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建造聖殿(A)

所羅門在耶路撒冷,在耶和華向他父親大衛顯現過的摩利亞山上,就是在耶布斯人阿珥楠的禾場上,大衛預備的地方,開工建造耶和華的殿。 所羅門執政後第四年二月初二開始建造。 所羅門建造 神殿宇的根基是這樣:按古時的尺寸,長二十七公尺,寬九公尺。 殿前走廊長九公尺,與殿的寬度相等;高九公尺(“高九公尺”原文作“高一百二十”;現參照古譯本修譯);裡面貼上純金。 大殿的牆都蓋上松木,又貼上精金,又在上面刻上棕樹和鍊子。 又用寶石裝飾殿牆,十分華美;金子都是巴瓦音的金子。 正殿和殿的棟梁、門檻、牆壁和門扇,都貼上金子;牆上刻上基路伯。

建造至聖所(B)

他又建造了至聖所,長九公尺,和殿的寬度相等,寬度也是九公尺;裡面都貼上精金,共用了二十公噸金子。 釘子共重五百七十克金子。閣樓也貼上金子。

10 在至聖所裡,雕刻了兩個基路伯,都包上金子。 11 兩個基路伯的翅膀共長九公尺;一個基路伯的一邊翅膀長兩公尺兩公寸,觸著殿牆;另一邊翅膀也長兩公尺兩公寸,和另一個基路伯的翅膀相接。 12 另一個基路伯的一邊翅膀也長兩公尺兩公寸,觸著殿牆;另一邊的翅膀也長兩公尺兩公寸,和前一個基路伯的翅膀相接。 13 這兩個基路伯的翅膀都張開,共長九公尺;這兩個基路伯都面向殿內站立。 14 所羅門又用藍色紫色朱紅色線和細麻做幔子,上面繡上基路伯。

建造兩根柱子(C)

15 在殿的前面又做了兩根柱子,高十五公尺半,每根柱上面的柱頂,高兩公尺兩公寸。 16 又做了像項鍊(按照《馬索拉文本》,“像項鍊”作“在內殿”,意思不明確,可能是“像項鍊”的誤寫)的鍊子,安放在柱頭上;又做了石榴一百個,安放在鍊子上。 17 他把這兩根柱子立在殿前,一根在左面,一根在右面;右面的叫雅斤,左面的叫波阿斯。

The Building of the Temple

Solomon began building the Lord’s temple in Jerusalem on Mount Moriah, where the Lord[a] had appeared to his father David. This was the place that David prepared at the threshing floor of Ornan[b] the Jebusite. He began building on the second day of the second month of the fourth year of his reign.[c]

Solomon laid the foundation for God’s temple;[d] its length (determined according to the old standard of measure) was 90 feet, and its width 30 feet.[e] The porch in front of the main hall was 30 feet long, corresponding to the width of the temple,[f] and its height was 30 feet.[g] He plated the inside with pure gold. He paneled[h] the main hall[i] with boards made from evergreen trees[j] and plated it with fine gold, decorated with palm trees and chains.[k] He decorated the temple with precious stones; the gold he used came from Parvaim.[l] He overlaid the temple’s rafters, thresholds, walls and doors with gold; he carved decorative cherubim on the walls.

He made the Most Holy Place;[m] its length was 30 feet,[n] corresponding to the width of the temple, and its width 30 feet.[o] He plated it with 600 talents[p] of fine gold. The gold nails weighed 50 shekels; he also plated the upper areas with gold. 10 In the Most Holy Place he made two images of cherubim and plated them with gold. 11 The combined wing span of the cherubim was 30 feet.[q] One of the first cherub’s wings was 7½ long and touched one wall of the temple; its other wing was also 7½ long and touched one of the second cherub’s wings.[r] 12 Likewise one of the second cherub’s wings was 7½ long and touched the other wall of the temple; its other wing was also 7½ long and touched one of the first cherub’s wings.[s] 13 The combined wingspan of these cherubim was 30 feet.[t] They stood upright, facing inward.[u] 14 He made the curtain out of blue, purple, crimson, and white fabrics, and embroidered on it decorative cherubim.

