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雅各的遺言

49 雅各叫了他的兒子來,說:「你們都來聚集,讓我把你們日後要遇到的事告訴你們。

雅各的兒子們,你們要聚集,要聆聽,
聽你們父親以色列的話。
呂便啊,你是我的長子,我的力量,
我壯年頭生之子,
極有尊榮,權力超羣。
你卻放縱如水,必不得居首位;
因為你上了你父親的床,
[a]上了我的榻,污辱了它!

西緬利未是兄弟;
他們的刀劍是殘暴的兵器。
願我的心不與他們同謀,
願我的靈[b]不與他們合夥;
因為他們在烈怒中殺人,
任意割斷牛腿的筋。
他們火爆的烈怒可詛,
他們兇殘的憤恨可咒!
我要把他們分散在雅各中,
使他們散居在以色列

猶大啊,你的兄弟必讚美你,
你的手必掐住仇敵的頸項,
你父親的兒子要向你下拜。
猶大是隻小獅子;
我兒啊,你捕獲了獵物就上去。
他蹲伏,他躺臥,如公獅,
又如母獅,誰敢惹他呢?
10 權杖必不離猶大
統治者的杖必不離他兩腳之間,
直等細羅[c]來到,
萬民都要歸順他。

11 猶大把小驢拴在葡萄樹上,
把驢駒拴在佳美的葡萄樹上。
他在葡萄酒中洗衣服,
在葡萄汁[d]中洗長袍。
12 他的眼睛比[e]酒紅潤,
他的牙齒比奶潔白。

13 西布倫必住在海邊,
必成為停船的港口;
他的疆界必延到西頓

14 以薩迦是匹強壯的驢,
臥在羊圈之中。
15 他看見居所安舒,
土地肥美,
就屈肩負重,
成為服勞役的僕人。

16 必為他的百姓伸冤[f]
作為以色列支派之一。
17 必作道旁的蛇,
路邊的毒蛇,
咬傷馬蹄,
使騎馬的人向後墜落。

18 耶和華啊,我等候你的救恩。

19 迦得必被襲擊者襲擊[g]
他卻要襲擊他們的腳跟。

20 亞設必出豐盛的糧食,
要供應君王的佳肴。

21 拿弗他利是被釋放的母鹿,
他要生出可愛的小鹿[h]

22 約瑟是多結果子的樹枝,
是泉旁多結果的枝子;
他的枝條伸出牆外。
23 弓箭手惡意攻擊他,
敵對他,向他射箭。
24 但他的弓仍舊堅硬,
他的手臂靈活敏捷,
這是因雅各的大能者的手,
從那裏,他是以色列的牧者,
以色列的磐石[i]
25 你父親的 神必幫助你;
全能者必賜福給你:
天上的福,
深淵下面蘊藏的福,
以及生育哺養的福。
26 你父親的福
勝過我祖先的福,
直到永世山嶺的極限。
這些福必降在約瑟的頭上,
臨到那與兄弟有分別之人的頭頂上。

27 便雅憫是隻抓撕掠物的狼,
早晨要吃他的獵物,
晚上要分他的擄物。」

28 這一切是以色列的十二個支派。這是他們的父親對他們所說的話,他按照各人的福分為他們祝福。

雅各的死和安葬

29 他又吩咐他們說:「我快要歸到我祖先[j]那裏。你們要將我葬在以弗崙田間的洞裏,與我的祖先在一處, 30 就是在迦南幔利對面的麥比拉田間的洞裏,那田是亞伯拉罕以弗崙買來作墳地的產業。 31 亞伯拉罕和他的妻子撒拉葬在那裏;以撒和他的妻子利百加也葬在那裏。我也在那裏葬了利亞 32 那塊田和田間的洞是向人買的。」 33 雅各囑咐眾子完畢後,就把腳收在床上斷了氣,歸到他祖先[k]那裏去了。

Footnotes

  1. 49.4 「你」是根據七十士譯本和其他古譯本;原文是「他」。
  2. 49.6 「靈」:原文是「榮耀」。
  3. 49.10 「細羅」意思不清楚,可指「貢物」或「那應得權杖者」。
  4. 49.11 「汁」:原文是「血」。
  5. 49.12 「比」或譯「因」;下同。
  6. 49.16 「伸冤」與「但」的希伯來話發音相近。
  7. 49.19 「襲擊」與「迦得」的希伯來話發音相近。
  8. 49.21 「可愛的小鹿」或譯「佳美的言語」。
  9. 49.24 「從那裏…磐石」:原文另譯「因為以色列的牧者,以色列的磐石的名」;七十士譯本是「從那裏他降服了以色列」。
  10. 49.29 「我祖先」:原文是「我百姓」。
  11. 49.33 「他祖先」:原文是「他百姓」。

Jacob Blesses His Sons(A)

49 Then Jacob called for his sons and said: “Gather around so I can tell you what will happen to you in days to come.(B)

“Assemble(C) and listen, sons of Jacob;
    listen to your father Israel.(D)

