大祭司耶稣

14 我们既然有一位已经升上高天的尊贵大祭司——上帝的儿子耶稣,就应当持守我们所认定的信仰。 15 因为我们这位大祭司并非不能体恤我们的软弱,祂与我们一样曾经面对各样的试探,却从来没有犯罪。 16 所以,让我们坦然无惧地到祂赐恩的宝座前,好领受怜悯和恩典,作随时的帮助。

从人间选出来的大祭司,都是受委任代表人办理与上帝有关的事,为人的罪向上帝献上礼物和赎罪祭。 他能体谅那些无知和迷失的人,因为他自己也有人性的软弱。 所以,他不但要为众人的罪献祭,也要为自己的罪献祭。 没有人能自取这大祭司的尊荣,只有像亚伦一样蒙上帝呼召的人才可以做大祭司。

同样,基督也没有自取荣耀做大祭司,是上帝对祂说:

“你是我的儿子,
我今日成为你父亲。”

在圣经的另一处,上帝又说:

“你照麦基洗德的模式永远做祭司。”

基督在世为人的时候,曾经声泪俱下地祈求能救祂脱离死亡的上帝。祂因为敬虔而蒙了应允。 基督虽然是上帝的儿子,仍然从所受的苦难中学习了顺服。 祂既然达到了纯全的地步,就成了永恒救恩的源头,使所有顺服祂的人都得到拯救。 10 上帝照着麦基洗德的模式立祂做大祭司。

信徒要长进

11 关于这方面的事,我们还有很多话要说,但因为你们已经听不进去,很难向你们解释。 12 按你们学习的时间来算,你们本该做别人的老师了,可惜你们还需要别人向你们传授上帝话语的基本道理,成了不能吃干粮、只能吃奶的人。 13 因为只能吃奶的人还是婴孩,不熟习仁义的道理。 14 干粮是给成年人吃的,他们的心思历经锻炼,能够分辨善恶。

所以我们要离开有关基督的初级道理,努力迈向成熟,而不是再次打基础:教导为致死的行为悔改、信靠上帝、 各种洗礼、按手礼、死人复活、永远的审判等道理。 上帝若许可,我们会这样做。

有些人曾蒙上帝光照,尝过天赐恩典的滋味,有份于圣灵, 尝过上帝之道的甘美,领悟到永世的权能, 却背弃了真道,让他们重新悔改是不可能的。因为他们等于把上帝的儿子重新钉在十字架上,使祂再度公开受辱。 一块经常受到雨水滋润的田地若为耕种的人长出庄稼来,就蒙上帝赐福; 若长出来的尽是荆棘和蒺藜,就毫无价值,它会面临被咒诅的危险,最后必遭焚烧。

亲爱的弟兄姊妹,虽然我们这样说,却深信你们的光景比这强,有得救的表现。 10 因为上帝并非不公义,以致忘记你们为祂所做的工作以及你们过去和现在服侍圣徒所表现的爱心。 11 愿你们各人从始至终表现出同样的殷勤,以便对所盼望的有完全的把握。 12 这样,你们就不致懒散,可以效法那些凭信心和忍耐承受应许的人。

上帝的应许可靠

13 当初,上帝向亚伯拉罕许下诺言的时候,因为没有比自己更大的可以凭着起誓,就凭自己起誓说: 14 “我必赐福给你,使你子孙众多。” 15 亚伯拉罕经过耐心的等待,得到了上帝的应许。

16 人总是指着比自己更大的起誓,并用誓言作保证,了结各样的争论。 17 同样,上帝为要向承受应许的人显明祂的旨意绝不更改,就用誓言向他们保证。 18 上帝绝不说谎,祂将永不改变的应许和誓言给了我们,使我们这些寻找避难所、持定摆在前面之盼望的人可以大得鼓励。 19 我们有这盼望作我们灵魂的锚,既安稳又可靠,一直通往圣幕里面的至圣所。 20 耶稣照麦基洗德的模式成了永远的大祭司,祂替我们先进入了圣幕内。

大祭司麦基洗德

这位麦基洗德是撒冷王,也是至高上帝的祭司。当年亚伯拉罕杀败众王凯旋归来的时候,麦基洗德迎上去为他祝福, 亚伯拉罕把战利品的十分之一给了他。麦基洗德这名字的原意是“公义之王”,后来他又被称为撒冷王,意思是“和平之王”。 他的父母、族谱、生辰、寿数都不得而知,他跟上帝的儿子相似,永远担任祭司的职分。

