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启示录 2
Chinese Standard Bible (Simplified)

给七个教会的信

给以弗所教会的信

2 “你要给那在以弗所教会的使者[a]写信说：

“那位右手握着七颗星、在七座金灯台中间行走的，这样说： 2 我知道你的行为，包括你的劳苦和忍耐，也知道你不能容忍恶人[b]。你曾考验那些自称是使徒，其实不是使徒的，而且看出他们是假的。 3 你也有忍耐，曾为我的名劳苦，并不疲乏。 4 然而，我有事要责备你，就是你放弃了你起初的爱； 5 所以你应当记住你是从哪里跌落的，应当悔改，应当行你起初所做的事！否则我[c]就要来到你那里；如果你不悔改，我就要把你的灯台从原处挪去。 6 不过，你有这一点可取之处[d]，就是你恨恶尼古拉派的行为，那些行为也是我所恨恶的。

7 “凡是有耳的，就应当听圣灵向各教会所说的话！那得胜的，我将要准许他吃神乐园中生命树的果子[e]。

给士每拿教会的信

8 “你要给士每拿教会的使者[f]写信说：

“那位首先的、末后的，那位曾经死去又活过来的，这样说： 9 我知道你的[g]患难和贫穷；其实你是富有的。我也知道从那些自称是犹太人而来的毁谤，其实他们不是犹太人，而是属于撒旦会堂的。 10 你不要怕将要受的苦。看哪，魔鬼要把你们当中一些人投进监狱，使你们受考验；你们将受十天的患难。你应当至死忠心，我就把生命的冠冕赐给你。

11 “凡是有耳的，就应当听圣灵向各教会所说的话！那得胜的，绝不会被第二次的死亡所伤害。

给佩尔伽马教会的信

12 “你要给那在佩尔伽马教会的使者[h]写信说：

“那位有双刃利剑的，这样说： 13 我知道[i]你居住的地方，就是撒旦宝座所在的地方。不过即使在我忠心的见证人安提帕的那些日子里，你还持守我的名，也没有否认对我的信仰；这安提帕是在你们那里，也就是在撒旦居住的地方被杀害的。 14 然而，我有几件事要责备你，就是在你那里有些人持守巴兰的教导。这巴兰曾教唆巴勒把绊脚石放在以色列子民面前，就是使他们吃祭过偶像的食物，并且行淫乱。 15 同样，你那里也有些人持守与尼古拉派一样的教导。[j] 16 所以，你应当悔改，否则我就会立即来到你那里，用我口中的剑与他们交战。

17 “凡是有耳的，就应当听圣灵向各教会所说的话！那得胜的，我将要赐给他那隐藏的吗哪。我还要赐给他[k]一块白石头，石头上有一个写好的新名字，除了那领受的人以外，没有人认识这名字。

给锡亚蒂拉教会的信

18 “你要给那在锡亚蒂拉教会的使者[l]写信说：

“神的儿子，就是那位眼睛如火焰、两脚仿佛精铜的，这样说： 19 我知道你的行为，包括你的爱心、信仰、服事和忍耐，也知道你最近所做的比先前的更多。 20 然而，我有事[m]要责备你，就是你容忍那自称是女先知的妇人耶洗别，教唆并迷惑我的奴仆们行淫乱、吃祭过偶像的食物。 21 我曾给她时间，好让她悔改，她却不肯[n]悔改离开自己的淫乱。 22 看哪，我要把她扔在痛苦的[o]床上。那些与她通奸的人，如果不悔改离开她[p]的行为，我也要把他们扔在大患难中。 23 我要用瘟疫[q]击杀她的儿女[r]，这样各教会就将知道我就是洞察情感和心思的那一位；我也要照着你们的行为回报你们每个人。 24 至于你们其余在锡亚蒂拉的人，就是那些不接受这教训的、那些不知道所谓“撒旦深奥之事”的，我告诉你们：我不会把另一个重担放在你们身上。 25 不过你们应当持守你们所拥有的，直到我来。 26 那得胜的，那把我的工作持守到底的，我将要赐给他权柄统管列国——

