旧约的事奉

这样,第一个约[a]也包括了事奉礼的规定和地上的圣所, 因为有预备好的会幕:第一间里有灯台、桌子和陈设饼,这叫做圣所; 会幕第二层幔子后面,叫做至圣所, 里面有金香坛和四周包金的约柜;柜里有盛着吗哪的金罐、亚伦那根发过芽的杖和两块约版; 约柜上方有荣耀的基路伯,遮蔽着施恩座[b]。关于这些,现在就不一一细说了。

既然这些东西都这样预备好了,祭司们就常常进入第一间会幕行事奉礼。 至于第二间会幕,只有大祭司一年进去一次,没有不带着血的;这血是为自己和子民无意中犯的罪所献上的。 圣灵指明这一点:只要第一间会幕还存在,进入至圣所的道路就还没有显明出来。 这会幕是现今时代的一个象征,在这里所献上的礼物和祭物,并不能使事奉者的良心得以完全, 10 因为这些只是关于饮食和各种洗净礼,是属肉体的规定,一直实施到更新的时候为止。

新约的事奉

11 不过基督已经来到,做了那些已经发生的[c]美善之事的大祭司,经过了那更大、更完美的会幕。那会幕不是人手所造的;就是说,不属于这被造的世界。 12 他也没有藉着山羊和牛犊的血,而是藉着他自己的血,一次性地进入圣所,成就了永恒的救赎。 13 实际上,如果山羊和公牛的血,以及母牛犊的灰,洒在那些污秽的人身上,能使他们分别为圣、肉身洁净, 14 更何况基督的血呢!基督藉着永恒的圣灵[d],将自己毫无瑕疵地献给神,他的血难道不能洁净我们[e]的良心脱离致死的行为,使我们事奉永生的神吗?

15 为此,基督做了新约的中保,藉着死赎清了人在第一个约之下的过犯,好使那些蒙召的人可以得到所应许的永恒继业。 16 要知道,遗嘱[f]在哪里生效[g],立遗嘱之人的死亡就必须得到证实。 17 事实上,人死了,遗嘱[h]才能确立,因为立遗嘱之人活着的时候,遗嘱绝对不能生效。 18 原来不用血,第一个约也不能成立, 19 就是说,摩西按照律法向全体民众宣讲了所有的诫命之后,拿了牛犊和山羊[i]的血,掺上水,用深红色的羊毛和牛膝草,洒在那书卷上和全体民众身上, 20 说:“这是立约的血,是神吩咐给你们的。”[j] 21 然后,他又同样地把血洒在会幕和服事用的所有器皿上。 22 按照律法,几乎一切都是用血洁净的;没有流血,就没有赦免。

23 既然那些诸天之上事物的模型,必须用这些祭物[k]来洁净,那天上事物的本体就必须用比这些更好的祭物来洁净, 24 因为基督不是进入了人手所造的圣所——那不过是真圣所的象征——而是进入了上天本身,如今替我们显现在神的面前。 25 他也不用再三地将自己献上,像大祭司年年带着牛羊的[l]血进入圣所那样, 26 否则,从创世以来,他就必须再三地受难了。但如今,他在万世的末期显现了一次,好藉着献上自己为祭,把罪除掉。 27 就如人人注定都有一死,而且死后有审判, 28 照样,基督为了担当众人的罪孽,也被献上一次;将来还要再一次显现,不是为了罪,而是为了使那些热切等待他的人得到救恩。

Footnotes

  1. 希伯来书 9:1 约——辅助词语。
  2. 希伯来书 9:5 施恩座——或译作“赎罪盖”或“赎罪台”。
  3. 希伯来书 9:11 已经发生的——有古抄本作“将要来临的”。
  4. 希伯来书 9:14 永恒的圣灵——原文直译“永恒的灵”。
  5. 希伯来书 9:14 我们——有古抄本作“你们”。
  6. 希伯来书 9:16 遗嘱——或译作“约”。
  7. 希伯来书 9:16 生效——辅助词语。
  8. 希伯来书 9:17 遗嘱——或译作“约”。
  9. 希伯来书 9:19 有古抄本没有“和山羊”。
  10. 希伯来书 9:20 《出埃及记》24:8。
  11. 希伯来书 9:23 祭物——辅助词语。
  12. 希伯来书 9:25 牛羊的——原文直译“非自己的”。

旧约下的崇拜

第一个契约包括崇拜的规定和人造的圣幕。 圣幕立起来了—第一个房间里,陈设着灯台、桌子和供奉给上帝的特殊食品,它被称为圣处。 在这个帐幕后面,是另一间屋子,被称作至圣处。 屋子里面有烧香的金坛和契约的约柜,这个约柜外面整个都包着金子,在它里面有一只盛有吗哪 [a]的金罐和亚伦发了芽的手杖和刻着契约的石板。 在这个约柜上面,有翼的荣耀天使翼护着赎罪台。在这里我们不能详细地说明这些事情。

