耶稣超越摩西

因此,同蒙天召的圣洁的弟兄姊妹,你们应当仔细思想那位我们公认为特使和大祭司的耶稣。 祂向委任祂的上帝尽忠,就好像摩西向上帝的全家尽忠一样。 然而祂却比摩西配得更大的荣耀,因为建造房子的人当然比房子更尊贵。 所有的房子都有建造者,但建造万物的是上帝。 摩西以仆人的身份向上帝的全家尽忠,为将来要宣告的事做见证。 但基督是以儿子的身份忠心治理上帝的家。我们若坚强勇敢,持定引以为荣的盼望,我们就是祂的家了。

不可存刚硬的心

因此,正如圣灵说:

“你们今天若听见祂的声音,
不可心里顽固,
像从前在旷野试探祂、悖逆祂一样。
当时,你们的祖先试我、探我,
观看我的作为达四十年之久。
10 所以,我向那世代的人发怒,
说,‘他们总是执迷不悟,
不认识我的道路。’
11 我就在愤怒中起誓说,
‘他们绝不可进入我的安息。’”

12 弟兄姊妹,要谨慎,免得你们当中有人心存恶念,不肯相信,背弃了永活的上帝。 13 趁着还有今日,要天天互相劝勉,免得有人被罪迷惑,心里变得刚硬。 14 如果我们将起初的信念坚持到底,便在基督里有份了。

15 圣经上说:

“你们今日若听见祂的声音,
不可像从前那样硬着心悖逆祂。”

16 听见祂的声音却又悖逆祂的是谁呢?不就是摩西从埃及领出来的那些人吗? 17 四十年之久惹上帝发怒的是谁呢?不就是那些犯罪作恶并倒毙在旷野的人吗? 18 上帝起誓不准谁进入祂的安息呢?不就是那些不肯信从的人吗? 19 可见,他们不能进入上帝的安息是因为不信的缘故。

Moses a Servant, Christ a Son

Therefore, brothers and sisters,[a] holy partners in a heavenly calling, consider that Jesus, the apostle and high priest of our confession, was faithful to the one who appointed him, just as Moses also “was faithful in all[b] God’s[c] house.” Yet Jesus[d] is worthy of more glory than Moses, just as the builder of a house has more honor than the house itself. (For every house is built by someone, but the builder of all things is God.) Now Moses was faithful in all God’s[e] house as a servant, to testify to the things that would be spoken later. Christ, however, was faithful over God’s[f] house as a son, and we are his house if we hold firm[g] the confidence and the pride that belong to hope.

Warning against Unbelief

Therefore, as the Holy Spirit says,

“Today, if you hear his voice,
do not harden your hearts as in the rebellion,
    as on the day of testing in the wilderness,
where your ancestors put me to the test,
    though they had seen my works 10 for forty years.
Therefore I was angry with that generation,
and I said, ‘They always go astray in their hearts,
    and they have not known my ways.’
11 As in my anger I swore,
    ‘They will not enter my rest.’”

12 Take care, brothers and sisters,[h] that none of you may have an evil, unbelieving heart that turns away from the living God. 13 But exhort one another every day, as long as it is called “today,” so that none of you may be hardened by the deceitfulness of sin. 14 For we have become partners of Christ, if only we hold our first confidence firm to the end. 15 As it is said,

“Today, if you hear his voice,
do not harden your hearts as in the rebellion.”

16 Now who were they who heard and yet were rebellious? Was it not all those who left Egypt under the leadership of Moses? 17 But with whom was he angry forty years? Was it not those who sinned, whose bodies fell in the wilderness? 18 And to whom did he swear that they would not enter his rest, if not to those who were disobedient? 19 So we see that they were unable to enter because of unbelief.

Footnotes

  1. Hebrews 3:1 Gk brothers
  2. Hebrews 3:2 Other ancient authorities lack all
  3. Hebrews 3:2 Gk his
  4. Hebrews 3:3 Gk this one
  5. Hebrews 3:5 Gk his
  6. Hebrews 3:6 Gk his
  7. Hebrews 3:6 Other ancient authorities add to the end
  8. Hebrews 3:12 Gk brothers

Our Apostle and High Priest

Therefore, holy brothers and companions in a heavenly calling, consider Jesus, the apostle and high priest of our confession;(A) He was faithful to the One who appointed Him, just as Moses was in all God’s household. For Jesus is considered worthy of more glory than Moses, just as the builder has more honor than the house. Now every house is built by someone, but the One who built everything is God.(B) Moses was faithful as a servant(C) in all God’s household, as a testimony to what would be said in the future. But Christ was faithful as a Son over His household. And we are that household if we hold on to the courage and the confidence of our hope.[a](D)

Warning against Unbelief

Therefore, as the Holy Spirit says:

Today, if you hear His voice,
do not harden your hearts as in the rebellion,
on the day of testing in the wilderness,
where your fathers tested Me, tried Me,
and saw My works 10 for 40 years.
Therefore I was provoked with that generation
and said, “They always go astray in their hearts,
and they have not known My ways.”
11 So I swore in My anger,
“They will not enter My rest.”(E)[b]

12 Watch out, brothers, so that there won’t be in any of you an evil, unbelieving heart that departs from the living God. 13 But encourage each other daily, while it is still called today, so that none of you is hardened by sin’s deception.(F) 14 For we have become companions of the Messiah if we hold firmly until the end the reality[c] that we had at the start.(G) 15 As it is said:

Today, if you hear His voice,
do not harden your hearts as in the rebellion.(H)[d]

16 For who heard and rebelled? Wasn’t it really all who came out of Egypt under Moses?(I) 17 And who was He provoked with for 40 years? Was it not with those who sinned, whose bodies fell in the wilderness?(J) 18 And who did He swear to that they would not enter His rest, if not those who disobeyed? 19 So we see that they were unable to enter because of unbelief.

