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約西亞作猶大王(A)

34 約西亞登基的時候是八歲;他在耶路撒冷作王共三十一年。 他行耶和華看為正的事,效法他先祖大衛所行的,不偏左,也不偏右。

宗教改革

他在位第八年,還是年幼的時候,就開始尋求他先祖大衛的 神。到了第十二年,他就開始潔淨猶大和耶路撒冷,除掉邱壇、亞舍拉、雕像和鑄像。 眾人在他面前拆毀了巴力的祭壇,他親自打碎了壇上高高的香壇,又把亞舍拉、雕像和鑄像砍碎成灰,撒在向這些偶像獻過祭的人的墳上。 他把祭司的骨頭燒在他們的祭壇上,這樣就潔淨了猶大和耶路撒冷。 他又在瑪拿西、以法蓮、西緬,以至拿弗他利的各城,以及它們周圍荒廢的地方,都這樣行。 他拆毀了祭壇,把亞舍拉和雕刻的偶像打碎,破碎了以色列全地所有的香壇,就回耶路撒冷去了。

重修聖殿(B)

約西亞在位第十八年,潔淨猶大地和聖殿以後,就差派亞薩利雅的兒子沙番、市長瑪西雅和約哈斯的兒子史官約亞,去修築耶和華他的 神的殿。 於是他們來見大祭司希勒家,把獻給 神的殿的銀子交給他。這銀子都是守門的利未人,從瑪拿西、以法蓮和以色列所有的餘民,以及猶大、便雅憫和耶路撒冷的居民那裡收集來的。 10 他們又把銀子交給在耶和華殿裡負責監察的人;他們又把銀子發給在耶和華殿裡作工的工人,去修補聖殿。 11 他們把銀子交給木匠和石匠,去購買鑿好的石頭和作木架與橫梁的木材,修補猶大列王毀壞了的殿宇。 12 這些人忠心地工作;管理他們的督工是利未人米拉利的子孫雅哈和俄巴底;監管他們的是哥轄的子孫撒迦利雅和米書蘭;還有所有精通樂器的利未人, 13 管理扛抬的,並且監管所有作各種工作的人;利未人中,也有作書記、作職員和作守門的。

發現律法書(C)

14 他們把獻給耶和華殿的銀子拿出來的時候,希勒家祭司發現了耶和華藉摩西所傳的律法書。 15 希勒家對書記沙番說:“我在耶和華的殿裡發現了律法書。”希勒家就把書交給沙番。 16 沙番把書帶到王那裡,同時向王報告:“你交託你僕人的事,他們都辦妥了。 17 他們把在耶和華殿裡的銀子倒出來,交給監督和作工的人。” 18 書記沙番又告訴王,說:“希勒家祭司還交給我一卷書卷。”於是沙番在王面前誦讀那書。 19 王一聽見律法書上的話,就撕裂自己的衣服, 20 吩咐希勒家和沙番的兒子亞希甘、米迦的兒子亞比頓、書記沙番,以及王的臣僕亞撒雅,說: 21 “你們去,為我、也為以色列和猶大的餘民,求問耶和華關於我們發現的這書上的話;因為我們的列祖沒有謹守耶和華的話,也沒有照著這書上所記的一切去行,所以耶和華才向我們大發烈怒。”

女先知戶勒大的預言(D)

22 於是希勒家和王所差派的人(《馬索拉文本》沒有“差派的人”)去見女先知戶勒大。戶勒大是掌管禮服的沙龍的妻子;沙龍是哈斯拉的孫子、特瓦的兒子;戶勒大住在耶路撒冷第二區;他們對戶勒大這樣說了。 23 她就回答他們:“耶和華以色列的 神這樣說:‘你們對那差你們來見我的人說: 24 耶和華這樣說:我要按著在猶大王面前誦讀的那卷書上所寫的一切咒詛,降災在這地和這地的居民身上。 25 因為他們離棄了我,向別的神燒香,用他們手所做的惹我發怒,所以我的忿怒必傾倒在這地上,總不熄滅。 26 至於那派你們來求問耶和華的猶大王,你們要這樣對他說:耶和華以色列的 神這樣說:論到你聽見的話; 27 因為你聽了我指著這地方和這裡的居民所說的話,就心裡感動,在 神面前謙卑;你既然在我的面前謙卑,又撕裂衣服,在我的面前哭泣,所以我就垂聽你的禱告;這是耶和華的宣告。 28 我必使你歸到你的列祖那裡去,你必平平安安歸入你的墳墓。我所要降在這地方和這地上的居民身上的一切災禍,你必不會親眼看見。’”他們就把這番話回覆王去了。

