撒母耳记下 23
Chinese New Version (Traditional)
大衛的遺言
23 以下是大衛末了的話：
“耶西的兒子大衛的宣告，
被高舉的人的宣告。
大衛是雅各的 神所膏立的，
是以色列美妙的詩人。
2 耶和華的靈藉著我說話，
他的話在我的舌頭上。
3 以色列的 神說，
以色列的磐石告訴我：
那以公義統治人的，
那存敬畏 神的心施行統治的，
4 他必像旭日昇起的光芒，
像無雲的早晨，
像雨後的晴朗，
使地長出綠草。
5 我的家在 神面前不是這樣嗎？
他與我立了永遠的約；
這約安排了一切，穩固妥當。
我的一切救恩、一切願望，
他不都成全嗎？
6 流氓卻像荊棘被丟棄，
人不敢用手拿它。
7 人要碰它，
必須帶備鐵器和槍桿，
他們要在原地被火徹底燒毀。”
大衛的勇士(A)
8 以下是大衛勇士的名字：他革捫人約設．巴設，是軍官（“軍官”或譯：“三勇士”）的首領，又稱為伊斯尼人亞底挪。他曾在一次戰役中殺死了八百人。
9 其次是亞合人朵多的兒子以利亞撒。從前非利士人在巴斯達閔聚集要爭戰，與大衛一同去向他們罵陣的三個勇士，其中之一就是以利亞撒；那時以色列人向上撤退， 10 他卻起來，擊殺非利士人，直到他的手疲乏無力，緊貼在刀把上。那一天耶和華使以色列人獲得了大勝利。眾人轉到以利亞撒後面，只顧剝奪死者的財物。
11 再其次是哈拉人亞基的兒子沙瑪。非利士人聚集在利希，那裡有一塊田地長滿了紅豆，眾人都從非利士人面前逃走。 12 沙瑪卻在那塊田中間站穩腳步，保護了那塊田，又擊殺了非利士人。耶和華又使以色列人獲得了大勝利。
13 收割的時候，三十個首領中有三個人下到亞杜蘭洞那裡去見大衛；有一隊非利士人在利乏音谷安營。 14 那時大衛在山寨中，非利士人的駐軍卻在伯利恆。 15 大衛渴望說：“但願有人把伯利恆城門旁邊井裡的水拿來給我喝！” 16 那三個勇士就闖過非利士人的營地，從伯利恆城門旁邊的井裡打水，把水取上來，帶到大衛那裡。大衛不肯喝，卻把水澆奠在耶和華面前。 17 大衛說：“耶和華啊！我絕對不可作這事。這三個人冒著生命危險去打水，這水不是他們的血嗎？”因此大衛不肯喝那水。這些是那三個勇士所作的事。
18 洗魯雅的兒子約押的兄弟亞比篩是三十勇士（按照《馬索拉文本》，“三十勇士”作“三勇士”；現參照其他抄本和《敘利亞譯本》翻譯）的首領。他曾揮舞矛槍殺死了三百人，因此他與“三勇士”齊名。 19 他的榮譽比那“三十勇士”高（《馬索拉文本》作“他不是在‘三勇士’中最尊貴嗎？”；現參照《七十士譯本》翻譯），所以成為他們的領袖；不過，卻不及“三勇士”。
20 甲薛人耶何耶大的兒子比拿雅，是一個力氣很大的人，作過許多大事。他曾經擊殺了摩押人的兩個勇將；又在下雪的時候，下到坑裡去擊殺了一隻獅子。 21 他還擊殺了一個體格高大的埃及人。這埃及人手裡有矛，比拿雅只拿著棍子下去與他對抗；結果他把埃及人手中的矛槍奪了過來，用那矛槍殺死他。 22 這些是耶何耶大的兒子比拿雅所作的事。他與“三勇士”齊名。 23 他的榮譽比那“三十勇士”高，不過，卻不及“三勇士”。大衛立他作侍衛長。
24 三十個勇士中有約押的兄弟亞撒黑、伯利恆人朵多的兒子伊勒哈難、 25 哈律人沙瑪、哈律人以利加、 26 帕勒提人希利斯、提哥亞人益吉的兒子以拉、 27 亞拿突人亞比以謝、戶沙人米本乃、 28 亞合人撒門、尼陀法人瑪哈萊、 29 尼陀法人巴拿的兒子希立、便雅憫子孫基比亞人利拜的兒子以太、 30 比拉頓人比拿雅、迦實溪人希太、 31 伯．亞拉巴人亞比亞本、巴魯米人押斯瑪弗、 32 沙本人以利雅哈巴、雅善的兒子約拿單、 33 哈拉人沙瑪、哈拉人沙拉的兒子亞希暗、 34 瑪迦人亞哈拜的兒子以利法列、基羅人亞希多弗的兒子以連、 35 迦密人希斯萊、亞巴人帕萊、 36 瑣巴人拿單的兒子以申、迦得人巴尼、 37 亞捫人洗勒、比錄人拿哈萊（拿哈萊是給洗魯雅的兒子約押拿兵器的）、 38 以帖人以拉、以帖人迦立、 39 赫人烏利亞，共有三十七人。
撒母耳记下 23
Chinese Contemporary Bible (Simplified)
大卫的遗言
23 耶西的儿子大卫是雅各的上帝膏立的王，他身居高位，在以色列能歌善咏。以下是他的遗言：
2 “耶和华的灵借着我说话，
祂的言语在我口中。
3 以色列的上帝告诉我，
以色列的磐石对我说，
‘以公义治理人民，
敬畏上帝的君王，
4 就像黎明的曙光、
晴朗的早晨，
又像雨后的光辉，
使大地长出青草。’
5 我的家在上帝面前不正是如此吗？
上帝与我立下永远的约，
这约稳妥可靠。
祂必拯救我，成全我的愿望。
6 但恶人要像荆棘一样被丢弃，
没人用手碰他们，
7 人要拿铁器和长矛把他们收集起来焚毁。”
大卫的勇士
8 以下是大卫的勇士：他革扪人约设·巴设，又称伊斯尼人亚底挪，是三勇士之首，曾在一场交战中杀掉八百敌人。
