Footnotes

1. 1 Chronicles 2:1 tn The groupings in the list that follows, as well as the conjunctions (vav-consecutives in Hebrew), reflect those of the Hebrew text.
2. 1 Chronicles 2:3 tn The name means “daughter of Shua.” Shua is identified in Gen 38:2 as a “Canaanite man.”
3. 1 Chronicles 2:3 tn Heb “was evil in the eyes of the Lord, so he [i.e., the Lord] killed him [i.e., Er].”
4. 1 Chronicles 2:4 tn Heb “his”; the referent (Judah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
5. 1 Chronicles 2:6 tc Many medieval Hebrew mss, some LXX mss, and Syriac read “Darda” (see 1 Kgs 4:31 ET = 1 Kgs 5:11 HT).
6. 1 Chronicles 2:7 tn Heb “sons.” The Hebrew text has the plural, but only one son is listed.
7. 1 Chronicles 2:7 tc The Hebrew text has “Achar,” which means “disaster,” but a few medieval Hebrew mss read “Achan.” See Josh 7:1.
8. 1 Chronicles 2:7 tn Heb “the troubler of Israel who was unfaithful with respect to the devoted [things].”
9. 1 Chronicles 2:8 tn Heb “sons.” The Hebrew text has the plural, but only one son is listed.
10. 1 Chronicles 2:9 tn The Hebrew text has “Celubai,” but see v. 18, where Caleb is described as the son of Hezron.
11. 1 Chronicles 2:11 tc The LXX reads “Salmon” (cf. Ruth 4:21) and is followed by some English versions (e.g., NIV, NCV, TEV, NLT).
12. 1 Chronicles 2:16 tn In 2 Sam 2:18 this name appears as “Abishai,” a spelling followed by many English versions here.
13. 1 Chronicles 2:18 tn Heb “and Caleb son of Hezron fathered [children] with Azubah, a wife, and with Jerioth.” Jerioth could be viewed as a second wife (so NLT; cf. also NASB, NIV, NRSV), but the following context mentions only “her [presumably Azubah’s] sons.” Another option, the one chosen in the translation, is that Jerioth is another name for Azubah.
14. 1 Chronicles 2:19 tn Heb “took for himself.”
15. 1 Chronicles 2:21 sn This means “later” in relation to the births of the three sons (Jerahmeel, Ram and Caleb) mentioned in v. 9.
16. 1 Chronicles 2:21 tn The expression בּוֹא אֶל (boʾ ʾel) means “come to” or “approach,” but is also used as a euphemism for sexual relations.
17. 1 Chronicles 2:21 tn Heb “he took,” referring to taking in marriage.
18. 1 Chronicles 2:23 tn Or “Havvoth Jair” (NIV, NRSV). Some translations do not translate the phrase (“havvoth” = “the towns of”), but treat it as part of the place name.
19. 1 Chronicles 2:24 tc Heb “And after the death of Hezron in Caleb Ephrathah, and the wife of Hezron, Abijah, and she bore to him Ashhur the father of Tekoa.” The translations assumes three diferences from the MT. 1) Where the MT preserves only the preposition ב (bet, “in”), the NET agrees with the text behind the LXX and Vulgate in reading בָּא ב (baʾ b-, “went to”). Caleb is thus the subject of the verb rather than an otherwise unattested place name, and Ephrath(a) is a reference to his wife (see vv. 19 and 50). A directional he on the end of Ephratha would be unusual on a personal name but the he also appears in v. 50 where it cannot be a directional he. Also the phrase בָּא ב is viewed as a euphemism for sexual relations, rather than a description of entering the town of Ephrath (or Bethlehem). 2) The ו (vav, “and”) is not read before “wife of Hezron.” 3) A ו (vav) is restored after אֲבִיָּה (ʾaviyyah, “Abijah”) to make אָבִיהוּ (ʾavihu, “his father”). This less common form of the noun with the suffix also occurs in 1 Chron 26:10 and 2 Chron 3:1. Thus “the wife of Hezron his father” is a descriptor of Caleb’s second wife, Ephrath. Some translations follow the MT on the first point to make Abijah the subject of the following verb as in “after Hezron died in Caleb Ephrathah, Abijah, Hezron’s wife, bore to him Ashhur, the father of Tekoa” (cf. NASB, NIV, NRSV). However, the preterite verb form cannot properly be preceded by its subject in this fashion. One would need to suppose that the phrase “and the wife of Hezron, Abijah” is not appositional but rather a parenthetic clause “and the wife of Hezron was Abijah.” R. Braun (1 Samuel [WBC], 40) is favorable to the idea that “the name of Hezron’s wife represents a misplaced gloss on v 21” (citing Williamson, JBL 98, 355). In the reading adopted here, this would mean that Caleb’s second wife, Ephrath, had actually been his late father’s wife (probably Caleb’s stepmother). Perhaps the text was subsequently altered because Caleb’s actions appeared improper in light of the injunctions in Lev 18:8; 20:11; Deut 22:30; 27:20 (which probably refer, however, to a son having sexual relations with his stepmother while his father is still alive).
20. 1 Chronicles 2:31 tn Heb “sons.” The Hebrew text has the plural “sons” in all three instances in this verse, even though the following lists have only one name each.
21. 1 Chronicles 2:42 tc Heb “and the sons of Mareshah,” but this does not fit contextually. Perhaps the text originally had וּבְנוֹ מִשְׁנֶה מָרֵשָׁה (uv^eno mishneh mareshah, “and his second son, Mareshah”), with מִשְׁנֶה (“second”) later accidentally falling out by homoioteleuton (cf. the note in BHS here).
22. 1 Chronicles 2:46 sn See the note on the word “concubine” in 1:32.
23. 1 Chronicles 2:50 tn Heb “son.” The Hebrew text has the singular, but the following list contains more than one name.
24. 1 Chronicles 2:50 tn The Hebrew text reads “Ephrathah” here, but see v. 19, which mentions “Ephrath” as the wife of Caleb and mother of Hur.
25. 1 Chronicles 2:52 tn The Hebrew text has “Menuchites” here, but v. 54 has “Manachathites.”
26. 1 Chronicles 2:53 tn Heb “from these went forth the Zorathites and Eshtaolites.”
27. 1 Chronicles 2:55 tn Or perhaps “the Sopherim.” The NAB transliterates this term and treats it as a proper name.
28. 1 Chronicles 2:55 tn Heb “came.”
29. 1 Chronicles 2:55 tn Or (if בֵּית [beth] is translated as “house” rather than considered to be part of the name) “the father of the house [i.e., family] of Rechab.”