王宣讀約書並與 神立約(E)

29 於是王派人把猶大和耶路撒冷的眾長老都召集了來。 30 王和猶大眾人、耶路撒冷的居民、祭司、利未人,以及所有的人民,無論大小,都一同上耶和華的殿去;王就把在耶和華殿裡發現的約書上的一切話,都誦讀給他們聽。 31 王站在他的位上,在耶和華面前立約,要一心一意跟隨耶和華,謹守他的誡命、法度和律例,實行這書上所記立約的誓言。 32 他又使所有在耶路撒冷和便雅憫的人,都順從這約。於是耶路撒冷的居民,都遵照他們列祖的 神的約而行。 33 約西亞在以色列人所屬的各地,把一切可憎的物盡都除掉,使所有在以色列的人都事奉耶和華他們的 神。約西亞在世的日子,人民都跟隨耶和華他們列祖的 神,總不離開。

Josiah rules Judah as king

34 Josiah was eight years old when he became king.[a] He ruled as king in Jerusalem for 31 years. Josiah did things that the Lord said were right. He lived in the good ways of his ancestor, King David. He did not turn away from the Lord's teaching in any way.

When Josiah had been king for eight years, he was still a young man. At that time he began to worship God, as his ancestor David had done. When he had been king for 12 years, he started to remove the places in Jerusalem and in all Judah where people worshipped false gods. He removed the altars on the hills, the Asherah poles, the idols and the images of false gods. He told his men to knock down the altars where people worshipped the idols of Baal. He broke into pieces the altars for incense that were near the other altars. He destroyed the Asherah poles, the idols and the images. He broke them all into very small pieces. He threw the bits over the graves of the people who had offered sacrifices to those false gods.

Josiah took the bones of the priests who had made sacrifices to the false gods. He burned the priests' bones on their own altars. That is how Josiah made Judah and Jerusalem clean again. He went to the towns that belonged to the tribes of Manasseh, Ephraim and Simeon. He even went as far as Naphtali.[b] He did the same thing in all those towns, as well as in the villages around them where nobody lived. He knocked down the altars and the Asherah poles. He completely destroyed the idols and the altars for incense everywhere in the kingdom of Israel. Then he returned to Jerusalem.

Josiah repairs the temple

When Josiah had been king for 18 years, he continued to make Judah and the temple clean places again. He sent three men to repair the temple of the Lord his God. They were Azaliah's son Shaphan, the city's officer Maaseiah, and Joah, son of Joahaz, the city's secretary.

They went to meet Hilkiah, the leader of the priests. They gave him the money that people had brought as gifts to God's temple. The people had given their money to the Levites who stood as guards at the doors of the temple. The people who brought these gifts had come from the tribes of Manasseh, Ephraim and the other people who still lived in Israel. All the people from the tribes of Judah and Benjamin, and those who lived in Jerusalem had also brought their gifts. 10 Then they gave this money to the men who had authority over the work on the Lord's temple. Those leaders then paid the workers who did the repairs to make the temple strong again. 11 They gave money to the carpenters and the builders to buy stones that were ready to use and wood. The kings of Judah had not taken care of the buildings. So the workers now needed stones and wood to repair the walls and the roofs.

12 The workers were honest men who worked well. Four Levites had authority over the workers. They were Jahath and Obadiah from Merari's clan, and Zechariah and Meshullam from Kohath's clan. Other Levites who were musicians 13 had authority over the men who carried the wood and the stones. They told the workers what to do as they did their different jobs. Some Levites worked as secretaries, officers or guards.

Hilkiah finds the book of God's laws

14 The Levites were bringing the money out of the Lord's temple that people had brought there.[c] While they were doing that, Hilkiah the priest found the book of God's laws. Those were the laws that the Lord had given to Moses for his people. 15 Hilkiah told Shaphan, the king's secretary, ‘I have found the book of the Law in the Lord's temple.’ He gave the book to Shaphan.

16 Then Shaphan took the book to the king and he said, ‘Your servants are doing everything that you told them to do. 17 They have paid out the money that was in the Lord's temple. They have given it to the leaders who have authority over the men who are doing the work.’

18 Then Shaphan, the king's secretary, told the king, ‘Hilkiah the priest has given a book to me.’ Then Shaphan read it aloud to the king. 19 When the king heard the words in the book of God's laws, he was so upset that he tore his clothes.

