圣殿的器具

所罗门造了一座铜坛,长九米,宽九米,高四点五米。 他又铸了一个圆形铜海,高二点二五米,直径四点五米,周长十三点五米。 铜海边缘下方有两圈牛的图案,每五十厘米有十头牛,是铸铜海的时候铸上的。 有十二头铜牛驮着铜海,三头向北,三头向西,三头向南,三头向东,牛尾向内。 铜海厚八厘米,边如杯边,又如百合花,容量为六万六千升。 他又造了十个盆,五个放右边,五个放左边,用来清洗献燔祭所用之物。但铜海只供祭司沐浴使用。

他照着所定的式样,造了十个金灯台放在殿里,五个在右边,五个在左边; 又造了十张桌子放在殿里,五个在右边,五个在左边;还造了一百个金碗。 他又建了祭司院、大院及大院的门,门都包上铜。 10 铜海放在殿的右边,就是东南方。

11 户兰又造了盆、铲和碗。他为所罗门王完成了上帝殿里的工作。 12 户兰所制造的有:两根柱子,两个碗状的柱冠,两个装饰柱冠的网子, 13 用来装饰碗状柱冠、安在两个网子上的四百石榴——每个网子上两行; 14 盆座及盆座上的盆; 15 铜海和铜海下面的十二头铜牛; 16 盆、铲、肉叉及耶和华殿里的一切器具。这些都是巧匠户兰用磨亮的铜为所罗门王制造的。 17 这些都是照王的命令,在疏割和撒利但之间的约旦平原用泥模铸成的。 18 所罗门制造的器具极多,铜的重量无法统计。

19 所罗门又造了上帝殿里的金坛和放置供饼的桌子, 20 按规定放在内殿前的纯金的灯台和灯盏, 21 以及纯金的花饰、灯盏、火钳、 22 蜡剪、碗、碟和火鼎。殿门和至圣所的门也是金的。

L’autel et la grande cuve

Salomon fit fabriquer un autel de bronze de dix mètres sur dix et cinq mètres de haut[a].

(1 R 7.23-26)

Puis il fit faire la grande cuve ronde en métal fondu. Elle mesurait cinq mètres de diamètre, deux mètres cinquante de hauteur, un cordeau de quinze mètres mesurait sa circonférence. Au-dessous d’elle, sur tout le pourtour, se trouvaient deux rangées de représentations de bœufs[b] coulés d’une seule pièce avec la cuve. Il y en avait dix par demi-mètre. La cuve elle-même reposait sur douze bœufs de bronze ayant leurs têtes tournées trois par trois vers le nord, l’ouest, le sud et l’est, alors que la partie postérieure de leur corps était tournée vers l’intérieur et portait la cuve. La paroi de la cuve avait huit centimètres d’épaisseur et son rebord était façonné comme celui d’une coupe en forme de pétale de lis. Elle pouvait contenir environ quarante mille litres d’eau.

Salomon fit encore fabriquer dix bassins[c] ; il les fit disposer cinq à droite et cinq à gauche du Temple pour les lavages. Ils servaient à nettoyer les ustensiles destinés à offrir les holocaustes. La grande cuve servait aux purifications des prêtres.

Les accessoires du culte

Salomon fit fabriquer les dix chandeliers d’or selon le modèle prescrit, puis on les plaça dans la grande salle du Temple, cinq à droite et cinq à gauche[d]. Il fit faire dix tables que l’on disposa également dans la grande salle : cinq à droite et cinq à gauche. Il fit aussi façonner cent coupes d’aspersion en or[e]. Il fit aménager le parvis des prêtres et la grande cour, il fit fabriquer les portes de la cour et revêtir leurs battants de bronze.

(1 R 7.38-51)

10 La grande cuve fut placée du côté droit du Temple, vers l’angle sud-est. 11 Houram fabriqua les chaudrons, les pelles et les coupes à aspersion.

