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耶穌比摩西更尊貴

因此,同蒙天召的聖潔的弟兄啊!你們應該想想耶穌,就是作使徒、作我們所宣認的大祭司的那一位。 他忠於那位委派他的,好像摩西在 神的全家盡忠一樣。 他比摩西配得更大的榮耀,好像建造房屋的人比房屋配得更大的尊貴一樣。 因為每一間房屋都是人建造的,只有萬物是 神建造的。 摩西不過是個僕人,在 神的全家盡忠,為以後要傳講的事作證; 但是基督卻是兒子,管理自己的家。如果我們把坦然無懼的心和可誇的盼望持守到底,我們就是他的家了。

以色列人因不信得不到安息

所以,就像聖靈所說的:

“如果你們今天聽從他的聲音,

就不要硬著心,

好像在曠野惹他發怒、

試探他的日子一樣;

在那裡,你們的祖先以試驗來試探我,

觀看我的作為有四十年之久。

10 所以,我向那個世代的人發怒,說:‘他們心裡常常迷誤,

不認識我的道路。’

11 我就在烈怒中起誓,說:

‘他們絕不可進入我的安息。’”

12 弟兄們,你們要小心,免得你們中間有人存著邪惡、不信的心,以致離棄了永活的 神; 13 趁著還有叫作“今天”的時候,總要天天互相勸勉,免得你們中間有人受了罪惡的誘惑,心裡就剛硬了。 14 如果我們把起初的信念堅持到底,就是有分於基督的人了。 15 經上說:

“如果你們今天聽從他的聲音,

就不要硬著心,

像惹他發怒的時候一樣。”

16 那時,聽了他的話而惹他發怒的是誰呢?不就是摩西從埃及領出來的那些人嗎? 17 四十年之久, 神向誰發怒呢?不就是向那些犯了罪陳屍曠野的人嗎? 18 他又向誰起誓說,他們絕對不可以進入他的安息呢?不就是向那些不順從的人嗎? 19 這樣看來,他們不能進入安息,是因為不信的緣故。

耶稣超越摩西

因此,同蒙天召的圣洁的弟兄姊妹,你们应当仔细思想那位我们公认为特使和大祭司的耶稣。 祂向委任祂的上帝尽忠,就好像摩西向上帝的全家尽忠一样。 然而祂却比摩西配得更大的荣耀,因为建造房子的人当然比房子更尊贵。 所有的房子都有建造者,但建造万物的是上帝。 摩西以仆人的身份向上帝的全家尽忠,为将来要宣告的事做见证。 但基督是以儿子的身份忠心治理上帝的家。我们若坚强勇敢,持定引以为荣的盼望,我们就是祂的家了。

不可存刚硬的心

因此,正如圣灵说:

“你们今天若听见祂的声音,
不可心里顽固,
像从前在旷野试探祂、悖逆祂一样。
当时,你们的祖先试我、探我,
观看我的作为达四十年之久。
10 所以,我向那世代的人发怒,
说,‘他们总是执迷不悟,
不认识我的道路。’
11 我就在愤怒中起誓说,
‘他们绝不可进入我的安息。’”

12 弟兄姊妹,要谨慎,免得你们当中有人心存恶念,不肯相信,背弃了永活的上帝。 13 趁着还有今日,要天天互相劝勉,免得有人被罪迷惑,心里变得刚硬。 14 如果我们将起初的信念坚持到底,便在基督里有份了。

15 圣经上说:

“你们今日若听见祂的声音,
不可像从前那样硬着心悖逆祂。”

16 听见祂的声音却又悖逆祂的是谁呢?不就是摩西从埃及领出来的那些人吗? 17 四十年之久惹上帝发怒的是谁呢?不就是那些犯罪作恶并倒毙在旷野的人吗? 18 上帝起誓不准谁进入祂的安息呢?不就是那些不肯信从的人吗? 19 可见,他们不能进入上帝的安息是因为不信的缘故。