27 他将用铁杖治理[s]列国，
如同打碎陶器那样[t]——就像我也从我父那里领受了权柄一样； 28 我还要把晨星赐给他。

29 “凡是有耳的，就应当听圣灵向各教会所说的话！

Footnotes

  1. 启示录 2:1 使者——或译作“天使”。
  2. 启示录 2:2 恶人——或译作“恶事”。
  3. 启示录 2:5 有古抄本附“很快”。
  4. 启示录 2:6 可取之处——辅助词语。
  5. 启示录 2:7 果子——辅助词语。
  6. 启示录 2:8 使者——或译作“天使”。
  7. 启示录 2:9 有古抄本附“行为、”。
  8. 启示录 2:12 使者——或译作“天使”。
  9. 启示录 2:13 有古抄本附“你的行为和”。
  10. 启示录 2:15 有古抄本附“这是我所恨恶的。”
  11. 启示录 2:17 赐给他——有古抄本作“赐给他吃”。
  12. 启示录 2:18 使者——或译作“天使”。
  13. 启示录 2:20 有事——有古抄本作“有几件事”。
  14. 启示录 2:21 有古抄本没有“肯”。
  15. 启示录 2:22 痛苦的——辅助词语。
  16. 启示录 2:22 她——有古抄本作“他们”。
  17. 启示录 2:23 瘟疫——或译作“死症”。
  18. 启示录 2:23 她的儿女——指“那些跟随她的人”。
  19. 启示录 2:27 治理——原文直译“牧养”。
  20. 启示录 2:27 《诗篇》2:9。
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Apocalipse 2
Nova Traduҫão na Linguagem de Hoje 2000

Mensagem à igreja de Éfeso

2 — Ao anjo da igreja de Éfeso escreva o seguinte:

“Esta é a mensagem daquele que está segurando as sete estrelas na mão direita e que anda no meio dos sete candelabros de ouro. 2 Eu sei o que vocês têm feito. Sei que trabalharam muito e aguentaram o sofrimento com paciência. Sei que vocês não podem suportar pessoas más e sei que puseram à prova os que dizem que são apóstolos, mas não são, e assim vocês descobriram que eles são mentirosos. 3 Vocês aguentaram a situação com paciência e sofreram por minha causa, sem desanimarem. 4 Porém tenho uma coisa contra vocês: é que agora vocês não me amam como me amavam no princípio. 5 Lembrem do quanto vocês caíram! Arrependam-se dos seus pecados e façam o que faziam no princípio. Se não se arrependerem, eu virei e tirarei o candelabro de vocês do seu lugar. 6 Mas vocês têm a seu favor isto: odeiam o que os nicolaítas fazem, como eu também odeio.

7 “Portanto, se vocês têm ouvidos para ouvir, então ouçam o que o Espírito de Deus diz às igrejas.

“Aos que conseguirem a vitória eu darei o direito de comerem da fruta da árvore da vida, que cresce no jardim de Deus.”

Mensagem à igreja de Esmirna

8 — Ao anjo da igreja de Esmirna escreva o seguinte:

“Esta é a mensagem daquele que é o Primeiro e o Último, que morreu e tornou a viver. 9 Eu sei o que vocês estão sofrendo. Sei que são pobres, mas, de fato, são ricos. Sei como aqueles que afirmam que são judeus, mas não são, falam mal de vocês. Eles são um grupo que pertence a Satanás. 10 Não tenham medo do que vocês vão sofrer. Escutem! O Diabo vai pôr na prisão alguns de vocês para que sejam provados e sofram durante dez dias. Sejam fiéis, mesmo que tenham de morrer; e, como prêmio da vitória, eu lhes darei a vida.

11 “Portanto, se vocês têm ouvidos para ouvir, então ouçam o que o Espírito de Deus diz às igrejas.

“Aqueles que conseguirem a vitória não sofrerão o castigo da segunda morte .”

Mensagem à igreja de Pérgamo

12 — Ao anjo da igreja de Pérgamo escreva o seguinte:

“Esta é a mensagem daquele que tem a espada afiada dos dois lados. 13 Eu sei que vocês moram aí onde está o trono de Satanás. Vocês são fiéis e não abandonaram a fé que têm em mim, até mesmo quando Antipas, minha testemunha fiel, foi morto aí em Pérgamo, onde Satanás mora. 14 Mas tenho algumas coisas contra vocês: há entre vocês alguns que seguem o ensinamento de Balaão, que mostrou a Balaque como fazer com que o povo de Israel pecasse, dizendo que os israelitas deviam comer alimentos oferecidos aos ídolos e cometer imoralidades. 15 Assim também estão entre vocês alguns que seguem os ensinamentos dos nicolaítas. 16 Arrependam-se! Se não, eu logo irei até aí e, com a espada que sai da minha boca, lutarei contra essa gente.

