旧约的事奉

这样,第一个约[a]也包括了事奉礼的规定和地上的圣所, 因为有预备好的会幕:第一间里有灯台、桌子和陈设饼,这叫做圣所; 会幕第二层幔子后面,叫做至圣所, 里面有金香坛和四周包金的约柜;柜里有盛着吗哪的金罐、亚伦那根发过芽的杖和两块约版; 约柜上方有荣耀的基路伯,遮蔽着施恩座[b]。关于这些,现在就不一一细说了。

既然这些东西都这样预备好了,祭司们就常常进入第一间会幕行事奉礼。 至于第二间会幕,只有大祭司一年进去一次,没有不带着血的;这血是为自己和子民无意中犯的罪所献上的。 圣灵指明这一点:只要第一间会幕还存在,进入至圣所的道路就还没有显明出来。 这会幕是现今时代的一个象征,在这里所献上的礼物和祭物,并不能使事奉者的良心得以完全, 10 因为这些只是关于饮食和各种洗净礼,是属肉体的规定,一直实施到更新的时候为止。

新约的事奉

11 不过基督已经来到,做了那些已经发生的[c]美善之事的大祭司,经过了那更大、更完美的会幕。那会幕不是人手所造的;就是说,不属于这被造的世界。 12 他也没有藉着山羊和牛犊的血,而是藉着他自己的血,一次性地进入圣所,成就了永恒的救赎。 13 实际上,如果山羊和公牛的血,以及母牛犊的灰,洒在那些污秽的人身上,能使他们分别为圣、肉身洁净, 14 更何况基督的血呢!基督藉着永恒的圣灵[d],将自己毫无瑕疵地献给神,他的血难道不能洁净我们[e]的良心脱离致死的行为,使我们事奉永生的神吗?

15 为此,基督做了新约的中保,藉着死赎清了人在第一个约之下的过犯,好使那些蒙召的人可以得到所应许的永恒继业。 16 要知道,遗嘱[f]在哪里生效[g],立遗嘱之人的死亡就必须得到证实。 17 事实上,人死了,遗嘱[h]才能确立,因为立遗嘱之人活着的时候,遗嘱绝对不能生效。 18 原来不用血,第一个约也不能成立, 19 就是说,摩西按照律法向全体民众宣讲了所有的诫命之后,拿了牛犊和山羊[i]的血,掺上水,用深红色的羊毛和牛膝草,洒在那书卷上和全体民众身上, 20 说:“这是立约的血,是神吩咐给你们的。”[j] 21 然后,他又同样地把血洒在会幕和服事用的所有器皿上。 22 按照律法,几乎一切都是用血洁净的;没有流血,就没有赦免。

23 既然那些诸天之上事物的模型,必须用这些祭物[k]来洁净,那天上事物的本体就必须用比这些更好的祭物来洁净, 24 因为基督不是进入了人手所造的圣所——那不过是真圣所的象征——而是进入了上天本身,如今替我们显现在神的面前。 25 他也不用再三地将自己献上,像大祭司年年带着牛羊的[l]血进入圣所那样, 26 否则,从创世以来,他就必须再三地受难了。但如今,他在万世的末期显现了一次,好藉着献上自己为祭,把罪除掉。 27 就如人人注定都有一死,而且死后有审判, 28 照样,基督为了担当众人的罪孽,也被献上一次;将来还要再一次显现,不是为了罪,而是为了使那些热切等待他的人得到救恩。

Footnotes

  1. 希伯来书 9:1 约——辅助词语。
  2. 希伯来书 9:5 施恩座——或译作“赎罪盖”或“赎罪台”。
  3. 希伯来书 9:11 已经发生的——有古抄本作“将要来临的”。
  4. 希伯来书 9:14 永恒的圣灵——原文直译“永恒的灵”。
  5. 希伯来书 9:14 我们——有古抄本作“你们”。
  6. 希伯来书 9:16 遗嘱——或译作“约”。
  7. 希伯来书 9:16 生效——辅助词语。
  8. 希伯来书 9:17 遗嘱——或译作“约”。
  9. 希伯来书 9:19 有古抄本没有“和山羊”。
  10. 希伯来书 9:20 《出埃及记》24:8。
  11. 希伯来书 9:23 祭物——辅助词语。
  12. 希伯来书 9:25 牛羊的——原文直译“非自己的”。

旧约敬拜的礼仪

旧约有敬拜的礼仪和地上的圣幕。 建成后的圣幕共分两间,外面的一间称为圣所,摆设了灯台、桌子和圣饼。 在第二道幔子后面的那一间叫至圣所, 里面有纯金的香坛和包金的约柜。约柜里珍藏着盛吗哪的金罐、亚伦那根发过芽的手杖和两块刻着十诫的石版, 上面有荣耀的基路伯天使,高展翅膀盖着约柜上面的施恩座。关于这些事,现在不能一一细说。

这些东西都齐备了,祭司们便经常进入圣所,举行敬拜。 可是,只有大祭司有资格每年一次独自进入至圣所,而且每次都要端着血进去,为自己和以色列人的过犯献上。 圣灵借此指明,只要头一个圣幕还在,进入至圣所的路就还没有开启。 这件事是一个象征,告诉现今的世代:所献的礼物和祭物都不能使敬拜的人良心纯全, 10 因为这些不过是关于饮食和各样洁净礼仪的外在规条,等新秩序的时代一到,便不再有效了。

美好新约

11 现在基督已经来到,做了美好新约的大祭司,祂进入了那更伟大、更全备、非人手建造、不属于这个世界的圣幕。 12 祂只进入至圣所一次便完成了永远的救赎,用的不是山羊和牛犊的血,而是自己的血。 13 如果把山羊血、公牛血和母牛犊的灰洒在污秽的人[a]身上,就可以使他们圣洁,身体得到洁净, 14 更何况基督借着永恒的灵把自己毫无瑕疵地献给上帝呢?祂的血岂不更能洗净我们的良心,使我们脱离导致灭亡的行为,以便事奉永活的上帝吗?