Récapitulation des objets fabriqués pour le Temple

Houram termina ainsi le travail que le roi Salomon lui avait confié dans le temple de Dieu : 12 les deux colonnes avec les chapiteaux évasés qui les surmontaient, les deux treillis pour recouvrir les évasements de ces chapiteaux, 13 les quatre cents grenades accrochées aux treillis – deux rangées de grenades par treillis – 14 les dix chariots et les dix bassins placés dessus, 15 la grande cuve, unique en son genre, et les douze bœufs qui la supportaient, 16 les chaudrons, les pelles et les crochets à viande. Houram-Abi avait fabriqué en bronze poli, pour Salomon, tous les objets destinés au temple de l’Eternel. 17 Le roi les fit fondre dans la plaine du Jourdain, dans des couches d’argile, entre Soukkoth et Tserédata. 18 Salomon fit fabriquer tous ces objets en si grande quantité qu’on ne pouvait évaluer le poids de bronze utilisé.

19 Il fit encore fabriquer tous les autres objets destinés au temple de Dieu : l’autel des parfums en or, les tables sur lesquelles on plaçait les pains exposés devant l’Eternel[f], 20 les chandeliers d’or fin avec leurs lampes, que l’on devait allumer selon la règle devant la salle du fond, 21 avec leurs fleurons, leurs lampes et les mouchettes en or, en or très pur, 22 les couteaux, les calices, les coupes et les brasiers d’or fin, ainsi que les gonds en or pour les portes de l’intérieur du Temple, à l’entrée du lieu très saint, et pour les portes de la grande salle, à l’entrée du Temple.

Footnotes

  1. 4.1 Voir Ex 27.1-2. Cet autel était quatre fois plus long, quatre fois plus large et trois fois plus haut que celui du tabernacle de Moïse.
  2. 4.3 Dans 1 R 7.24, il s’agit de coloquintes. En hébreu, les deux mots se ressemblent, ce qui expliquerait une erreur de copiste dans l’un des deux textes.
  3. 4.6 Voir Ex 30.17-21.
  4. 4.7 Voir Ex 25.31-40.
  5. 4.8 Voir Ex 25.23-30.
  6. 4.19 Voir Lv 24.5-9.

The Altar and Basins

He made a bronze altar(A) nine metres[a] long, nine metres wide, and four and a half metres[b] high.

Then he made the cast metal basin,[c](B) 4.5 metres from brim to brim, perfectly round. It was 2.25 metres[d] high and 13.5 metres[e] in circumference. The likeness of oxen[f] was below it, completely encircling it, ten every 45 centimetres,[g] completely surrounding the basin. The oxen were cast in two rows when the basin was cast. It stood on twelve oxen, three facing north, three facing west, three facing south, and three facing east. The basin was on top of them and all their hindquarters were towards the centre. The basin was eight centimetres[h] thick, and its rim was fashioned like the brim of a cup or a lily blossom. It could hold forty-four thousand litres.[i]

He made ten basins for washing and he put five on the right and five on the left.(C) The parts of the burnt offering were rinsed in them,(D) but the basin was used by the priests for washing.

The Lampstands, Tables, and Courts

He made the ten gold lampstands according to their specifications and put them in the sanctuary, five on the right and five on the left.(E) He made ten tables and placed them in the sanctuary, five on the right and five on the left.(F) He also made a hundred gold bowls.

He made the courtyard(G) of the priests and the large court, and doors for the court. He overlaid the doors with bronze. 10 He put the basin on the right side, towards the southeast.(H) 11 Then Huram[j](I) made(J) the pots, the shovels, and the bowls.

Completion of the Bronze Furnishings

So Huram finished doing the work that he was doing for King Solomon in God’s temple: 12 two pillars; the bowls and the capitals on top of the two pillars; the two gratings for covering both bowls of the capitals that were on top of the pillars; 13 the four hundred pomegranates for the two gratings (two rows of pomegranates for each grating covering both capitals’ bowls on top of the pillars(K)). 14 He also made the water carts[k](L) and the basins on the water carts. 15 The one basin and the twelve oxen underneath it, 16 the pots, the shovels, the forks, and all their utensils – Huram-abi[l](M) made them for King Solomon for the Lord’s temple. All these were made of polished bronze. 17 The king had them cast in clay moulds in the Jordan Valley between Succoth and Zeredah. 18 Solomon made all these utensils in such great abundance that the weight of the bronze was not determined.

Completion of the Gold Furnishings

19 Solomon also made all the equipment in God’s temple: the gold altar; the tables on which to put the Bread of the Presence;(N) 20 the lampstands and their lamps of pure gold to burn in front of the inner sanctuary according to specifications;(O) 21 the flowers, lamps, and gold tongs – of purest gold; 22 the wick trimmers, sprinkling basins, ladles,[m] and firepans – of purest gold; and the entrance to the temple, its inner doors to the most holy place, and the doors of the temple sanctuary – of gold.