17 “Portanto, se vocês têm ouvidos para ouvir, então ouçam o que o Espírito de Deus diz às igrejas.

“Aos que conseguirem a vitória eu darei do maná escondido. E a cada um deles darei uma pedra branca, na qual está escrito um nome novo que ninguém conhece, a não ser quem o recebe.”

Mensagem à igreja de Tiatira

18 — Ao anjo da igreja de Tiatira escreva o seguinte:

“Esta é a mensagem do Filho de Deus, que tem olhos que brilham como o fogo e pés brilhantes como o bronze polido. 19 Eu sei o que vocês estão fazendo. Sei que têm amor, são fiéis, trabalham e aguentam o sofrimento com paciência. Eu sei que vocês estão fazendo mais agora do que no princípio. 20 Porém tenho contra vocês uma coisa: é que toleram Jezabel, aquela mulher que diz que é profetisa. Ela leva os meus servos para o mau caminho, ensinando-os a cometer imoralidade sexual e a comerem alimentos que foram oferecidos aos ídolos. 21 Eu lhe dei tempo para abandonar os seus pecados, porém ela não quer deixar a imoralidade. 22 Portanto, eu a jogarei numa cama, onde ela e os que com ela cometem adultério sofrerão horrivelmente. Farei isso agora, a não ser que eles se arrependam das coisas más que fizeram junto com ela. 23 Matarei os seguidores dela, e então todas as igrejas saberão que eu sou aquele que conhece os pensamentos e os desejos de todos. Eu pagarei a cada um de vocês de acordo com o que tiver feito.

24 “Porém aí em Tiatira o resto de vocês não seguiu esse mau ensinamento. Vocês não aprenderam o que alguns chamam de ‘os segredos profundos de Satanás’ . Afirmo que não porei mais nenhuma carga sobre vocês. 25 Mas, até que eu venha, guardem bem aquilo que vocês têm.

26-28 “Aos que conseguirem a vitória e continuarem a fazer até o fim a minha vontade eu darei a mesma autoridade que recebi do meu Pai: autoridade sobre as nações para governá-las com uma barra de ferro e quebrá-las em pedaços como se fossem potes de barro. Eu lhes darei a estrela da manhã .

29 “Portanto, se vocês têm ouvidos para ouvir, então ouçam o que o Espírito de Deus diz às igrejas.”

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Revelation 2
New English Translation

To the Church in Ephesus

2 “To the angel of the church in Ephesus, write the following:[a]

“This is the solemn pronouncement of[b] the one who has a firm grasp on[c] the seven stars in his right hand[d]—the one who walks among the seven golden[e] lampstands: 2 ‘I know your works as well as your[f] labor and steadfast endurance, and that you cannot tolerate[g] evil. You have even put to the test[h] those who refer to themselves as apostles (but are not), and have discovered that they are false. 3 I am also aware[i] that you have persisted steadfastly,[j] endured much for the sake of my name, and have not grown weary. 4 But I have this against you: You have departed[k] from your first love! 5 Therefore, remember from what high state[l] you have fallen and repent! Do[m] the deeds you did at the first;[n] if not, I will come to you and remove your lampstand from its place—that is, if you do not repent.[o] 6 But you do have this going for you:[p] You hate what the Nicolaitans[q] practice[r]—practices I also hate. 7 The one who has an ear had better hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To the one who conquers,[s] I will permit[t] him to eat from the tree of life that is[u] in the paradise of God.’[v]

To the Church in Smyrna

8 “To[w] the angel of the church in Smyrna write the following:[x]

“This is the solemn pronouncement of[y] the one who is the first and the last, the one who was dead, but[z] came to life: 9 ‘I know the distress you are suffering[aa] and your poverty (but you are rich). I also know[ab] the slander against you[ac] by those who call themselves Jews and really are not, but are a synagogue[ad] of Satan. 10 Do not be afraid of the things you are about to suffer. The devil is about to have some of you thrown[ae] into prison so you may be tested,[af] and you will experience suffering[ag] for ten days. Remain faithful even to the point of death, and I will give you the crown that is life itself.[ah] 11 The one who has an ear had better hear what the Spirit says to the churches. The one who conquers[ai] will in no way be harmed by the second death.’