一切像这样安排之后,祭司们总是走进第一层帐幕举行崇拜仪式, 只有大祭司每年独自进入第二层帐幕一次。他每次都带着被屠宰了的动物的血进去,为自己和人们在不知不觉的情况下犯的罪恶赎罪。 圣灵以此说明,只要第一个圣幕依然存在,通往至圣处的路就不会开放。 所有的这一切是现今世界的一个缩影。它说明,奉献给上帝的贡品和祭物是不能够使敬拜者的内心完美的。 10 因为它们只涉及饮食和各种洁净的仪式—这些外在的规矩,在新秩序到来之前,要一直应用下去。

新约下崇拜

11 但是,当基督做为已降临的美好的事物的大祭司到来时,他经过了更伟大、更完美的圣幕。这圣幕不是由人类双手建造的,也不属于这个被造的世界的一部分。 12 当基督进至圣处时,没有用山羊和牛犊的血做献祭,而是用自己的血做为献祭,他只进至圣处一次,便一劳永逸地为我们获得了永恒的自由。 13 既然山羊、公牛的血和牛犊的骨灰洒在不洁人的身上尚可使他们的外表变得洁净, 14 那么基督的血将更有效力了!他通过永恒的圣灵,把自己做为完美的祭物奉献给了上帝。他的血洁净了我们的良知,除掉了玷污我们内心的行为和导致我们精神死亡的行为,使我们能事奉活生生的上帝。

15 因此,基督是新约的中介人,基督的死已经赎清了人们在旧约下所犯的罪恶,使那些受到上帝召唤的人可以得到上帝许诺的永恒的继承权。

16 凡是遗嘱,必须得等到立遗嘱的人死去才能成立, 17 因为遗嘱只有当死亡发生时才会生效,所以当立遗嘱的人活着的时候,遗嘱没有作用。 18 这就是为什么旧契约没有血就不能生效的原因。 19 当摩西向所有的人宣布律法的每一条戒令后,他把牛犊和山羊的血与水兑在一起,用腥红的羊毛和牛膝草蘸着,洒在律法书和人们身上。 20 他说∶“这是上帝命令你们服从的契约的血。” 21 他又用同样的办法,将它们洒在圣幕和在崇拜仪式上所用的各种物品上。 22 事实上,按照律法,几乎所有的物品都必须用血清洗,没有流血就没有宽恕。

耶稣基督为罪而献身

23 所以,天堂物品的复制品有必要用这类祭物来洁净,但是,天堂的物品必须用比这更好的祭物来洁净。 24 因为基督进入的圣处不是由人所造的—也不是真圣处的仿制品,而是天堂本身,他代表我们站在上帝的面前。 25 他并没有反反复复地进入天堂去奉献自己,他也没有向大祭司那样,每年都带着并非他们自己的血进入至圣处一次。 26 假如是那样的话,那么,自创世以来,基督就已经奉献自己很多次了,而事实上,他只在世纪终止时出现了一次,就一劳永逸地除去了罪孽。 27 正如人只死一次,然后必须面对审判一样, 28 基督也仅牺牲自己一次,便清除了许许多多人的罪。当他再次出现时,不再是对付罪孽了,而是给那些正等候着他的人们带来拯救。

Footnotes

  1. 希 伯 來 書 9:4 吗哪: 上帝在旷野里赐给犹太人的食物。

Then verily the first covenant had also ordinances of divine service, and a worldly sanctuary.

For there was a tabernacle made; the first, wherein was the candlestick, and the table, and the shewbread; which is called the sanctuary.

And after the second veil, the tabernacle which is called the Holiest of all;

Which had the golden censer, and the ark of the covenant overlaid round about with gold, wherein was the golden pot that had manna, and Aaron's rod that budded, and the tables of the covenant;

And over it the cherubims of glory shadowing the mercyseat; of which we cannot now speak particularly.

Now when these things were thus ordained, the priests went always into the first tabernacle, accomplishing the service of God.

But into the second went the high priest alone once every year, not without blood, which he offered for himself, and for the errors of the people:

The Holy Ghost this signifying, that the way into the holiest of all was not yet made manifest, while as the first tabernacle was yet standing:

Which was a figure for the time then present, in which were offered both gifts and sacrifices, that could not make him that did the service perfect, as pertaining to the conscience;

10 Which stood only in meats and drinks, and divers washings, and carnal ordinances, imposed on them until the time of reformation.

11 But Christ being come an high priest of good things to come, by a greater and more perfect tabernacle, not made with hands, that is to say, not of this building;

12 Neither by the blood of goats and calves, but by his own blood he entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption for us.

13 For if the blood of bulls and of goats, and the ashes of an heifer sprinkling the unclean, sanctifieth to the purifying of the flesh:

14 How much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God, purge your conscience from dead works to serve the living God?

15 And for this cause he is the mediator of the new testament, that by means of death, for the redemption of the transgressions that were under the first testament, they which are called might receive the promise of eternal inheritance.