试想,连我们的祖先亚伯拉罕都将战利品的十分之一给了他,可见他是何等的尊贵! 按照犹太人的律法,那些承袭做祭司的利未后裔可以照例向自己的同胞,就是亚伯拉罕的后裔,收取十分之一。 但这位与犹太人没有血缘关系的麦基洗德,不单接受了亚伯拉罕给他的十分之一,还为承受应许的亚伯拉罕祝福。 毫无疑问,那为人祝福的总比领受祝福的位分大。 收取十分之一的利未祭司都是会死的人,但那位收取十分之一的麦基洗德被证明仍然活着。 这样说来,连接受十分之一奉献的利未也透过亚伯拉罕向麦基洗德纳了十分之一。 10 因为亚伯拉罕遇见麦基洗德时,利未虽然还没有出生,却已经在他祖先的身体里面了。

大祭司耶稣

11 犹太人在利未祭司制度的基础上承受了律法,如果通过这个祭司制度可以达到纯全,又何必照麦基洗德的模式而不是亚伦的模式,另外兴起一位祭司呢? 12 既然这祭司制度更改了,律法也必须更改。 13 因为这里所说的这位祭司属于别的支派,那支派里从来没有在祭坛前供职的祭司。 14 显然,我们的主基督属于犹大支派,摩西从来没有说这个支派会出祭司。

15-16 如果照麦基洗德的模式另外兴起一位祭司,祂做祭司不是照律法要求的血统关系,而是照不能朽坏之生命的大能,事情就更加清楚了。 17 因为有一处经文为祂做见证说:“你照麦基洗德的模式永远做祭司。” 18 以前的条例由于本身的弱点和无益被废除了, 19 因为律法并没有使人变得纯全。但如今,我们可以借着一个更美好的盼望来到上帝面前。

20 此外,耶稣做祭司并非没有誓言作保,其他人做祭司没有誓言作保。 21 上帝只对耶稣说过:

“主起了誓,绝不反悔,
你永远做祭司。”

22 这誓言使耶稣成了更美之约的保证人。 23 以前做祭司的人数极多,但因为受死亡的限制,都不能长久担任圣职。 24 然而,基督永远活着,祂的祭司职位也永不更改。 25 所以祂能拯救那些靠着祂来到上帝面前的人,直到永远,因为祂永远活着,为他们祈求。

26 我们所需要的,正是这样一位圣洁无瑕、良善纯全、远离罪恶、超越诸天的大祭司。 27 祂无需像其他大祭司每天先为自己的罪献祭,然后为百姓的罪献祭,因为祂只一次献上自己的生命,便永远完成了赎罪的工作。 28 根据律法所立的大祭司都有弱点,但律法之后凭誓言所立的大祭司——上帝的儿子永远纯全。

14 Seeing then that we have a great high priest, that is passed into the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold fast our profession.

15 For we have not an high priest which cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities; but was in all points tempted like as we are, yet without sin.

16 Let us therefore come boldly unto the throne of grace, that we may obtain mercy, and find grace to help in time of need.

For every high priest taken from among men is ordained for men in things pertaining to God, that he may offer both gifts and sacrifices for sins:

Who can have compassion on the ignorant, and on them that are out of the way; for that he himself also is compassed with infirmity.

And by reason hereof he ought, as for the people, so also for himself, to offer for sins.

And no man taketh this honour unto himself, but he that is called of God, as was Aaron.

So also Christ glorified not himself to be made an high priest; but he that said unto him, Thou art my Son, to day have I begotten thee.

As he saith also in another place, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec.

Who in the days of his flesh, when he had offered up prayers and supplications with strong crying and tears unto him that was able to save him from death, and was heard in that he feared;

Though he were a Son, yet learned he obedience by the things which he suffered;

And being made perfect, he became the author of eternal salvation unto all them that obey him;

10 Called of God an high priest after the order of Melchisedec.

11 Of whom we have many things to say, and hard to be uttered, seeing ye are dull of hearing.

12 For when for the time ye ought to be teachers, ye have need that one teach you again which be the first principles of the oracles of God; and are become such as have need of milk, and not of strong meat.

13 For every one that useth milk is unskilful in the word of righteousness: for he is a babe.

14 But strong meat belongeth to them that are of full age, even those who by reason of use have their senses exercised to discern both good and evil.