9 其次是亚合人朵多的儿子以利亚撒，他是三勇士之一。有一次，以色列人和非利士人打仗，他跟随大卫向非利士人骂阵。以色列军队都撤退了， 10 他却坚守阵地，奋勇杀敌，直到手臂发麻，握刀的手无法松开。那天，耶和华使以色列人大获全胜。以色列军队回到以利亚撒那里来捡死人的财物。 11 第三位勇士是哈拉人亚基的儿子沙玛。有一次非利士人聚集在一块长满扁豆的田中和以色列人打仗，以色列人都逃跑了， 12 沙玛却站在田中间击杀敌人，保卫了那块田。那次，耶和华使以色列人大获全胜。
13 在收割的时候，非利士军兵在利乏音谷扎营，三十勇士中的三位到亚杜兰洞见大卫。 14 那时大卫留守在堡垒里，非利士人的驻军在伯利恒。 15 大卫渴了，说：“真想喝一些伯利恒城门旁的井水！” 16 这三位勇士就冲过非利士人的营地，到伯利恒城门旁的井打水，带回来给大卫。大卫却不肯喝，他把水浇奠在耶和华面前， 17 说：“耶和华啊！这三人冒死去打水，这些水就像是他们的血，我决不能喝！”因此，大卫不肯喝。这是三勇士的事迹。
18 洗鲁雅的儿子、约押的兄弟亚比筛是这三位[a]勇士的统领，他曾挥矛刺死三百人，在三勇士中出了名， 19 最有声望，因此做了他们的统领，只是不及前三位勇士。
20 甲薛人耶何耶大的儿子比拿雅是位勇士，做过非凡的事。他曾杀死摩押的两个勇猛战士，也曾在下雪天跳进坑中杀死一头狮子， 21 还杀死了一个埃及勇士。当时埃及人拿着长矛，比拿雅拿着棍子迎战，他夺了对方的长矛，用那矛刺死了对方。 22 这是耶何耶大的儿子比拿雅的事迹，他在三个勇士中出了名。 23 他比三十勇士更有声望，只是不及前三位勇士。大卫封他为护卫长。
24 三十勇士中有：约押的兄弟亚撒黑、伯利恒人朵多的儿子伊勒哈难、 25 哈律人沙玛、哈律人以利加、 26 帕勒提人希利斯、提哥亚人益吉的儿子以拉、 27 亚拿突人亚比以谢、户沙人米本乃、 28 亚合人撒们、尼陀法人玛哈莱、 29 尼陀法人巴拿的儿子希立、便雅悯支派基比亚人利拜的儿子以太、 30 比拉顿人比拿雅、迦实溪人希太、 31 伯·亚拉巴人亚比亚本、巴鲁米人押斯玛弗、 32 沙本人以利雅哈巴、雅善的儿子们、哈拉人沙玛的儿子约拿单、 33 哈拉人沙拉的儿子亚希暗、 34 玛迦人亚哈拜的儿子以利法列、基罗人亚希多弗的儿子以连、 35 迦密人希斯莱、亚巴人帕莱、 36 琐巴人拿单的儿子以甲、迦得人巴尼、 37 亚扪人洗勒、为洗鲁雅的儿子约押拿兵器的比录人拿哈莱、 38 以帖人以拉、以帖人迦立、 39 赫人乌利亚，共三十七名勇士。
Footnotes
- 23:18 “三位”有些希伯来文抄本作“三十位”。
2 Samuel 23
New English Translation
David’s Final Words
23 These are the final words of David:
“The oracle of David son of Jesse,
the oracle of the man raised up as
the ruler chosen by the God of Jacob,[a]
Israel’s beloved[b] singer of songs:
2 The Lord’s Spirit spoke through me;
his word was on my tongue.
3 The God of Israel spoke,
the Protector[c] of Israel spoke to me.
The one who rules fairly among men,
the one who rules in the fear of God,
4 is like the light of morning when the sun comes up,
a morning in which there are no clouds.
He is like the brightness after rain
that produces grass from the earth.
5 My dynasty is approved by God,[d]
for he has made a perpetual covenant with me,
arranged in all its particulars and secured.
He always delivers me,
and brings all I desire to fruition.[e]
6 But evil people are like thorns—
all of them are tossed away,
for they cannot be held in the hand.
7 The one who touches them
must use an iron instrument
or the wooden shaft of a spear.
They are completely burned up right where they lie!”[f]