To the Church in Pergamum

12 “To[aj] the angel of the church in Pergamum write the following:[ak]

“This is the solemn pronouncement of[al] the one who has the sharp double-edged sword:[am] 13 ‘I know[an] where you live—where Satan’s throne is. Yet[ao] you continue to cling[ap] to my name and you have not denied your[aq] faith in me,[ar] even in the days of Antipas, my faithful witness,[as] who was killed in your city[at] where Satan lives. 14 But I have a few things against you: You have some people there who follow the teaching of Balaam,[au] who instructed Balak to put a stumbling block[av] before the people[aw] of Israel so they would eat food sacrificed to idols and commit sexual immorality.[ax] 15 In the same way, there are also some among you who follow the teaching of the Nicolaitans.[ay] 16 Therefore,[az] repent! If not, I will come against you quickly and make war against those people[ba] with the sword of my mouth. 17 The one who has an ear had better hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To the one who conquers,[bb] I will give him some of the hidden manna, and I will give him a white[bc] stone,[bd] and on that stone will be written a new name that no one can understand[be] except the one who receives it.’

To the Church in Thyatira

18 “To[bf] the angel of the church in Thyatira write the following:[bg]

“This is the solemn pronouncement of[bh] the Son of God, the one who has eyes like a fiery flame[bi] and whose feet are like polished bronze:[bj] 19 ‘I know your deeds: your love, faith,[bk] service, and steadfast endurance.[bl] In fact,[bm] your more recent deeds are greater than your earlier ones. 20 But I have this against you: You tolerate that[bn] woman[bo] Jezebel,[bp] who calls herself a prophetess, and by her teaching deceives[bq] my servants[br] to commit sexual immorality and to eat food sacrificed to idols.[bs] 21 I[bt] have given her time to repent, but[bu] she is not willing to repent of her sexual immorality. 22 Look! I am throwing her onto a bed of violent illness,[bv] and those who commit adultery with her into terrible suffering,[bw] unless they repent of her deeds. 23 Furthermore, I will strike her followers[bx] with a deadly disease,[by] and then all the churches will know that I am the one who searches minds and hearts. I will repay[bz] each one of you[ca] what your deeds deserve.[cb] 24 But to the rest of you in Thyatira, all who do not hold to this teaching[cc] (who have not learned the so-called “deep secrets[cd] of Satan”), to you I say: I do not put any additional burden on you. 25 However, hold on to what you have until I come. 26 And to the one who conquers[ce] and who continues in[cf] my deeds until the end, I will give him authority over the nations[cg]—

27 he[ch] will rule[ci] them with an iron rod[cj]
and like clay jars he will break them to pieces,[ck]

28 just as I have received the right to rule[cl] from my Father—and I will give him the morning star.[cm] 29 The one who has an ear had better hear what the Spirit says to the churches.’