Jesus and Moses

Therefore, holy brothers and sisters,[a] partners in a heavenly calling, take note of Jesus, the apostle and high priest whom we confess,[b] who is faithful to the one who appointed him, as Moses was also in God’s[c] house.[d] For he has come to deserve greater glory than Moses, just as the builder of a house deserves greater honor than the house itself! For every house is built by someone, but the builder of all things is God. Now Moses was faithful in all God’s[e] house[f] as a servant, to testify to the things that would be spoken. But Christ[g] is faithful as a son over God’s[h] house. We are of his house,[i] if in fact we hold firmly[j] to our confidence and the hope we take pride in.[k]

Exposition of Psalm 95: Hearing God’s Word in Faith

Therefore, as the Holy Spirit says,[l]

Oh, that today you would listen as he speaks![m]
Do not harden your hearts as in the rebellion, in the day of testing in the wilderness.
There your fathers tested me and tried me,[n] and they saw my works for forty years.
10 Therefore, I became provoked at that generation and said, ‘Their hearts are always wandering[o] and they have not known my ways.’
11 As I swore in my anger, ‘They will never enter my rest!’”[p]

12 See to it,[q] brothers and sisters,[r] that none of you has[s] an evil, unbelieving heart that forsakes[t] the living God.[u] 13 But exhort one another each day, as long as it is called “Today,” that none of you may become hardened by sin’s deception. 14 For we have become partners with Christ, if in fact we hold our initial confidence[v] firm until the end. 15 As it says,[w]Oh, that today you would listen as he speaks![x] Do not harden your hearts as in the rebellion.”[y] 16 For which ones heard and rebelled? Was it not all who came out of Egypt under Moses’ leadership?[z] 17 And against whom was God[aa] provoked for forty years? Was it not those who sinned, whose dead bodies fell in the wilderness?[ab] 18 And to whom did he swear they would never enter into his rest, except those who were disobedient? 19 So[ac] we see that they could not enter because of unbelief.

Footnotes

  1. Hebrews 3:1 tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 2:11.
  2. Hebrews 3:1 tn Grk “of our confession.”
  3. Hebrews 3:2 tn Grk “his”; in the translation the referent (God) has been specified for clarity.
  4. Hebrews 3:2 tc ‡ The reading adopted by the translation follows a few early mss and some versions (P13,46vid B vgms co Ambr). The majority of mss (א A C D Ψ 0243 0278 33 1739 1881 M lat sy) insert “all” (“in all his house”), apparently in anticipation of Heb 3:5 which quotes directly from Num 12:7. On balance, the omission better explains the rise of ὅλῳ (holō, “all”) than vice versa. NA28 puts ὅλῳ in brackets, indicating doubts as to its authenticity.
  5. Hebrews 3:5 tn Grk “his”; in the translation the referent (God) has been specified for clarity.
  6. Hebrews 3:5 sn A quotation from Num 12:7.
  7. Hebrews 3:6 sn The Greek makes the contrast between v. 5 and v. 6a more emphatic and explicit than is easily done in English.
  8. Hebrews 3:6 tn Grk “his”; in the translation the referent (God) has been specified for clarity.
  9. Hebrews 3:6 tn Grk “whose house we are,” continuing the previous sentence.
  10. Hebrews 3:6 tc The reading adopted by the translation is found in P13,46 B sa, while the vast majority of mss (א A C D Ψ 0243 0278 33 1739 1881 M latt) add μέχρι τέλους βεβαίαν (mechri telous bebaian, “secure until the end”). The external evidence for the omission, though minimal, has excellent credentials. Considering the internal factors, B. M. Metzger (TCGNT 595) finds it surprising that the feminine adjective βεβαίαν should modify the neuter noun καύχημα (kauchēma, here translated “we take pride”), a fact that suggests that even the form of the word was borrowed from another place. Since the same phrase occurs at Heb 3:14, it is likely that later scribes added it here at Heb 3:6 in anticipation of Heb 3:14. While these words belong at 3:14, they seem foreign to 3:6.
  11. Hebrews 3:6 tn Grk “the pride of our hope.”
  12. Hebrews 3:7 sn The following quotation is from Ps 95:7b-11.
  13. Hebrews 3:7 tn Grk “today if you hear his voice.”
  14. Hebrews 3:9 tn Grk “tested me by trial.”
  15. Hebrews 3:10 tn Grk “they are wandering in the heart.”
  16. Hebrews 3:11 tn Grk “if they shall enter my rest,” a Hebrew idiom expressing an oath that something will certainly not happen.
  17. Hebrews 3:12 tn Or “take care.”
  18. Hebrews 3:12 tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 2:11.
  19. Hebrews 3:12 tn Grk “that there not be in any of you.”
  20. Hebrews 3:12 tn Or “deserts,” “rebels against.”
  21. Hebrews 3:12 tn Grk “in forsaking the living God.”
  22. Hebrews 3:14 tn Grk “the beginning of the confidence.”
  23. Hebrews 3:15 tn Grk “while it is said.”
  24. Hebrews 3:15 tn Grk “today if you hear his voice.”
  25. Hebrews 3:15 sn A quotation from Ps 95:7b-8.
  26. Hebrews 3:16 tn Grk “through Moses.”
  27. Hebrews 3:17 tn Grk “he”; in the translation the referent (God) has been specified for clarity.
  28. Hebrews 3:17 sn An allusion to God’s judgment pronounced in Num 14:29, 32.
  29. Hebrews 3:19 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “So” to indicate a summary or conclusion to the argument of the preceding paragraph.