15 In front of the temple he made two pillars which had a combined length[v] of 52½ feet,[w] with each having a plated capital 7½ high.[x] 16 He made ornamental chains[y] and put them on top of the pillars. He also made 100 pomegranate-shaped ornaments and arranged them within the chains. 17 He set up the pillars in front of the temple, one on the right side and the other on the left.[z] He named the one on the right Yakin,[aa] and the one on the left Boaz.[ab]

Footnotes

  1. 2 Chronicles 3:1 tn Heb “where he.” “Lord” has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
  2. 2 Chronicles 3:1 tn In 2 Sam 24:16 this individual is called אֲרַוְנָא (ʾaravna; traditionally “Araunah”). The form of the name found here also occurs in 1 Chr 21:15; 18-28.
  3. 2 Chronicles 3:2 sn This would be April-May, 966 b.c. by modern reckoning.
  4. 2 Chronicles 3:3 tn Heb “and these are the founding of Solomon to build the house of God.”
  5. 2 Chronicles 3:3 tn Heb “the length [in] cubits by the former measure was 60 cubits, and a width of 20 cubits.” Assuming a length of 18 inches (45 cm) for the standard cubit, the length of the foundation would be 90 feet (27 m) and its width 30 feet (9 m).
  6. 2 Chronicles 3:4 tc Heb “and the porch which was in front of the length corresponding to the width of the house, 20 cubits.” The phrase הֵיכַל הַבַּיִת (hekhal habbayit, “the main hall of the temple,” which appears in the parallel account in 1 Kgs 6:3) has been accidentally omitted by homoioarcton after עַל־פְּנֵי (’al pene, “in front of”). Note that the following form, הָאֹרֶךְ (haʿorekh, “the length”), also begins with the Hebrew letter he (ה). A scribe’s eye probably jumped from the initial he on הֵיכַל to the initial he on הָאֹרֶךְ, leaving out the intervening letters in the process.
  7. 2 Chronicles 3:4 tc The Hebrew text has “one hundred and 20 cubits,” i.e., (assuming a cubit of 18 inches) 180 feet (54 m). An ancient Greek witness and the Syriac version read “20 cubits,” i.e., 30 feet (9 m). It is likely that מֵאָה (meʾah, “a hundred”) should be emended to אַמּוֹת (ʾammot, “cubits”).
  8. 2 Chronicles 3:5 tn Heb “covered.”
  9. 2 Chronicles 3:5 tn Heb “the large house.”
  10. 2 Chronicles 3:5 tn Heb “wood of evergreens.”
  11. 2 Chronicles 3:5 tn Heb “and he put up on it palm trees and chains.”
  12. 2 Chronicles 3:6 tn Heb “and he plated the house [with] precious stone for beauty, and the gold was the gold of Parvaim.”sn The location of Parvaim, the source of the gold for Solomon’s temple, is uncertain. Some have identified it with modern Farwa in Yemen; others relate it to the Sanskrit parvam and understand it to be a general term for the regions east of Israel.
  13. 2 Chronicles 3:8 tn Heb “the house of the holy place of holy places.”
  14. 2 Chronicles 3:8 tn Heb “20 cubits.” Assuming a cubit of 18 inches (45 cm), this would give a length of 30 feet (9 m).
  15. 2 Chronicles 3:8 tc Heb “20 cubits.” Some suggest adding, “and its height 20 cubits” (see 1 Kgs 6:20). The phrase could have been omitted by homoioteleuton.
  16. 2 Chronicles 3:8 tn The Hebrew word כִּכַּר (kikkar, “circle”) refers generally to something that is round. When used of metals it can refer to a disk-shaped weight made of the metal or, by extension, to a standard unit of weight. According to the older (Babylonian) standard the “talent” weighed 130 lbs. (58.9 kg), but later this was lowered to 108.3 lbs. (49.1 kg). More recent research suggests the “light” standard talent was 67.3 lbs. (30.6 kg). Using this as the standard for calculation, the weight of the gold plating was 40,380 lbs. (18,360 kg).