Footnotes

  1. Revelation 2:1 tn The phrase “the following” after “write” is supplied to clarify that what follows is the content of what is to be written.
  2. Revelation 2:1 tn Grk “These things says [the One]…” The expression τάδε λέγει (tade legei) occurs eight times in the NT, seven of which are in Rev 2-3. “The pronoun is used to add solemnity to the prophetic utterance that follows.…In classical drama, it was used to introduce a new actor to the scene (Smyth, Greek Grammar, 307 [§1241]). But the τάδε λέγει formula in the NT derives from the OT, where it was used to introduce a prophetic utterance (BAGD, s.v. ὅδε, 1)” (ExSyn 328). Thus, the translation “this is the solemn pronouncement of” for τάδε λέγει is very much in keeping with the OT connotations of this expression.sn The expression This is the solemn pronouncement of reflects an OT idiom. The LXX has the same Greek phrase (τάδε λέγει, tade legei) about 350 times, with nearly 320 of them having “the Lord” (Heb יהוה, Yahweh) as subject. That the author of Revelation would use such an expression seven times with the risen Christ as the speaker may well imply something of Christ’s sovereignty and deity. Cf. also Acts 21:11 in which the Holy Spirit is the speaker of this expression.
  3. Revelation 2:1 tn Grk “holds,” but the term (i.e., κρατῶν, kratōn) with an accusative object, along with the context, argues for a sense of firmness. (Cf. ExSyn 132.)
  4. Revelation 2:1 sn On seven stars in his right hand see 1:16.
  5. Revelation 2:1 tn Grk “lampstands of gold” with the genitive τῶν χρυσῶν (tōn chrusōn) translated as an attributive genitive.
  6. Revelation 2:2 tn Although the first possessive pronoun σου (sou) is connected to τὰ ἔργα (ta erga) and the second σου is connected to ὑπομονήν (hupomonēn), semantically κόπον (kopon) is also to be understood as belonging to the Ephesian church. The translation reflects this.
  7. Revelation 2:2 tn The translation “tolerate” seems to capture the sense of βαστάσαι (bastasai) here. BDAG 171 s.v. βαστάζω 2.b.β says, “bear, endure…κακούς Rv 2:2.…bear patiently, put up with: weaknesses of the weak Ro 15:1; cf. IPol 1:2; evil Rv 2:3.”
  8. Revelation 2:2 tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, the participle was broken off from the previous sentence and translated as an indicative verb beginning a new sentence here in the translation.
  9. Revelation 2:3 tn Because of the length and complexity of this Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation by supplying the phrase “I am also aware” to link this English sentence back to “I know” at the beginning of v. 2.
  10. Revelation 2:3 tn The Greek word translated “persisted steadfastly” (ὑπομονή, hupomonē) is the same one translated “steadfast endurance” in v. 2.
  11. Revelation 2:4 tn The Greek word translated “departed from” (ἀφίημι, aphiēmi; L&N 15.48) can actually be used of divorce (L&N 34.78), so the imagery here is very strong.
  12. Revelation 2:5 tn Grk “from where,” but status is in view rather than physical position. On this term BDAG 838 s.v. πόθεν 1 states, “from what place? from where?…In imagery μνημόνευε πόθεν πέπτωκες remember from what (state) you have fallen Rv 2:5.”
  13. Revelation 2:5 tn Grk “and do” (a continuation of the previous sentence in the Greek text). For stylistic reasons in English a new sentence was started here in the translation. The repeated mention of repenting at the end of the verse suggests that the intervening material (“do the deeds you did at first”) specifies how the repentance is to be demonstrated.
  14. Revelation 2:5 tn Or “you did formerly.”
  15. Revelation 2:5 tn Although the final clause is somewhat awkward, it is typical of the style of Revelation.
  16. Revelation 2:6 tn Grk “But you do have this.” The words “going for you” are supplied to complete the English idiom; other phrases like “in your favor” (NIV) or “to your credit” (NRSV) could also be supplied.
  17. Revelation 2:6 sn The Nicolaitans were a sect that apparently taught that Christians could engage in immoral behavior with impunity. They are also mentioned in 2:15. They are sometimes associated with Nicolaus, one of the seven original deacons in the church in Jerusalem according to Acts 6:5. The early church father Irenaeus connected them to Nicolaus and further described them as an immoral Gnostic sect (Adv. Haer. 1.26.3; 3.11.1). It is unclear however if the association of the Nicolaitans with the Nicolaus of Acts 6:5 is correct as this view may have arisen based on simple name identification rather than a real historical connection. It is also possible that the group adopted the name of Nicolaus to give them credibility (Eusebius, Eccl. Hist. 3.29.1).
