旧约的事奉

这样,第一个约[a]也包括了事奉礼的规定和地上的圣所, 因为有预备好的会幕:第一间里有灯台、桌子和陈设饼,这叫做圣所; 会幕第二层幔子后面,叫做至圣所, 里面有金香坛和四周包金的约柜;柜里有盛着吗哪的金罐、亚伦那根发过芽的杖和两块约版; 约柜上方有荣耀的基路伯,遮蔽着施恩座[b]。关于这些,现在就不一一细说了。

既然这些东西都这样预备好了,祭司们就常常进入第一间会幕行事奉礼。 至于第二间会幕,只有大祭司一年进去一次,没有不带着血的;这血是为自己和子民无意中犯的罪所献上的。 圣灵指明这一点:只要第一间会幕还存在,进入至圣所的道路就还没有显明出来。 这会幕是现今时代的一个象征,在这里所献上的礼物和祭物,并不能使事奉者的良心得以完全, 10 因为这些只是关于饮食和各种洗净礼,是属肉体的规定,一直实施到更新的时候为止。

新约的事奉

11 不过基督已经来到,做了那些已经发生的[c]美善之事的大祭司,经过了那更大、更完美的会幕。那会幕不是人手所造的;就是说,不属于这被造的世界。 12 他也没有藉着山羊和牛犊的血,而是藉着他自己的血,一次性地进入圣所,成就了永恒的救赎。 13 实际上,如果山羊和公牛的血,以及母牛犊的灰,洒在那些污秽的人身上,能使他们分别为圣、肉身洁净, 14 更何况基督的血呢!基督藉着永恒的圣灵[d],将自己毫无瑕疵地献给神,他的血难道不能洁净我们[e]的良心脱离致死的行为,使我们事奉永生的神吗?

15 为此,基督做了新约的中保,藉着死赎清了人在第一个约之下的过犯,好使那些蒙召的人可以得到所应许的永恒继业。 16 要知道,遗嘱[f]在哪里生效[g],立遗嘱之人的死亡就必须得到证实。 17 事实上,人死了,遗嘱[h]才能确立,因为立遗嘱之人活着的时候,遗嘱绝对不能生效。 18 原来不用血,第一个约也不能成立, 19 就是说,摩西按照律法向全体民众宣讲了所有的诫命之后,拿了牛犊和山羊[i]的血,掺上水,用深红色的羊毛和牛膝草,洒在那书卷上和全体民众身上, 20 说:“这是立约的血,是神吩咐给你们的。”[j] 21 然后,他又同样地把血洒在会幕和服事用的所有器皿上。 22 按照律法,几乎一切都是用血洁净的;没有流血,就没有赦免。

23 既然那些诸天之上事物的模型,必须用这些祭物[k]来洁净,那天上事物的本体就必须用比这些更好的祭物来洁净, 24 因为基督不是进入了人手所造的圣所——那不过是真圣所的象征——而是进入了上天本身,如今替我们显现在神的面前。 25 他也不用再三地将自己献上,像大祭司年年带着牛羊的[l]血进入圣所那样, 26 否则,从创世以来,他就必须再三地受难了。但如今,他在万世的末期显现了一次,好藉着献上自己为祭,把罪除掉。 27 就如人人注定都有一死,而且死后有审判, 28 照样,基督为了担当众人的罪孽,也被献上一次;将来还要再一次显现,不是为了罪,而是为了使那些热切等待他的人得到救恩。

Footnotes

  1. 希伯来书 9:1 约——辅助词语。
  2. 希伯来书 9:5 施恩座——或译作“赎罪盖”或“赎罪台”。
  3. 希伯来书 9:11 已经发生的——有古抄本作“将要来临的”。
  4. 希伯来书 9:14 永恒的圣灵——原文直译“永恒的灵”。
  5. 希伯来书 9:14 我们——有古抄本作“你们”。
  6. 希伯来书 9:16 遗嘱——或译作“约”。
  7. 希伯来书 9:16 生效——辅助词语。
  8. 希伯来书 9:17 遗嘱——或译作“约”。
  9. 希伯来书 9:19 有古抄本没有“和山羊”。
  10. 希伯来书 9:20 《出埃及记》24:8。
  11. 希伯来书 9:23 祭物——辅助词语。
  12. 希伯来书 9:25 牛羊的——原文直译“非自己的”。

舊約敬拜的禮儀

舊約有敬拜的禮儀和地上的聖幕。 建成後的聖幕共分兩間,外面的一間稱為聖所,擺設了燈臺、桌子和聖餅。 在第二道幔子後面的那一間叫至聖所, 裡面有純金的香壇和包金的約櫃。約櫃裡珍藏著盛嗎哪的金罐、亞倫那根發過芽的手杖和兩塊刻著十誡的石版, 上面有榮耀的基路伯天使,高展翅膀蓋著約櫃上面的施恩座。關於這些事,現在不能一一細說。

這些東西都齊備了,祭司們便經常進入聖所,舉行敬拜。 可是,只有大祭司有資格每年一次獨自進入至聖所,而且每次都要端著血進去,為自己和以色列人的過犯獻上。 聖靈藉此指明,只要頭一個聖幕還在,進入至聖所的路就還沒有開啟。 這件事是一個象徵,告訴現今的世代:所獻的禮物和祭物都不能使敬拜的人良心純全, 10 因為這些不過是關於飲食和各樣潔淨禮儀的外在規條,等新秩序的時代一到,便不再有效了。

美好新約

11 現在基督已經來到,作了美好新約的大祭司,祂進入了那更偉大、更全備、非人手建造、不屬於這個世界的聖幕。 12 祂只進入至聖所一次便完成了永遠的救贖,用的不是山羊和牛犢的血,而是自己的血。 13 如果把山羊血、公牛血和母牛犢的灰灑在污穢的人[a]身上,就可以使他們聖潔,身體得到潔淨, 14 更何況基督藉著永恆的靈把自己毫無瑕疵地獻給上帝呢?祂的血豈不更能洗淨我們的良心,使我們脫離導致滅亡的行為,以便事奉永活的上帝嗎?