“Reuben, you are my firstborn,(E)
    my might, the first sign of my strength,(F)
    excelling in honor,(G) excelling in power.
Turbulent as the waters,(H) you will no longer excel,
    for you went up onto your father’s bed,
    onto my couch and defiled it.(I)

“Simeon(J) and Levi(K) are brothers—
    their swords[a] are weapons of violence.(L)
Let me not enter their council,
    let me not join their assembly,(M)
for they have killed men in their anger(N)
    and hamstrung(O) oxen as they pleased.
Cursed be their anger, so fierce,
    and their fury,(P) so cruel!(Q)
I will scatter them in Jacob
    and disperse them in Israel.(R)

“Judah,[b](S) your brothers will praise you;
    your hand will be on the neck(T) of your enemies;
    your father’s sons will bow down to you.(U)
You are a lion’s(V) cub,(W) Judah;(X)
    you return from the prey,(Y) my son.
Like a lion he crouches and lies down,
    like a lioness—who dares to rouse him?
10 The scepter will not depart from Judah,(Z)
    nor the ruler’s staff from between his feet,[c]
until he to whom it belongs[d] shall come(AA)
    and the obedience of the nations shall be his.(AB)
11 He will tether his donkey(AC) to a vine,
    his colt to the choicest branch;(AD)
he will wash his garments in wine,
    his robes in the blood of grapes.(AE)
12 His eyes will be darker than wine,
    his teeth whiter than milk.[e](AF)

13 “Zebulun(AG) will live by the seashore
    and become a haven for ships;
    his border will extend toward Sidon.(AH)

14 “Issachar(AI) is a rawboned[f] donkey
    lying down among the sheep pens.[g](AJ)
15 When he sees how good is his resting place
    and how pleasant is his land,(AK)
he will bend his shoulder to the burden(AL)
    and submit to forced labor.(AM)

16 “Dan[h](AN) will provide justice for his people
    as one of the tribes of Israel.(AO)
17 Dan(AP) will be a snake by the roadside,
    a viper along the path,(AQ)
that bites the horse’s heels(AR)
    so that its rider tumbles backward.

18 “I look for your deliverance,(AS) Lord.(AT)

19 “Gad[i](AU) will be attacked by a band of raiders,
    but he will attack them at their heels.(AV)

20 “Asher’s(AW) food will be rich;(AX)
    he will provide delicacies fit for a king.(AY)

21 “Naphtali(AZ) is a doe set free
    that bears beautiful fawns.[j](BA)

22 “Joseph(BB) is a fruitful vine,(BC)
    a fruitful vine near a spring,
    whose branches(BD) climb over a wall.[k]
23 With bitterness archers attacked him;(BE)
    they shot at him with hostility.(BF)
24 But his bow remained steady,(BG)
    his strong arms(BH) stayed[l] limber,
because of the hand of the Mighty One of Jacob,(BI)
    because of the Shepherd,(BJ) the Rock of Israel,(BK)
25 because of your father’s God,(BL) who helps(BM) you,
    because of the Almighty,[m](BN) who blesses you
with blessings of the skies above,
    blessings of the deep springs below,(BO)
    blessings of the breast(BP) and womb.(BQ)
26 Your father’s blessings are greater
    than the blessings of the ancient mountains,
    than[n] the bounty of the age-old hills.(BR)
Let all these rest on the head of Joseph,(BS)
    on the brow of the prince among[o] his brothers.(BT)

27 “Benjamin(BU) is a ravenous wolf;(BV)
    in the morning he devours the prey,(BW)
    in the evening he divides the plunder.”(BX)

28 All these are the twelve tribes of Israel,(BY) and this is what their father said to them when he blessed them, giving each the blessing(BZ) appropriate to him.

The Death of Jacob

29 Then he gave them these instructions:(CA) “I am about to be gathered to my people.(CB) Bury me with my fathers(CC) in the cave in the field of Ephron the Hittite,(CD) 30 the cave in the field of Machpelah,(CE) near Mamre(CF) in Canaan, which Abraham bought along with the field(CG) as a burial place(CH) from Ephron the Hittite. 31 There Abraham(CI) and his wife Sarah(CJ) were buried, there Isaac and his wife Rebekah(CK) were buried, and there I buried Leah.(CL) 32 The field and the cave in it were bought from the Hittites.[p](CM)

33 When Jacob had finished giving instructions to his sons, he drew his feet up into the bed, breathed his last and was gathered to his people.(CN)

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 49:5 The meaning of the Hebrew for this word is uncertain.
  2. Genesis 49:8 Judah sounds like and may be derived from the Hebrew for praise.
  3. Genesis 49:10 Or from his descendants
  4. Genesis 49:10 Or to whom tribute belongs; the meaning of the Hebrew for this phrase is uncertain.
  5. Genesis 49:12 Or will be dull from wine, / his teeth white from milk
  6. Genesis 49:14 Or strong
  7. Genesis 49:14 Or the campfires; or the saddlebags
  8. Genesis 49:16 Dan here means he provides justice.
  9. Genesis 49:19 Gad sounds like the Hebrew for attack and also for band of raiders.
  10. Genesis 49:21 Or free; / he utters beautiful words
  11. Genesis 49:22 Or Joseph is a wild colt, / a wild colt near a spring, / a wild donkey on a terraced hill
  12. Genesis 49:24 Or archers will attack … will shoot … will remain … will stay
  13. Genesis 49:25 Hebrew Shaddai
  14. Genesis 49:26 Or of my progenitors, / as great as
  15. Genesis 49:26 Or of the one separated from
  16. Genesis 49:32 Or the descendants of Heth

Jacob’s Last Words to His Sons

49 And Jacob called his sons and said, “Gather together, that I may (A)tell you what shall befall you (B)in the last days:

“Gather together and hear, you sons of Jacob,
And listen to Israel your father.