  18. Revelation 2:6 tn The expression τὰ ἔργα τῶν Νικολαϊτῶν (ta erga tōn Nikolaitōn) has been translated as a subjective genitive.
  19. Revelation 2:7 tn Or “who is victorious”; traditionally, “who overcomes.” The pendent dative is allowed to stand in the English translation because it is characteristic of the author’s style in Revelation.
  20. Revelation 2:7 tn Or “grant.”
  21. Revelation 2:7 tn Or “stands.”
  22. Revelation 2:7 tc The omission of “my” (μου, mou) after “God” (θεοῦ, theou) is well attested, supported by א A C and the Andreas of Caesarea group of Byzantine mss (MA). Its addition in 1611, the MK group, latt, and others, seems to be evidence of a purposeful conforming of the text to 3:2 and the four occurrences of “my God” (θεοῦ μου) in 3:12.
  23. Revelation 2:8 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated due to differences between Greek and English style.
  24. Revelation 2:8 tn The phrase “the following” after “write” is supplied to clarify that what follows is the content of what is to be written.
  25. Revelation 2:8 tn Grk “These things says [the One]…” See the note on the phrase “this is the solemn pronouncement of” in 2:1.sn The expression This is the solemn pronouncement of reflects an OT idiom. See the note on this phrase in 2:1.
  26. Revelation 2:8 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present between these two phrases.
  27. Revelation 2:9 tn Or “know your suffering.” This could refer to suffering or distress caused by persecution (see L&N 22.2).
  28. Revelation 2:9 tn Because of the length and complexity of this Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation by supplying the phrase “I also know” to link this English sentence back to “I know” at the beginning of the verse.
  29. Revelation 2:9 tn The words “against you” are not in the Greek text, but are implied.
  30. Revelation 2:9 sn A synagogue was a place for Jewish prayer and worship, with recognized leadership (e.g., Mt 4:23, Mk 1:21, Lk 4:15, Jn 6:59).
  31. Revelation 2:10 tn Grk “is about to throw some of you,” but the force is causative in context.
  32. Revelation 2:10 tn Or “tempted.”
  33. Revelation 2:10 tn Or “experience persecution,” “will be in distress” (see L&N 22.2).
  34. Revelation 2:10 tn Grk “crown of life,” with the genitive “of life” (τῆς ζωῆς, tēs zōēs) functioning in apposition to “crown” (στέφανον, stephanon): “the crown that consists of life.”
  35. Revelation 2:11 tn Or “who is victorious”; traditionally, “who overcomes.”
  36. Revelation 2:12 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated due to differences between Greek and English style.
  37. Revelation 2:12 tn The phrase “the following” after “write” is supplied to clarify that what follows is the content of what is to be written.
  38. Revelation 2:12 tn Grk “These things says [the One]…” See the note on the phrase “this is the solemn pronouncement of” in 2:1.sn The expression This is the solemn pronouncement of reflects an OT idiom. See the note on this phrase in 2:1.
  39. Revelation 2:12 sn On the sharp double-edged sword see 1:16.
  40. Revelation 2:13 tc The shorter reading adopted here has superior ms support (א A C P 2053 al latt co), while the inclusion of “your works and” (τὰ ἔργα σου καί, ta erga sou kai) before “where you reside” is supported by the Byzantine witnesses and is evidently a secondary attempt to harmonize the passage with 2:2, 19; 3:1, 8, 15.
  41. Revelation 2:13 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “Yet” to indicate the contrast between their location and their faithful behavior.
  42. Revelation 2:13 tn The present indicative verb κρατεῖς (krateis) has been translated as a progressive present.
  43. Revelation 2:13 tn Grk “the faith”; here the Greek article is used as a possessive pronoun (ExSyn 215).
  44. Revelation 2:13 tn Grk “the faith of me” (τὴν πίστιν μου, tēn pistin mou) with the genitive “of me” (μου) functioning objectively.
  45. Revelation 2:13 tn Or “martyr.” The Greek word μάρτυς can mean either “witness” or “martyr.”
  46. Revelation 2:13 tn Grk “killed among you.” The term “city” does not occur in the Greek text of course, but the expression παρ᾿ ὑμῖν, ὅπου ὁ σατανᾶς κατοικεῖ (par’ humin, hopou ho satanas katoikei) seems to indicate that this is what is meant. See G. B. Caird, Revelation (HNTC), 36-38.
  47. Revelation 2:14 sn See Num 22-24; 31:16.