15 因此,祂是新約的中保,藉著死亡救贖了觸犯舊約的人,好叫那些蒙召的人得到所應許的永恆基業。

16 凡是遺囑[b],必須等到立遺囑的人死了以後才能生效。 17 如果立遺囑的人依然健在,遺囑就不能生效。 18 正因如此,連立舊約也需要用血才能生效。 19 摩西依照律法向猶太人頒佈所有誡命之後,便用紅色的羊毛和牛膝草蘸了牛犢和山羊的血以及水,灑在律法書和百姓身上, 20 說:「這是上帝用來與你們立約的血。」 21 他又照樣把血灑在聖幕和所有用來獻祭的器具上。 22 根據律法,幾乎所有的器具都要用血來潔淨,因為若不流血,罪就得不到赦免。

23 既然仿照天上的樣式所造的器具需要用祭牲的血來潔淨,天上的原物當然要用更美的祭物來潔淨。 24 因為基督並非進入了人手所造的聖所,那只是真聖所的縮影,祂是進入了天堂,替我們來到上帝面前。 25 祂在天上不必一次又一次地把自己獻上,好像那些大祭司年年都帶著牛羊的血進入至聖所。 26 否則,自創世以來,祂不知道要受難多少次了。但如今在這世代的末期,祂只一次獻上自己,便除去了人的罪。 27 按著定命,人人都有一死,死後還有審判。 28 同樣,基督為了承擔世人的罪,也曾一次獻上自己。祂還要再來,不是來除罪,而是來拯救那些熱切等候祂的人。

Footnotes

  1. 9·13 污穢的人」指在猶太人的宗教禮儀上被視為不潔淨的人。
  2. 9·16 遺囑」希臘文和「約」是同一個字。

Christ’s service in the heavenly meeting tent

So then the first covenant had regulations for the priests’ service and the holy place on earth. They pitched the first tent called the holy place. It contained the lampstand, the table, and the loaves of bread presented to God. There was a tent behind the second curtain called the holy of holies. It had the gold altar for incense and the chest containing the covenant, which was covered with gold on all sides. In the chest there was a gold jar containing manna, Aaron’s rod that budded, and the stone tablets of the covenant. Above the chest there were magnificent winged creatures[a] casting their shadow over the seat of the chest, where sin is taken care of. Right now we can’t talk about these things in detail. When these things have been prepared in this way, priests enter the first tent all the time as they perform their service. But only the high priest enters the second tent once a year. He never does this without blood, which he offers for himself and for the sins the people committed in ignorance. With this, the Holy Spirit is showing that the way into the holy place hadn’t been revealed yet while the first tent was standing. This is a symbol for the present time. It shows that the gifts and sacrifices that are being offered can’t perfect the conscience of the one who is serving. 10 These are superficial regulations that are only about food, drink, and various ritual ways to wash with water. They are regulations that have been imposed until the time of the new order.

11 But Christ has appeared as the high priest of the good things that have happened. He passed through the greater and more perfect meeting tent, which isn’t made by human hands (that is, it’s not a part of this world). 12 He entered the holy of holies once for all by his own blood, not by the blood of goats or calves, securing our deliverance for all time. 13 If the blood of goats and bulls and the sprinkled ashes of cows made spiritually contaminated people holy and clean, 14 how much more will the blood of Jesus wash our consciences clean from dead works in order to serve the living God? He offered himself to God through the eternal Spirit as a sacrifice without any flaw.

Christ’s death and the new covenant

15 This is why he’s the mediator of a new covenant (which is a will): so that those who are called might receive the promise of the eternal inheritance on the basis of his death. His death occurred to set them free from the offenses committed under the first covenant. 16 When there is a will, you need to confirm the death of the one who made the will. 17 This is because a will takes effect only after a death, since it’s not in force while the one who made the will is alive. 18 So not even the first covenant was put into effect without blood. 19 Moses took the blood of calves and goats, along with water, scarlet wool, and hyssop, and sprinkled both the Law scroll itself and all the people after he had proclaimed every command of the Law to all the people. 20 While he did it, he said, This is the blood of the covenant that God established for you.[b] 21 And in the same way he sprinkled the meeting tent and also all the equipment that would be used in the priests’ service with blood. 22 Almost everything is cleansed by blood, according to the Law’s regulations, and there is no forgiveness without blood being shed.

23 So it was necessary for the copies of the heavenly things to be cleansed with these sacrifices, but the heavenly things had to be cleansed with better sacrifices than these. 24 Christ didn’t enter the holy place (which is a copy of the true holy place) made by human hands, but into heaven itself, so that he now appears in God’s presence for us. 25 He didn’t enter to offer himself over and over again, like the high priest enters the earthly holy place every year with blood that isn’t his. 26 If that were so, then Jesus would have to suffer many times since the foundation of the world. Instead, he has now appeared once at the end of the ages to get rid of sin by sacrificing himself. 27 People are destined to die once and then face judgment. 28 In the same way, Christ was also offered once to take on himself the sins of many people. He will appear a second time, not to take away sin but to save those who are eagerly waiting for him.

Footnotes

  1. Hebrews 9:5 Heb cherubim
  2. Hebrews 9:20 Exod 24:8