  17. 2 Chronicles 3:11 tn Heb “and the wings of the cherubim, their length was 20 cubits.” Assuming a cubit of 18 inches (45 cm), the wingspan of the cherubim would have been 30 feet (9 m).
  18. 2 Chronicles 3:11 tn Heb “the wing of the one was 5 cubits from the touching of the wall of the house, and the other wing was 5 cubits from the touching of the wing of the other cherub.” Assuming a cubit of 18 inches (45 cm), each wing would have been 7.5 feet (2.25 m) long.
  19. 2 Chronicles 3:12 tn Heb “and the wing of the one (הָאֶחָד, haʾekhad, “the one”; this should probably be emended to הָאַחֵר, haʾakher, “the other”) cherub was 5 cubits, touching the wall of the house, and the other wing was 5 cubits, clinging to the wing of the other cherub.”
  20. 2 Chronicles 3:13 tn Heb “the wings of these cherubim were spreading 20 cubits.”
  21. 2 Chronicles 3:13 tn Heb “and they were standing on their feet, with their faces to the house.” An alternative translation of the last clause would be, “with their faces to the main hall.”
  22. 2 Chronicles 3:15 sn The figure given here appears to refer to the combined length of both pillars (perhaps when laid end-to-end on the ground prior to being set up; cf. v. 17); the figure given for the height of the pillars in 1 Kgs 7:15, 2 Kgs 25:17, and Jer 52:21 is half this (i.e., 18 cubits).
  23. 2 Chronicles 3:15 tc The Syriac reads “18 cubits” (27 feet). This apparently reflects an attempt at harmonization with 1 Kgs 7:15, 2 Kgs 25:17, and Jer 52:21.
  24. 2 Chronicles 3:15 tn Heb “and he made before the house two pillars, 35 cubits [in] length, and the plated capital which was on its top [was] 5 cubits.” The significance of the measure “35 cubits” (52.5 feet or 15.75 m, assuming a cubit of 18 inches) for the “length” of the pillars is uncertain. According to 1 Kgs 7:15, each pillar was 18 cubits (27 feet or 8.1 m) high. Perhaps the measurement given here was taken with the pillars lying end-to-end on the ground before they were set up.
  25. 2 Chronicles 3:16 tn The Hebrew text adds here, “in the inner sanctuary,” but the description at this point is of the pillars, not the inner sanctuary.
  26. 2 Chronicles 3:17 tn Or “one on the south and the other on the north.”
  27. 2 Chronicles 3:17 tn The name “Yakin” appears to be a verbal form and probably means, “he establishes.”
  28. 2 Chronicles 3:17 tn The meaning of the name “Boaz” is uncertain. For various proposals, see BDB 126-27 s.v. בֹּעַז. One attractive option is to revocalize the name as בְּעֹז (beʿoz, “in strength”) and to understand it as completing the verbal form on the first pillar. Taking the words together and reading from right to left, one can translate the sentence, “he establishes [it] in strength.”

And Solomon began to build the house of the Lord in Jerusalem, in the hill of Moriah, that was showed to David, his father, in the place that David had made ready in the cornfloor of Ornan (the) Jebusite. (And so Solomon began to build the House of the Lord in Jerusalem, on Mount Moriah, where the Lord had appeared to his father David, on the place that David had prepared at the threshing floor of Ornan the Jebusite.)

Forsooth he began to build in the second day of the (second) month, in the fourth year of his realm. (And he began to build on the second day of the second month, in the fourth year of his reign, or of his kingdom.)