  48. Revelation 2:14 tn That is, a cause for sinning. An alternate translation is “who instructed Balak to cause the people of Israel to sin by eating food sacrificed to idols…”
  49. Revelation 2:14 tn Grk “sons,” but the expression υἱοὶ ᾿Ισραήλ (huioi Israēl) is an idiom for the people of Israel as an ethnic entity (see L&N 11.58).
  50. Revelation 2:14 tn Due to the actual events in the OT (Num 22-24; 31:16), πορνεῦσαι (porneusai) is taken to mean “sexual immorality.” BDAG 854 s.v. πορνεύω 1 states, “engage in illicit sex, to fornicate, to whore…W. φαγεῖν εἰδωλόθυτα ‘eat meat offered to idols’ Rv 2:14, 20.”
  51. Revelation 2:15 tn The term ὁμοίως (homoiōs, “likewise”) is left untranslated because it is quite redundant.sn See the note on the term Nicolaitans in 2:6.
  52. Revelation 2:16 tc The “therefore” (οὖν, oun) is not found in א 2053 2329 2351 MA or the Latin mss. It is, however, included in impressive witnesses such as A C 046 1006 1611 syp,h co. Though the conjunction looks at first glance like a scribal clarification, its omission may be explained on the basis of its similarity to the last three letters of the verb “repent” (μετανόησον, metanoēson; since οὖν is a postpositive conjunction in Greek, the final three letters of the verb [-σον, -son] would have been immediately followed by ουν). A scribe could have simply passed over the conjunction in his copy when he saw the last three letters of the imperative verb. A decision is difficult, however, because of the motivation to add to the text and the quality of witnesses that lack the conjunction.
  53. Revelation 2:16 tn Grk “with them”; the referent (those people who follow the teaching of Balaam and the Nicolaitans) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  54. Revelation 2:17 tn Or “who is victorious”; traditionally, “who overcomes.” The pendent dative is allowed to stand in the English translation because it is characteristic of the author’s style in Revelation.
  55. Revelation 2:17 tn Or “bright.” The Greek term λευκός (leukos) can refer either to the color white (traditional here) or to an object that is bright or shining, either from itself or from an outside source of illumination (L&N 14.50; 79.27).
  56. Revelation 2:17 tn On the interpretation of the stone, L&N 2.27 states, “A number of different suggestions have been made as to the reference of ψῆφος in this context. Some scholars believe that the white ψῆφος indicates a vote of acquittal in court. Others contend that it is simply a magical amulet; still others, a token of Roman hospitality; and finally, some have suggested that it may represent a ticket to the gladiatorial games, that is to say, to martyrdom. The context, however, suggests clearly that this is something to be prized and a type of reward for those who have ‘won the victory.’”
  57. Revelation 2:17 tn Or “know”; for the meaning “understand” see L&N 32.4.
  58. Revelation 2:18 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated due to differences between Greek and English style.
  59. Revelation 2:18 tn The phrase “the following” after “write” is supplied to clarify that what follows is the content of what is to be written.
  60. Revelation 2:18 tn Grk “These things says [the One]…” See the note on the phrase “this is the solemn pronouncement of” in 2:1.sn The expression This is the solemn pronouncement of reflects an OT idiom. See the note on this phrase in 2:1.
  61. Revelation 2:18 tn Grk “a flame of fire.” The Greek term πυρός (puros) has been translated as an attributive genitive.
  62. Revelation 2:18 tn The precise meaning of the term translated “polished bronze” (χαλκολιβάνῳ, chalkolibanō), which appears no where else in Greek literature outside of the book of Revelation (see 1:15), is uncertain. Without question it is some sort of metal. BDAG 1076 s.v. χαλκολίβανον suggests “fine brass/bronze.” L&N 2.57 takes the word to refer to particularly valuable or fine bronze, but notes that the emphasis here and in Rev 1:15 is more on the lustrous quality of the metal.
  63. Revelation 2:19 tn Grk “and faith.” Here and before the following term καί (kai) has not been translated because English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the next to last and last terms in a list.
  64. Revelation 2:19 tn Or “perseverance.”
  65. Revelation 2:19 tn The phrase “In fact” is supplied in the translation to bring out the ascensive quality of the clause. It would also be possible to supply here an understood repetition of the phrase “I know” from the beginning of the verse (so NRSV). Grk “and your last deeds [that are] greater than the first.”