“Reuben, you are (C)my firstborn,
My might and the beginning of my strength,
The excellency of dignity and the excellency of power.
Unstable as water, you shall not excel,
Because you (D)went up to your father’s bed;
Then you defiled it
He went up to my couch.

“Simeon and Levi are brothers;
Instruments of [a]cruelty are in their dwelling place.
(E)Let not my soul enter their council;
Let not my honor be united (F)to their assembly;
(G)For in their anger they slew a man,
And in their self-will they [b]hamstrung an ox.
Cursed be their anger, for it is fierce;
And their wrath, for it is cruel!
(H)I will divide them in Jacob
And scatter them in Israel.

“Judah,(I) you are he whom your brothers shall praise;
(J)Your hand shall be on the neck of your enemies;
(K)Your father’s children shall bow down before you.
Judah is (L)a lion’s whelp;
From the prey, my son, you have gone up.
(M)He [c]bows down, he lies down as a lion;
And as a lion, who shall rouse him?
10 (N)The [d]scepter shall not depart from Judah,
Nor (O)a lawgiver from between his feet,
(P)Until Shiloh comes;
(Q)And to Him shall be the obedience of the people.
11 Binding his donkey to the vine,
And his donkey’s colt to the choice vine,
He washed his garments in wine,
And his clothes in the blood of grapes.
12 His eyes are darker than wine,
And his teeth whiter than milk.

13 “Zebulun(R) shall dwell by the haven of the sea;
He shall become a haven for ships,
And his border shall (S)adjoin Sidon.

14 “Issachar(T) is a strong donkey,
Lying down between two burdens;
15 He saw that rest was good,
And that the land was pleasant;
He bowed (U)his shoulder to bear a burden,
And became a band of slaves.

16 “Dan(V) shall judge his people
As one of the tribes of Israel.
17 (W)Dan shall be a serpent by the way,
A viper by the path,
That bites the horse’s heels
So that its rider shall fall backward.
18 (X)I have waited for your salvation, O Lord!

19 “Gad,(Y)[e] a troop shall [f]tramp upon him,
But he shall triumph at last.

20 “Bread from (Z)Asher shall be rich,
And he shall yield royal dainties.

21 “Naphtali(AA) is a deer let loose;
He uses beautiful words.

22 “Joseph is a fruitful bough,
A fruitful bough by a well;
His branches run over the wall.
23 The archers have (AB)bitterly grieved him,
Shot at him and hated him.
24 But his (AC)bow remained in strength,
And the arms of his hands were [g]made strong
By the hands of (AD)the Mighty God of Jacob
(AE)(From there (AF)is the Shepherd, (AG)the Stone of Israel),
25 (AH)By the God of your father who will help you,
(AI)And by the Almighty (AJ)who will bless you
With blessings of heaven above,
Blessings of the deep that lies beneath,
Blessings of the breasts and of the womb.
26 The blessings of your father
Have excelled the blessings of my ancestors,
(AK)Up to the utmost bound of the everlasting hills.
(AL)They shall be on the head of Joseph,
And on the crown of the head of him who was separate from his brothers.

27 “Benjamin is a (AM)ravenous wolf;
In the morning he shall devour the prey,
(AN)And at night he shall divide the spoil.”

28 All these are the twelve tribes of Israel, and this is what their father spoke to them. And he blessed them; he blessed each one according to his own blessing.

Jacob’s Death and Burial

29 Then he charged them and said to them: “I (AO)am to be gathered to my people; (AP)bury me with my fathers (AQ)in the cave that is in the field of Ephron the Hittite, 30 in the cave that is in the field of Machpelah, which is before Mamre in the land of Canaan, (AR)which Abraham bought with the field of Ephron the Hittite as a possession for a burial place. 31 (AS)There they buried Abraham and Sarah his wife, (AT)there they buried Isaac and Rebekah his wife, and there I buried Leah. 32 The field and the cave that is there were purchased from the sons of Heth.” 33 And when Jacob had finished commanding his sons, he drew his feet up into the bed and breathed his last, and was gathered to his people.

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 49:5 violence
  2. Genesis 49:6 lamed
  3. Genesis 49:9 couches
  4. Genesis 49:10 A symbol of kingship
  5. Genesis 49:19 Lit. Troop
  6. Genesis 49:19 Lit. raid
  7. Genesis 49:24 Or supple