David’s Warriors
8 These are the names of David’s warriors:
Josheb Basshebeth, a Tahkemonite, was head of the officers.[g] He killed 800 men with his spear in one battle.[h] 9 Next in command[i] was Eleazar son of Dodo,[j] the son of Ahohi. He was one of the three warriors who were with David when they defied the Philistines who were assembled there for battle. When the men of Israel retreated,[k] 10 he stood his ground[l] and fought the Philistines until his hand grew so tired that it[m] seemed stuck to his sword. The Lord gave a great victory on that day. When the army returned to him, the only thing left to do was to plunder the corpses.
11 Next in command[n] was Shammah son of Agee the Hararite. When the Philistines assembled at Lehi,[o] where there happened to be an area of a field that was full of lentils, the army retreated before the Philistines. 12 But he made a stand in the middle of that area. He defended[p] it and defeated the Philistines; the Lord gave them a great victory.
13 At the time of[q] the harvest three[r] of the thirty leaders went down to[s] David at the cave of Adullam. A band of Philistines was camped in the valley of Rephaim. 14 David was in the stronghold at the time, while a Philistine garrison was in Bethlehem. 15 David was thirsty and said, “How I wish someone would give me some water to drink from the cistern in Bethlehem near the gate!” 16 So the three elite warriors broke through the Philistine forces and drew some water from the cistern in Bethlehem near the gate. They carried it back to David, but he refused to drink it. He poured it out as a drink offering to the Lord 17 and said, “O Lord, I will not do this![t] It is equivalent to the blood of the men who risked their lives by going.”[u] So he refused to drink it. Such were the exploits of the three elite warriors.[v]
18 Abishai son of Zeruiah, the brother of Joab, was head of the three.[w] He killed 300 men with his spear and gained fame among the three.[x] 19 From[y] the three he was given honor and he became their officer, even though he was not one of the three.