Footnotes

  1. Hebrews 3:6 Other mss add firm to the end
  2. Hebrews 3:11 Ps 95:7-11
  3. Hebrews 3:14 Or confidence
  4. Hebrews 3:15 Ps 95:7-8

Jesus Greater Than Moses

Therefore, holy brothers and sisters,(A) who share in the heavenly calling,(B) fix your thoughts on Jesus, whom we acknowledge(C) as our apostle and high priest.(D) He was faithful to the one who appointed him, just as Moses was faithful in all God’s house.(E) Jesus has been found worthy of greater honor than Moses,(F) just as the builder of a house has greater honor than the house itself. For every house is built by someone, but God is the builder of everything.(G) “Moses was faithful as a servant(H) in all God’s house,”[a](I) bearing witness to what would be spoken by God in the future. But Christ is faithful as the Son(J) over God’s house. And we are his house,(K) if indeed we hold firmly(L) to our confidence and the hope(M) in which we glory.

Warning Against Unbelief

So, as the Holy Spirit says:(N)

“Today, if you hear his voice,
    do not harden your hearts(O)
as you did in the rebellion,
    during the time of testing in the wilderness,
where your ancestors tested and tried me,
    though for forty years they saw what I did.(P)
10 That is why I was angry with that generation;
    I said, ‘Their hearts are always going astray,
    and they have not known my ways.’
11 So I declared on oath in my anger,(Q)
    ‘They shall never enter my rest.’ (R)[b](S)

12 See to it, brothers and sisters, that none of you has a sinful, unbelieving heart that turns away from the living God.(T) 13 But encourage one another daily,(U) as long as it is called “Today,” so that none of you may be hardened by sin’s deceitfulness.(V) 14 We have come to share in Christ, if indeed we hold(W) our original conviction firmly to the very end.(X) 15 As has just been said:

“Today, if you hear his voice,
    do not harden your hearts
    as you did in the rebellion.”[c](Y)

16 Who were they who heard and rebelled? Were they not all those Moses led out of Egypt?(Z) 17 And with whom was he angry for forty years? Was it not with those who sinned, whose bodies perished in the wilderness?(AA) 18 And to whom did God swear that they would never enter his rest(AB) if not to those who disobeyed?(AC) 19 So we see that they were not able to enter, because of their unbelief.(AD)

Footnotes

  1. Hebrews 3:5 Num. 12:7
  2. Hebrews 3:11 Psalm 95:7-11
  3. Hebrews 3:15 Psalm 95:7,8

So all of you who are holy partners in a heavenly calling, let’s turn our attention to Jesus, the Emissary of God and High Priest, who brought us the faith we profess; and compare Him to Moses, who also brought words from God. Both of them were faithful to their missions, to the One who called them. But we value Jesus more than Moses, in the same way that we value a builder more than the house he builds. Every house is built by someone, but the builder of all things is God. Moses brought healing and redemption to his people as a faithful servant in God’s house, and he was a witness to the things that would be spoken later. But Jesus the Anointed was faithful as a Son of that house. (We become that house, if we’re able to hold on to the confident hope we have in God until the end.)

For the first-century Jewish-Christian audience, Moses is the rescuer of Hebrew slaves out of bondage in Egypt—the receiver of God’s law and the covenant. They remember how he shepherded the children of Israel safely through the desert for 40 years and led them to the brink of the promised land. He was indeed a remarkable man. Yet what Jesus has accomplished for everyone—not just the Jews—is on a totally different level. Moses was indeed faithful to God and accomplished a great deal as God’s servant. Jesus, too, is faithful to God, but He has accomplished what Moses could not because He is God’s very own Son.

Listen now, to the voice of the Holy Spirit through what the psalmist wrote:

Today, if you listen to His voice,
Don’t harden your hearts the way they did
    in the bitter uprising at Meribah
Where your ancestors tested Me
    though they had seen My marvelous power.
10 For the 40 years they traveled on
    to the land that I had promised them,
That generation broke My heart.
Grieving and angry, I said, “Their hearts are unfaithful;
    they don’t know what I want from them.”
11 That is why I swore in anger
    they would never enter salvation’s rest.[a]

12 Brothers and sisters, pay close attention so you won’t develop an evil and unbelieving heart that causes you to abandon the living God. 13 Encourage each other every day—for as long as we can still say “today”—so none of you let the deceitfulness of sin harden your hearts. 14 For we have become partners with the Anointed One—if we can just hold on to our confidence until the end.

15 Look at the lines from the psalm again:

Today, if you listen to His voice,
Don’t harden your hearts the way they did
    in the bitter uprising at Meribah.

16 Now who, exactly, was God talking to then? Who heard and rebelled? Wasn’t it all of those whom Moses led out of Egypt? 17 And who made God angry for an entire generation? Wasn’t it those who sinned against Him, those whose bodies are still buried in the wilderness, the site of that uprising? 18 It was those disobedient ones who God swore would never enter into salvation’s rest. 19 And we can see that they couldn’t enter because they did not believe.