20 King Josiah gave a command to Hilkiah, Shaphan's son Ahikam, Micah's son Abdon, Shaphan the secretary and Asaiah the king's servant. 21 He told them, ‘Go to the temple. Ask the Lord about the message in this book that Hilkiah has found. I need to know what I should do, as well as the people who still live in Judah and in Israel. The Lord has become very angry with us because our ancestors have not obeyed his message. They have not done the things that this book tells us that we should do.’

22 So Hilkiah and the other men that the king had sent went to speak to Huldah. Huldah was a prophetess who lived in the north part of Jerusalem. She was the wife of Shallum, the son of Tokhath. Tokhath was the son of Hasrah, who took care of the king's clothes. The king's men told Huldah why they had come to meet her.

23 She said to them, ‘The Lord, Israel's God, says, “Tell this to the man who sent you here to me: 24 This is what the Lord says: I will bring great trouble to this place and the people who live here. The message of the book that they read to the king of Judah tells about what will happen. 25 I will send this trouble because they have turned away from me. They have offered sacrifices to other gods. I am very angry with them because of all the idols that they have made for themselves. My anger is like a fire that is burning and nobody can stop it!” 26 The king of Judah sent you here to ask for the Lord's answer. Say to the king, “The Lord, Israel's God, says this about the message that you have heard: 27 When you heard the message that I had spoken, you were very upset. You made yourself humble to respect me. You tore your clothes and you wept. You did that when you heard how I would punish this place and the people who live here. Because you became so upset, I have heard your prayer. 28 So I will let you die in peace and people will bury you beside your ancestors. You yourself will never see the great trouble that I will bring to this place and the people who live here.” That is what the Lord says.’

The men took Huldah's answer back to the king.

Josiah and the people promise to obey God's laws

29 Then King Josiah told all the leaders of Judah and Jerusalem to come and meet with him. 30 He went up to the Lord's temple.[d] All the people who lived in Jerusalem and in the rest of Judah went with him. They included the priests, the Levites, young people and old people. Everyone went to the temple. They all listened while the king read to them all the words in the book of God's covenant. That was the book that Hilkiah had found in the Lord's temple. 31 Then the king stood in his place beside the pillar in the temple. He promised the Lord that he would obey the covenant. He agreed to serve the Lord faithfully and to obey his commands, laws and rules. Josiah agreed to obey what was written in the book of God's covenant.

32 The king told all the people who were in Jerusalem and the people of Benjamin's tribe to stand. He told them to promise to obey God's laws. So the people who lived in Jerusalem agreed to obey the covenant of God, the God of their ancestors.

33 Josiah removed all the disgusting idols from all the land of the Israelites. He told all the people of Israel to worship the Lord their God. All the time that Josiah ruled as king, the people continued to worship the Lord, the God of their ancestors.

Footnotes

  1. 34:1 Josiah began to rule in about 640 BC. He died in about 609 BC.
  2. 34:6 These tribes belonged to Israel, the kingdom in the north.
  3. 34:14 They were using the money to pay the workers who were repairing the temple.
  4. 34:30 He ‘went up’ because the temple was on a hill.

Josiah’s Reforms(A)(B)(C)

34 Josiah(D) was eight years old when he became king,(E) and he reigned in Jerusalem thirty-one years. He did what was right in the eyes of the Lord and followed the ways of his father David,(F) not turning aside to the right or to the left.

In the eighth year of his reign, while he was still young, he began to seek the God(G) of his father David. In his twelfth year he began to purge Judah and Jerusalem of high places, Asherah poles and idols. Under his direction the altars of the Baals were torn down; he cut to pieces the incense altars that were above them, and smashed the Asherah poles(H) and the idols. These he broke to pieces and scattered over the graves of those who had sacrificed to them.(I) He burned(J) the bones of the priests on their altars, and so he purged Judah and Jerusalem. In the towns of Manasseh, Ephraim and Simeon, as far as Naphtali, and in the ruins around them, he tore down the altars and the Asherah poles and crushed the idols to powder(K) and cut to pieces all the incense altars throughout Israel. Then he went back to Jerusalem.

In the eighteenth year of Josiah’s reign, to purify the land and the temple, he sent Shaphan son of Azaliah and Maaseiah the ruler of the city, with Joah son of Joahaz, the recorder, to repair the temple of the Lord his God.