Footnotes

  1. 4:1 Lit 20 cubits
  2. 4:1 Lit 10 cubits, also in v. 2
  3. 4:2 Lit sea
  4. 4:2 Lit five cubits
  5. 4:2 Lit 30 cubits
  6. 4:3 = gourds in 1Kg 7:24
  7. 4:3 Lit 10 per cubit
  8. 4:5 Lit a handbreadth
  9. 4:5 Text emended; MT reads 3,000 baths in 1Kg 7:26
  10. 4:11 = Hiram in 1Kg 7:13,40,45
  11. 4:14 Lit the stands
  12. 4:16 Lit Huram my father
  13. 4:22 Or dishes, or spoons; lit palms

The Temple’s Furnishings(A)

He made a bronze altar(B) twenty cubits long, twenty cubits wide and ten cubits high.[a] He made the Sea(C) of cast metal, circular in shape, measuring ten cubits from rim to rim and five cubits[b] high. It took a line of thirty cubits[c] to measure around it. Below the rim, figures of bulls encircled it—ten to a cubit.[d] The bulls were cast in two rows in one piece with the Sea.

The Sea stood on twelve bulls, three facing north, three facing west, three facing south and three facing east.(D) The Sea rested on top of them, and their hindquarters were toward the center. It was a handbreadth[e] in thickness, and its rim was like the rim of a cup, like a lily blossom. It held three thousand baths.[f]

He then made ten basins(E) for washing and placed five on the south side and five on the north. In them the things to be used for the burnt offerings(F) were rinsed, but the Sea was to be used by the priests for washing.

He made ten gold lampstands(G) according to the specifications(H) for them and placed them in the temple, five on the south side and five on the north.

He made ten tables(I) and placed them in the temple, five on the south side and five on the north. He also made a hundred gold sprinkling bowls.(J)

He made the courtyard(K) of the priests, and the large court and the doors for the court, and overlaid the doors with bronze. 10 He placed the Sea on the south side, at the southeast corner.

11 And Huram also made the pots and shovels and sprinkling bowls.

So Huram finished(L) the work he had undertaken for King Solomon in the temple of God:

12 the two pillars;

the two bowl-shaped capitals on top of the pillars;

the two sets of network decorating the two bowl-shaped capitals on top of the pillars;

13 the four hundred pomegranates for the two sets of network (two rows of pomegranates for each network, decorating the bowl-shaped capitals on top of the pillars);

14 the stands(M) with their basins;

15 the Sea and the twelve bulls under it;

16 the pots, shovels, meat forks and all related articles.

All the objects that Huram-Abi(N) made for King Solomon for the temple of the Lord were of polished bronze. 17 The king had them cast in clay molds in the plain of the Jordan between Sukkoth(O) and Zarethan.[g] 18 All these things that Solomon made amounted to so much that the weight of the bronze(P) could not be calculated.

19 Solomon also made all the furnishings that were in God’s temple:

the golden altar;

the tables(Q) on which was the bread of the Presence;

20 the lampstands(R) of pure gold with their lamps, to burn in front of the inner sanctuary as prescribed;

21 the gold floral work and lamps and tongs (they were solid gold);

22 the pure gold wick trimmers, sprinkling bowls, dishes(S) and censers;(T) and the gold doors of the temple: the inner doors to the Most Holy Place and the doors of the main hall.

Footnotes

  1. 2 Chronicles 4:1 That is, about 30 feet long and wide and 15 feet high or about 9 meters long and wide and 4.5 meters high
  2. 2 Chronicles 4:2 That is, about 7 1/2 feet or about 2.3 meters
  3. 2 Chronicles 4:2 That is, about 45 feet or about 14 meters
  4. 2 Chronicles 4:3 That is, about 18 inches or about 45 centimeters
  5. 2 Chronicles 4:5 That is, about 3 inches or about 7.5 centimeters
  6. 2 Chronicles 4:5 That is, about 18,000 gallons or about 66,000 liters
  7. 2 Chronicles 4:17 Hebrew Zeredatha, a variant of Zarethan