15 因此,祂是新约的中保,借着死亡救赎了触犯旧约的人,好叫那些蒙召的人得到所应许的永恒基业。

16 凡是遗嘱[b],必须等到立遗嘱的人死了以后才能生效。 17 如果立遗嘱的人依然健在,遗嘱就不能生效。 18 正因如此,连立旧约也需要用血才能生效。 19 摩西依照律法向犹太人颁布所有诫命之后,便用红色的羊毛和牛膝草蘸了牛犊和山羊的血以及水,洒在律法书和百姓身上, 20 说:“这是上帝用来与你们立约的血。” 21 他又照样把血洒在圣幕和所有用来献祭的器具上。 22 根据律法,几乎所有的器具都要用血来洁净,因为若不流血,罪就得不到赦免。

23 既然仿照天上的样式所造的器具需要用祭牲的血来洁净,天上的原物当然要用更美的祭物来洁净。 24 因为基督并非进入了人手所造的圣所,那只是真圣所的缩影,祂是进入了天堂,替我们来到上帝面前。 25 祂在天上不必一次又一次地把自己献上,好像那些大祭司年年都带着牛羊的血进入至圣所。 26 否则,自创世以来,祂不知道要受难多少次了。但如今在这世代的末期,祂只一次献上自己,便除去了人的罪。 27 按着定命,人人都有一死,死后还有审判。 28 同样,基督为了承担世人的罪,也曾一次献上自己。祂还要再来,不是来除罪,而是来拯救那些热切等候祂的人。

Footnotes

  1. 9:13 污秽的人”指在犹太人的宗教礼仪上被视为不洁净的人。
  2. 9:16 遗嘱”希腊文和“约”是同一个字。

Messiah Enters the Heavenly Holies

Now even the first one had regulations for worship and the earthly sanctuary. [a] For a tent was prepared: in the outer[b] part were the menorah, the table, and the presentation of the bread[c]—this is called the Holy Place. Beyond the second curtain[d] was a dwelling called the Holy of Holies. [e] It held a golden altar of incense and the ark of the covenant, completely covered with gold. In the ark was a golden jar holding the manna, Aaron’s rod that budded, and the tablets of the covenant[f] and above it, cherubim of glory overshadowing the mercy seat.[g] But it is not now possible to speak in detail about these things.

Now with these things prepared this way,

the kohanim
    do continually enter
        into the outer tent[h]
            while completing the services;
        but into the inner,[i]
    once a year,

the kohen gadol alone[j]—and not without blood which he offers for himself and for the unintentional sins[k] of the people. By this the Ruach ha-Kodesh makes clear that the way into the Holies has not yet been revealed while the first tent is still standing. It is a symbol for the present time. Accordingly, gifts and sacrifices are being offered that cannot make the worshiper perfect with respect to conscience. 10 These relate only to food and drink and various washings[l]—regulations for the body imposed until a time of setting things straight.

11 But when Messiah appeared as Kohen Gadol of the good things that have now come, passing through the greater and more perfect Tent not made with hands (that is to say not of this creation), 12 He entered into the Holies once for all—not by the blood of goats and calves but by His own blood, having obtained eternal redemption. 13 For if the blood of goats and bulls[m] and the ashes of a heifer sprinkling those who have been defiled[n] sanctify for the cleansing of the flesh, 14 how much more will the blood of Messiah—who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself without blemish to God—cleanse our[o] conscience from dead works to serve the living God?

15 For this reason He is the mediator of a new covenant,[p] in order that those called may receive the promised eternal inheritance—since a death has taken place that redeems them from violations under the first covenant. 16 For where there is a covenant, the death of the one who made it must be established. [q] 17 For a covenant is secured upon the basis of dead bodies, since it has no strength as long as the one who made it lives. 18 That is why not even the first covenant was inaugurated without blood. 19 For when every commandment had been spoken by Moses to all the people according to the Torah, he took the blood of the calves and goats, with water and scarlet wool and hyssop, and he sprinkled both the book itself and all the people. 20 He said, “This is the blood of the covenant which God commanded you.” [r] 21 And in the same way, he sprinkled the tabernacle and all the vessels of the ministry with the blood. [s] 22 And nearly everything is purified in blood according to the Torah, and apart from the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness.[t]

23 Therefore it was necessary for the replicas of these heavenly things to be purified with these sacrifices—but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these. 24 For Messiah did not enter into Holies made with hands—counterparts of the true things—but into heaven itself, now to appear in God’s presence on our behalf. 25 And He did not offer Himself again and again—as the kohen gadol enters into the Holy of Holies year after year with blood that is not his own. 26 For then He would have needed to suffer again and again from the foundation of the world. But as it is, He has been revealed once and for all at the close of the ages—to put away sin by the sacrifice of Himself. 27 And just as it is appointed for men to die once, and after this judgment, [u] 28 so also Messiah, was offered once to bear the sins of many.[v] He will appear a second time, apart from sin, to those eagerly awaiting Him for salvation.[w]