20 Benaiah son of Jehoiada was a brave warrior[z] from Kabzeel who performed great exploits. He struck down the two sons of Ariel of Moab.[aa] He also went down and killed a lion in a cistern on a snowy day. 21 He also killed an impressive-looking Egyptian.[ab] The Egyptian wielded a spear, while Benaiah attacked[ac] him with a club. He grabbed the spear out of the Egyptian’s hand and killed him with his own spear. 22 Such were the exploits of Benaiah son of Jehoiada, who gained fame among the three elite warriors. 23 He received honor from[ad] the thirty warriors, though he was not one of the three elite warriors. David put him in charge of his bodyguard.
24 Included with the thirty were the following: Asahel the brother of Joab, Elhanan son of Dodo from Bethlehem, 25 Shammah the Harodite, Elika the Harodite, 26 Helez the Paltite, Ira son of Ikkesh from Tekoa, 27 Abiezer the Anathothite, Mebunnai the Hushathite, 28 Zalmon the Ahohite, Maharai the Netophathite, 29 Heled[ae] son of Baanah the Netophathite, Ittai son of Ribai from Gibeah in Benjamin, 30 Benaiah the Pirathonite, Hiddai from the wadis of Gaash, 31 Abi-Albon the Arbathite, Azmaveth the Barhumite, 32 Eliahba the Shaalbonite, the sons of Jashen, Jonathan 33 son of[af] Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam son of Sharar the Hararite, 34 Eliphelet son of Ahasbai the[ag] Maacathite, Eliam son of Ahithophel the Gilonite, 35 Hezrai[ah] the Carmelite, Paarai the Arbite, 36 Igal son of Nathan from Zobah, Bani the Gadite, 37 Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Beerothite (the armor-bearer[ai] of Joab son of Zeruiah), 38 Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite, 39 and Uriah the Hittite. Altogether there were thirty-seven.
Footnotes
- 2 Samuel 23:1 tn Heb “the anointed one of the God of Jacob.”
- 2 Samuel 23:1 tn Or “pleasant.”
- 2 Samuel 23:3 tn Heb “rock,” used as a metaphor of divine protection.
- 2 Samuel 23:5 tn Heb “For not thus [is] my house with God?”
- 2 Samuel 23:5 tn Heb “for all my deliverance and every desire, surely does he not make [it] grow?”
- 2 Samuel 23:7 tn Heb “and with fire they are completely burned up in [the place where they] remain.” The infinitive absolute is used before the finite verb to emphasize that they are completely consumed by the fire.
- 2 Samuel 23:8 tn The Hebrew word is sometimes rendered as “the three,” but BDB is probably correct in taking it to refer to military officers (BDB 1026 s.v. שְׁלִישִׁי). In that case the etymological connection of this word to the Hebrew numerical adjective for “three” can be explained as originating with a designation for the third warrior in a chariot.
- 2 Samuel 23:8 tc The translation follows some LXX mss (see 1 Chr 11:11 as well) in reading הוּא עוֹרֵר אֶת־חֲנִיתוֹ (huʾ ʿorer ʾet khanito, “he raised up his spear”) rather than the MT’s הוּא עֲדִינוֹ הָעֶצְנִי (huʾ ʿadino haʿetsni [Kethib = הָעֶצְנוֹ, haʿetsno]; “Adino the Ezenite”). The emended text reads literally “he was wielding his spear against eight hundred, [who were] slain at one time.”
- 2 Samuel 23:9 tn Heb “after him.”
- 2 Samuel 23:9 tc This follows the Qere and many medieval Hebrew mss in reading דֹּדוֹ (dodo) rather than the Kethib of the MT דֹּדַי (doday; cf. ASV, NIV, NLT). But see 1 Chr 27:4.
- 2 Samuel 23:9 tn Heb “went up.”
- 2 Samuel 23:10 tn Heb “arose.”