And these were the foundaments, which Solomon setted, that he should build the house of God; sixty cubits of length in the first measure, and twenty cubits of breadth. (And these were the foundations, which Solomon laid, that he would build for the House of God; sixty cubits in length, at the old measure, and twenty cubits in breadth.)

And he builded a porch before the front, that was stretched forth along beside, or at the measure of, the breadth of the house, of twenty cubits, and the highness was of an hundred and twenty cubits; and he overgilded it within with cleanest gold. (And he built a vestibule, or an entrance room, at the front, that was stretched forth along beside, or at the measure of, the breadth of the House, of twenty cubits, and its highness was a hundred and twenty cubits; and he overgilded it within with the purest gold.)

Also he covered the greater house with boards of box, and he fastened plates of gold of the best colour all about; and he graved therein palm trees, and as small chains embracing themselves together. (And he covered the large inner chamber with box boards, and he fastened gold plates of the best colour, that is, most pure, all about; and he carved on them palm trees, and small chains linked together.)

And he arrayed the pavement of the temple with most precious marble, in much fairness. And the gold was most proved, (And he arrayed the Temple with most precious marble, in much fairness, or for great beauty. And the gold was from Parvaim,)

of whose plates he covered the house, and the beams thereof, and the posts, and the walls, and the doors; and he graved cherubims, that is, angels, in the walls. (of whose plates he covered the House, and its beams, and the posts, and the walls, and the doors; and he carved cherubim, that is, angels, on the walls.)

Also he made an house to the holy of holy things, in length by the breadth of the house, of twenty cubits, and the breadth also of twenty cubits; and he covered it with golden plates, as with six hundred talents in value. (And he made the Holy of Holies, that is, the Most Holy Place, twenty cubits in length, which was equal to the breadth of the Temple, and also twenty cubits in breadth; and he covered it with gold plates worth six hundred talents in value.)

And also he made golden nails, so that each nail weighed fifty shekels; and he covered the solars with gold. (And he made gold nails, and each nail weighed fifty shekels; and he covered the solariums, or the upper rooms, with gold.)

10 Also he made in the house of the holy of holy things (And he made in the Holy of Holies, that is, in the Most Holy Place), two cherubims by the work of an image maker, and covered them with gold.

11 The wings of cherubims were holden forth by twenty cubits (The cherubim’s wings were stretched out twenty cubits), so that one wing had five cubits, and it touched the wall of the house; and the tother wing had five cubits, and it touched the wing of the other cherub.

12 In like manner the one wing of the other cherub had five cubits, and it touched the wall, and the other wing thereof that was (also) of five cubits, touched the wing of the other cherub.

13 Therefore the wings of ever either cherub were spread abroad, and they were holden forth by twenty cubits; and those cherubims stood upon [the] feet raised up, and their faces were turned to the outermore house. (And so the wings of both cherubim were spread out, and they stretched out twenty cubits; and the cherubim stood, raised up on their feet, and their faces were turned to the outer chamber.)

14 Also he made a veil of jacinth, and purple, of red silk, and bis; and weaved cherubims therein. (And he made the Veil, or the Curtain, out of jacinth, and purple, and red silk, and fine linen; and he weaved figures of cherubim into it.)

15 Also before the gates of the temple he made two pillars, which had five and thirty cubits of height; and the heads of those pillars were of five cubits in height. (And in front of the gates of the Temple he made two pillars, which were thirty-five cubits tall; and the pommels, or the capitals, of those pillars were five cubits tall.)

16 Also he made as it were little chains in God’s answering place, and he putted them on the heads of the pillars (And he made little chains, as there were in the Most Holy Place, that is, the Holy of Holies, and he put them on the capitals of the pillars); also he made an hundred pomegranates, which he setted betwixt the little chains.

17 And he setted those pillars in the porch of the temple (And he set up those pillars at the front of the Temple), one at the right side, and the other at the left side; he called that pillar that was at the right side Jachin, and that that was at the left side he called Boaz.