16 For where a testament is, there must also of necessity be the death of the testator.

17 For a testament is of force after men are dead: otherwise it is of no strength at all while the testator liveth.

18 Whereupon neither the first testament was dedicated without blood.

19 For when Moses had spoken every precept to all the people according to the law, he took the blood of calves and of goats, with water, and scarlet wool, and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book, and all the people,

20 Saying, This is the blood of the testament which God hath enjoined unto you.

21 Moreover he sprinkled with blood both the tabernacle, and all the vessels of the ministry.

22 And almost all things are by the law purged with blood; and without shedding of blood is no remission.

23 It was therefore necessary that the patterns of things in the heavens should be purified with these; but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these.

24 For Christ is not entered into the holy places made with hands, which are the figures of the true; but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us:

25 Nor yet that he should offer himself often, as the high priest entereth into the holy place every year with blood of others;

26 For then must he often have suffered since the foundation of the world: but now once in the end of the world hath he appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself.

27 And as it is appointed unto men once to die, but after this the judgment:

28 So Christ was once offered to bear the sins of many; and unto them that look for him shall he appear the second time without sin unto salvation.

The Earthly Sanctuary(A)

Then indeed, even the first covenant had ordinances of divine service and (B)the earthly sanctuary. For a tabernacle was prepared: the first part, in which was the lampstand, the table, and the showbread, which is called the [a]sanctuary; (C)and behind the second veil, the part of the tabernacle which is called the Holiest of All, which had the (D)golden censer and (E)the ark of the covenant overlaid on all sides with gold, in which were (F)the golden pot that had the manna, (G)Aaron’s rod that budded, and (H)the tablets of the covenant; and (I)above it were the cherubim of glory overshadowing the mercy seat. Of these things we cannot now speak in detail.

Limitations of the Earthly Service

Now when these things had been thus prepared, (J)the priests always went into the first part of the tabernacle, performing the services. But into the second part the high priest went alone (K)once a year, not without blood, which he offered for (L)himself and for the people’s sins committed in ignorance; the Holy Spirit indicating this, that (M)the way into the Holiest of All was not yet made manifest while the first tabernacle was still standing. It was symbolic for the present time in which both gifts and sacrifices are offered (N)which cannot make him who performed the service perfect in regard to the conscience— 10 concerned only with (O)foods and drinks, (P)various [b]washings, (Q)and fleshly ordinances imposed until the time of reformation.

The Heavenly Sanctuary

11 But Christ came as High Priest of (R)the good things [c]to come, with the greater and more perfect tabernacle not made with hands, that is, not of this creation. 12 Not (S)with the blood of goats and calves, but (T)with His own blood He entered the Most Holy Place (U)once for all, (V)having obtained eternal redemption. 13 For if (W)the blood of bulls and goats and (X)the ashes of a heifer, sprinkling the unclean, [d]sanctifies for the [e]purifying of the flesh, 14 how much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself without [f]spot to God, (Y)cleanse your conscience from (Z)dead works (AA)to serve the living God? 15 And for this reason (AB)He is the Mediator of the new covenant, by means of death, for the redemption of the transgressions under the first covenant, that (AC)those who are called may receive the promise of the eternal inheritance.

The Mediator’s Death Necessary

16 For where there is a testament, there must also of necessity be the death of the testator. 17 For (AD)a testament is in force after men are dead, since it has no power at all while the testator lives. 18 (AE)Therefore not even the first covenant was dedicated without blood. 19 For when Moses had spoken every [g]precept to all the people according to the law, (AF)he took the blood of calves and goats, (AG)with water, scarlet wool, and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book itself and all the people, 20 saying, (AH)“This is the (AI)blood of the covenant which God has commanded you.” 21 Then likewise (AJ)he sprinkled with blood both the tabernacle and all the vessels of the ministry. 22 And according to the law almost all things are [h]purified with blood, and (AK)without shedding of blood there is no [i]remission.

Greatness of Christ’s Sacrifice

23 Therefore it was necessary that (AL)the copies of the things in the heavens should be [j]purified with these, but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these. 24 For (AM)Christ has not entered the holy places made with hands, which are [k]copies of (AN)the true, but into heaven itself, now (AO)to appear in the presence of God for us; 25 not that He should offer Himself often, as (AP)the high priest enters the Most Holy Place every year with blood of another— 26 He then would have had to suffer often since the foundation of the world; but now, once at the end of the ages, He has appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of Himself. 27 (AQ)And as it is appointed for men to die once, (AR)but after this the judgment, 28 so (AS)Christ was (AT)offered once to bear the sins (AU)of many. To those who (AV)eagerly wait for Him He will appear a second time, apart from sin, for salvation.

Footnotes

  1. Hebrews 9:2 holy place, lit. holies
  2. Hebrews 9:10 Lit. baptisms
  3. Hebrews 9:11 NU that have come
  4. Hebrews 9:13 sets apart
  5. Hebrews 9:13 cleansing
  6. Hebrews 9:14 blemish
  7. Hebrews 9:19 command
  8. Hebrews 9:22 cleansed
  9. Hebrews 9:22 forgiveness
  10. Hebrews 9:23 cleansed
  11. Hebrews 9:24 representations