They went to Hilkiah(L) the high priest and gave him the money that had been brought into the temple of God, which the Levites who were the gatekeepers had collected from the people of Manasseh, Ephraim and the entire remnant of Israel and from all the people of Judah and Benjamin and the inhabitants of Jerusalem. 10 Then they entrusted it to the men appointed to supervise the work on the Lord’s temple. These men paid the workers who repaired and restored the temple. 11 They also gave money(M) to the carpenters and builders to purchase dressed stone, and timber for joists and beams for the buildings that the kings of Judah had allowed to fall into ruin.(N)

12 The workers labored faithfully.(O) Over them to direct them were Jahath and Obadiah, Levites descended from Merari, and Zechariah and Meshullam, descended from Kohath. The Levites—all who were skilled in playing musical instruments—(P) 13 had charge of the laborers(Q) and supervised all the workers from job to job. Some of the Levites were secretaries, scribes and gatekeepers.

The Book of the Law Found(R)(S)

14 While they were bringing out the money that had been taken into the temple of the Lord, Hilkiah the priest found the Book of the Law of the Lord that had been given through Moses. 15 Hilkiah said to Shaphan the secretary, “I have found the Book of the Law(T) in the temple of the Lord.” He gave it to Shaphan.

16 Then Shaphan took the book to the king and reported to him: “Your officials are doing everything that has been committed to them. 17 They have paid out the money that was in the temple of the Lord and have entrusted it to the supervisors and workers.” 18 Then Shaphan the secretary informed the king, “Hilkiah the priest has given me a book.” And Shaphan read from it in the presence of the king.

19 When the king heard the words of the Law,(U) he tore(V) his robes. 20 He gave these orders to Hilkiah, Ahikam son of Shaphan(W), Abdon son of Micah,[a] Shaphan the secretary and Asaiah the king’s attendant: 21 “Go and inquire of the Lord for me and for the remnant in Israel and Judah about what is written in this book that has been found. Great is the Lord’s anger that is poured out(X) on us because those who have gone before us have not kept the word of the Lord; they have not acted in accordance with all that is written in this book.”

22 Hilkiah and those the king had sent with him[b] went to speak to the prophet(Y) Huldah, who was the wife of Shallum son of Tokhath,[c] the son of Hasrah,[d] keeper of the wardrobe. She lived in Jerusalem, in the New Quarter.

23 She said to them, “This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: Tell the man who sent you to me, 24 ‘This is what the Lord says: I am going to bring disaster(Z) on this place and its people(AA)—all the curses(AB) written in the book that has been read in the presence of the king of Judah. 25 Because they have forsaken me(AC) and burned incense to other gods and aroused my anger by all that their hands have made,[e] my anger will be poured out on this place and will not be quenched.’ 26 Tell the king of Judah, who sent you to inquire of the Lord, ‘This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says concerning the words you heard: 27 Because your heart was responsive(AD) and you humbled(AE) yourself before God when you heard what he spoke against this place and its people, and because you humbled yourself before me and tore your robes and wept in my presence, I have heard you, declares the Lord. 28 Now I will gather you to your ancestors,(AF) and you will be buried in peace. Your eyes will not see all the disaster I am going to bring on this place and on those who live here.’”(AG)

So they took her answer back to the king.

29 Then the king called together all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem. 30 He went up to the temple of the Lord(AH) with the people of Judah, the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the priests and the Levites—all the people from the least to the greatest. He read in their hearing all the words of the Book of the Covenant, which had been found in the temple of the Lord. 31 The king stood by his pillar(AI) and renewed the covenant(AJ) in the presence of the Lord—to follow(AK) the Lord and keep his commands, statutes and decrees with all his heart and all his soul, and to obey the words of the covenant written in this book.

32 Then he had everyone in Jerusalem and Benjamin pledge themselves to it; the people of Jerusalem did this in accordance with the covenant of God, the God of their ancestors.

33 Josiah removed all the detestable(AL) idols from all the territory belonging to the Israelites, and he had all who were present in Israel serve the Lord their God. As long as he lived, they did not fail to follow the Lord, the God of their ancestors.

Footnotes

  1. 2 Chronicles 34:20 Also called Akbor son of Micaiah
  2. 2 Chronicles 34:22 One Hebrew manuscript, Vulgate and Syriac; most Hebrew manuscripts do not have had sent with him.
  3. 2 Chronicles 34:22 Also called Tikvah
  4. 2 Chronicles 34:22 Also called Harhas
  5. 2 Chronicles 34:25 Or by everything they have done