Therefore leaving the principles of the doctrine of Christ, let us go on unto perfection; not laying again the foundation of repentance from dead works, and of faith toward God,

Of the doctrine of baptisms, and of laying on of hands, and of resurrection of the dead, and of eternal judgment.

And this will we do, if God permit.

For it is impossible for those who were once enlightened, and have tasted of the heavenly gift, and were made partakers of the Holy Ghost,

And have tasted the good word of God, and the powers of the world to come,

If they shall fall away, to renew them again unto repentance; seeing they crucify to themselves the Son of God afresh, and put him to an open shame.

For the earth which drinketh in the rain that cometh oft upon it, and bringeth forth herbs meet for them by whom it is dressed, receiveth blessing from God:

But that which beareth thorns and briers is rejected, and is nigh unto cursing; whose end is to be burned.

But, beloved, we are persuaded better things of you, and things that accompany salvation, though we thus speak.

10 For God is not unrighteous to forget your work and labour of love, which ye have shewed toward his name, in that ye have ministered to the saints, and do minister.

11 And we desire that every one of you do shew the same diligence to the full assurance of hope unto the end:

12 That ye be not slothful, but followers of them who through faith and patience inherit the promises.

13 For when God made promise to Abraham, because he could swear by no greater, he sware by himself,

14 Saying, Surely blessing I will bless thee, and multiplying I will multiply thee.

15 And so, after he had patiently endured, he obtained the promise.

16 For men verily swear by the greater: and an oath for confirmation is to them an end of all strife.

17 Wherein God, willing more abundantly to shew unto the heirs of promise the immutability of his counsel, confirmed it by an oath:

18 That by two immutable things, in which it was impossible for God to lie, we might have a strong consolation, who have fled for refuge to lay hold upon the hope set before us:

19 Which hope we have as an anchor of the soul, both sure and stedfast, and which entereth into that within the veil;

20 Whither the forerunner is for us entered, even Jesus, made an high priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec.

For this Melchisedec, king of Salem, priest of the most high God, who met Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings, and blessed him;

To whom also Abraham gave a tenth part of all; first being by interpretation King of righteousness, and after that also King of Salem, which is, King of peace;

Without father, without mother, without descent, having neither beginning of days, nor end of life; but made like unto the Son of God; abideth a priest continually.

Now consider how great this man was, unto whom even the patriarch Abraham gave the tenth of the spoils.

And verily they that are of the sons of Levi, who receive the office of the priesthood, have a commandment to take tithes of the people according to the law, that is, of their brethren, though they come out of the loins of Abraham:

But he whose descent is not counted from them received tithes of Abraham, and blessed him that had the promises.

And without all contradiction the less is blessed of the better.

And here men that die receive tithes; but there he receiveth them, of whom it is witnessed that he liveth.

And as I may so say, Levi also, who receiveth tithes, payed tithes in Abraham.

10 For he was yet in the loins of his father, when Melchisedec met him.

11 If therefore perfection were by the Levitical priesthood, (for under it the people received the law,) what further need was there that another priest should rise after the order of Melchisedec, and not be called after the order of Aaron?

12 For the priesthood being changed, there is made of necessity a change also of the law.

13 For he of whom these things are spoken pertaineth to another tribe, of which no man gave attendance at the altar.

14 For it is evident that our Lord sprang out of Juda; of which tribe Moses spake nothing concerning priesthood.

15 And it is yet far more evident: for that after the similitude of Melchisedec there ariseth another priest,

16 Who is made, not after the law of a carnal commandment, but after the power of an endless life.

17 For he testifieth, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec.

18 For there is verily a disannulling of the commandment going before for the weakness and unprofitableness thereof.

19 For the law made nothing perfect, but the bringing in of a better hope did; by the which we draw nigh unto God.

20 And inasmuch as not without an oath he was made priest:

21 (For those priests were made without an oath; but this with an oath by him that said unto him, The Lord sware and will not repent, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec:)

22 By so much was Jesus made a surety of a better testament.

23 And they truly were many priests, because they were not suffered to continue by reason of death:

24 But this man, because he continueth ever, hath an unchangeable priesthood.

25 Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them.

26 For such an high priest became us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens;

27 Who needeth not daily, as those high priests, to offer up sacrifice, first for his own sins, and then for the people's: for this he did once, when he offered up himself.

28 For the law maketh men high priests which have infirmity; but the word of the oath, which was since the law, maketh the Son, who is consecrated for evermore.