- 2 Samuel 23:10 tn Heb “his hand.”
- 2 Samuel 23:11 tn Heb “after him.”
- 2 Samuel 23:11 tn The Hebrew text is difficult here. The MT reads לַחַיָּה (lachayyah), which implies a rare use of the word חַיָּה (chayyah). The word normally refers to an animal, but if the MT is accepted it would here have the sense of a troop or community of people. BDB 312 s.v. II. חַיָּה, for example, understands the similar reference in v. 13 to be to “a group of allied families, making a raid together.” But this works better in v. 13 than it does in v. 11, where the context seems to suggest a particular staging location for a military operation. (See 1 Chr 11:15.) It therefore seems best to understand the word in v. 11 as a place name with ה (he) directive. In that case the Masoretes mistook the word for the common term for an animal and then tried to make sense of it in this context.
- 2 Samuel 23:12 tn Heb “delivered.”
- 2 Samuel 23:13 tn The meaning of Hebrew אֶל־קָצִיר (ʾel qatsir) seems here to be “at the time of harvest,” although this is an unusual use of the phrase. As S. R. Driver points out, this preposition does not normally have the temporal sense of “in” or “during” (S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text and the Topography of the Books of Samuel, 366).
- 2 Samuel 23:13 tc The translation follows the Qere and many medieval Hebrew mss in reading שְׁלֹשָׁה (sheloshah, “three”) rather than the Kethib of the MT שְׁלֹשִׁים (sheloshim, “thirty”). “Thirty” is due to dittography of the following word and makes no sense in the context.
- 2 Samuel 23:13 tn Heb “went down…and approached.”
- 2 Samuel 23:17 tn Heb “Far be it to me, O Lord, from doing this.”
- 2 Samuel 23:17 tn Heb “[Is it not] the blood of the men who were going with their lives?”
- 2 Samuel 23:17 tn Heb “These things the three warriors did.”
- 2 Samuel 23:18 tc The translation follows the Qere, many medieval Hebrew mss, the LXX, and Vulgate in reading הַשְּׁלֹשָׁה (hashelosha, “the three”) rather than the Kethib of the MT הַשָּׁלִשִׁי (hashalishi, “the third,” or “adjutant”). Two medieval Hebrew mss and the Syriac Peshitta have “thirty.”
- 2 Samuel 23:18 tn Heb “and he was wielding his spear against three hundred, [who were] slain, and to him there was a name among the three.”
- 2 Samuel 23:19 tn Or “more than.”
- 2 Samuel 23:20 tc The translation follows the Qere and many medieval Hebrew mss in reading חַיִל (khayil, “valor”) rather than the Kethib of the MT, חַי (khay, “life”).
- 2 Samuel 23:20 tc Heb “the two of Ariel, Moab.” The precise meaning of אריאל is uncertain; some read “warrior.” The present translation assumes that the word is a proper name and that בני, “sons of,” has accidentally dropped from the text by homoioarcton (note the preceding שׁני), so originally: שְׁנֵי בְנֵי אֲרִיאֵל (shene vene ʾariʾel).
- 2 Samuel 23:21 tc The translation follows the Qere and many medieval Hebrew mss in reading אִישׁ (ʾish, “man”) rather than the Kethib of the MT, אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher, “who”).
- 2 Samuel 23:21 tn Heb “and he went down to.”
- 2 Samuel 23:23 tn Or “more than.”
- 2 Samuel 23:29 tc The translation follows many medieval Hebrew mss in reading חֵלֶד (kheled; cf. NAB, NIV, NLT) rather than the MT חֵלֶב (khelev).
- 2 Samuel 23:33 tn The Hebrew text does not have “the son of.”
- 2 Samuel 23:34 tn Heb “the son of.”
- 2 Samuel 23:35 tc The translation follows the Qere and many medieval Hebrew mss in reading חֶצְרַי (khetsray; cf. KJV, NAB) rather than the Kethib of the MT, חֶצְרוֹ (khetsro).
- 2 Samuel 23:37 tc The translation follows the Qere and many medieval Hebrew mss in reading the singular rather than the plural of the Kethib of the MT.
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