Jesus Greater Than Moses

Therefore, holy brothers and sisters,(A) who share in the heavenly calling,(B) fix your thoughts on Jesus, whom we acknowledge(C) as our apostle and high priest.(D) He was faithful to the one who appointed him, just as Moses was faithful in all God’s house.(E) Jesus has been found worthy of greater honor than Moses,(F) just as the builder of a house has greater honor than the house itself. For every house is built by someone, but God is the builder of everything.(G) “Moses was faithful as a servant(H) in all God’s house,”[a](I) bearing witness to what would be spoken by God in the future. But Christ is faithful as the Son(J) over God’s house. And we are his house,(K) if indeed we hold firmly(L) to our confidence and the hope(M) in which we glory.

Warning Against Unbelief

So, as the Holy Spirit says:(N)

“Today, if you hear his voice,
    do not harden your hearts(O)
as you did in the rebellion,
    during the time of testing in the wilderness,
where your ancestors tested and tried me,
    though for forty years they saw what I did.(P)
10 That is why I was angry with that generation;
    I said, ‘Their hearts are always going astray,
    and they have not known my ways.’
11 So I declared on oath in my anger,(Q)
    ‘They shall never enter my rest.’ (R)[b](S)

12 See to it, brothers and sisters, that none of you has a sinful, unbelieving heart that turns away from the living God.(T) 13 But encourage one another daily,(U) as long as it is called “Today,” so that none of you may be hardened by sin’s deceitfulness.(V) 14 We have come to share in Christ, if indeed we hold(W) our original conviction firmly to the very end.(X) 15 As has just been said:

“Today, if you hear his voice,
    do not harden your hearts
    as you did in the rebellion.”[c](Y)

16 Who were they who heard and rebelled? Were they not all those Moses led out of Egypt?(Z) 17 And with whom was he angry for forty years? Was it not with those who sinned, whose bodies perished in the wilderness?(AA) 18 And to whom did God swear that they would never enter his rest(AB) if not to those who disobeyed?(AC) 19 So we see that they were not able to enter, because of their unbelief.(AD)

Footnotes

  1. Hebrews 3:5 Num. 12:7
  2. Hebrews 3:11 Psalm 95:7-11
  3. Hebrews 3:15 Psalm 95:7,8