huldah, who was the wife of Shallum son of Tokhath,[c] the son of Hasrah,[d] keeper of the wardrobe. She lived in Jerusalem, in the New Quarter.

23 She said to them, “This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: Tell the man who sent you to me, 24 ‘This is what the Lord says: I am going to bring disaster(Z) on this place and its people(AA)—all the curses(AB) written in the book that has been read in the presence of the king of Judah. 25 Because they have forsaken me(AC) and burned incense to other gods and aroused my anger by all that their hands have made,[e] my anger will be poured out on this place and will not be quenched.’ 26 Tell the king of Judah, who sent you to inquire of the Lord, ‘This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says concerning the words you heard: 27 Because your heart was responsive(AD) and you humbled(AE) yourself before God when you heard what he spoke against this place and its people, and because you humbled yourself before me and tore your robes and wept in my presence, I have heard you, declares the Lord. 28 Now I will gather you to your ancestors,(AF) and you will be buried in peace. Your eyes will not see all the disaster I am going to bring on this place and on those who live here.’”(AG)

So they took her answer back to the king.

29 Then the king called together all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem. 30 He went up to the temple of the Lord(AH) with the people of Judah, the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the priests and the Levites—all the people from the least to the greatest. He read in their hearing all the words of the Book of the Covenant, which had been found in the temple of the Lord. 31 The king stood by his pillar(AI) and renewed the covenant(AJ) in the presence of the Lord—to follow(AK) the Lord and keep his commands, statutes and decrees with all his heart and all his soul, and to obey the words of the covenant written in this book.

32 Then he had everyone in Jerusalem and Benjamin pledge themselves to it; the people of Jerusalem did this in accordance with the covenant of God, the God of their ancestors.

33 Josiah removed all the detestable(AL) idols from all the territory belonging to the Israelites, and he had all who were present in Israel serve the Lord their God. As long as he lived, they did not fail to follow the Lord, the God of their ancestors.

Footnotes

  1. 2 Chronicles 34:20 Also called Akbor son of Micaiah
  2. 2 Chronicles 34:22 One Hebrew manuscript, Vulgate and Syriac; most Hebrew manuscripts do not have had sent with him.
  3. 2 Chronicles 34:22 Also called Tikvah
  4. 2 Chronicles 34:22 Also called Harhas
  5. 2 Chronicles 34:25 Or by everything they have done