  66. Revelation 2:20 tn The Greek article has been translated here with demonstrative force.
  67. Revelation 2:20 tc The ms evidence for γυναῖκα (gunaika, “woman”) alone includes א C P 1611 2053 lat. The ms evidence for the addition of “your” (σου, sou) includes A 1006 2351 MK pc sy. With the pronoun, the text reads “your wife, Jezebel” instead of “that woman, Jezebel.” In Revelation, A C are the most important mss, along with א P47 (which only reads in portions of chapters 9-17) 1006 1611 2053; in this instance, the external evidence slightly favors the shorter reading. But internally, it gains strength. The longer reading implies the idea that the angel in 2:18 is the bishop or leader of the church in Thyatira. The pronoun “your” (σου) is used four times in vv. 19-20 and may have been the cause for the scribe copying it again. Further, once the monarchical episcopate was in vogue (beginning in the 2nd century) scribes might have been prone to add “your” here.
  68. Revelation 2:20 sn Jezebel was the name of King Ahab’s idolatrous and wicked queen in 1 Kgs 16:31; 18:1-5; 19:1-3; 21:5-24. It is probable that the individual named here was analogous to her prototype in idolatry and immoral behavior, since those are the items singled out for mention.
  69. Revelation 2:20 tn Grk “teaches and deceives” (διδάσκει καὶ πλανᾷ, didaskei kai plana), a construction in which the first verb appears to specify the means by which the second is accomplished: “by her teaching, deceives…”
  70. Revelation 2:20 tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.
  71. Revelation 2:20 sn To commit sexual immorality and to eat food sacrificed to idols. Note the conclusions of the Jerusalem Council in Acts 15:29, which specifically prohibits Gentile Christians from engaging in these activities.
  72. Revelation 2:21 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and contemporary English style.
  73. Revelation 2:21 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to bring out the contrast present in this woman’s obstinate refusal to repent.
  74. Revelation 2:22 tn Grk “onto a bed,” in this context an idiom for severe illness (L&N 23.152).
  75. Revelation 2:22 tn Or “into great distress.” The suffering here is not specified as physical or emotional, and could involve persecution.
  76. Revelation 2:23 tn Grk “her children,” but in this context a reference to this woman’s followers or disciples is more likely meant.
  77. Revelation 2:23 tn Grk “I will kill with death.” θάνατος (thanatos) can in particular contexts refer to a manner of death, specifically a contagious disease (see BDAG 443 s.v. 3; L&N 23.158).
  78. Revelation 2:23 tn Grk “I will give.” The sense of δίδωμι (didōmi) in this context is more “repay” than “give.”
  79. Revelation 2:23 sn This pronoun and the following one are plural in the Greek text.
  80. Revelation 2:23 tn Grk “each one of you according to your works.”
  81. Revelation 2:24 sn That is, the teaching of Jezebel (v. 20).
  82. Revelation 2:24 tn Grk “deep things.” For the translation “deep secrets” see L&N 28.76; cf. NAB, NIV, CEV.
  83. Revelation 2:26 tn Or “who is victorious”; traditionally, “who overcomes.”
  84. Revelation 2:26 tn Grk “keeps.” In a context that speaks of “holding on to what you have,” the idea here is one of continued faithful behavior (BDAG 1002 s.v. τηρέω 3 has “ὁ τηρῶν τὰ ἔργα μου the one who takes my deeds to heart Rv 2:26”).
  85. Revelation 2:26 tn Or “over the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).
  86. Revelation 2:27 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
  87. Revelation 2:27 tn Grk “will shepherd.”
  88. Revelation 2:27 tn Or “scepter.” The Greek term ῥάβδος (rhabdos) can mean either “rod” or “scepter.”
  89. Revelation 2:27 sn A quotation from Ps 2:9 (with the line introducing the quotation containing a partial allusion to Ps 2:8). See also Rev 12:5; 19:15.
  90. Revelation 2:28 tn What has been received is not specified in the Greek text, but must be supplied from the context. In the light of the two immediately preceding verses about rulership or dominion, it seems that the implied direct object of εἴληφα (eilēpha) is “the right to rule” (i.e., ἔχειν ἐξουσίαν ποιμάνειν, echein exousian poimanein), although many modern translations supply the word “authority” here (so NAB, NRSV, NLT).
  91. Revelation 2:28 tn On this expression BDAG 892 s.v. πρωϊνός states, “early, belonging to the morning ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ πρ. the morning star, Venus Rv 2:28; 22:16.”
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