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雅各作歌預言將來之事

49 雅各叫了他的兒子們來,說:「你們都來聚集,我好把你們日後必遇的事告訴你們。 雅各的兒子們,你們要聚集而聽,要聽你們父親以色列的話。

魯本哪,你是我的長子,是我力量強壯的時候生的,本當大有尊榮,權力超眾。 但你放縱情慾,滾沸如水,必不得居首位,因為你上了你父親的床,汙穢了我的榻。

西緬利未是弟兄,他們的刀劍是殘忍的器具。 我的靈啊,不要與他們同謀!我的心哪,不要與他們聯絡!因為他們趁怒殺害人命,任意砍斷牛腿大筋。 他們的怒氣暴烈可咒,他們的憤恨殘忍可詛。我要使他們分居在雅各家裡,散住在以色列地中。

猶大啊,你弟兄們必讚美你,你手必掐住仇敵的頸項,你父親的兒子們必向你下拜。 猶大是個小獅子。我兒啊,你抓了食便上去。你屈下身去,臥如公獅,蹲如母獅,誰敢惹你? 10 圭必不離猶大,杖必不離他兩腳之間,直等細羅[a]來到,萬民都必歸順。 11 猶大把小驢拴在葡萄樹上,把驢駒拴在美好的葡萄樹上。他在葡萄酒中洗了衣服,在葡萄汁中洗了袍褂。 12 他的眼睛必因酒紅潤,他的牙齒必因奶白亮。

13 西布倫必住在海口,必成為停船的海口,他的境界必延到西頓

14 以薩迦是個強壯的驢,臥在羊圈之中。 15 他以安靜為佳,以肥地為美,便低肩背重,成為服苦的僕人。

16 必判斷他的民,做以色列支派之一。 17 必做道上的蛇,路中的虺,咬傷馬蹄,使騎馬的墜落於後。 18 耶和華啊,我向來等候你的救恩。

19 迦得必被敵軍追逼,他卻要追逼他們的腳跟。

20 亞設之地必出肥美的糧食,且出君王的美味。

21 拿弗他利是被釋放的母鹿,他出佳美的言語。

22 約瑟是多結果子的樹枝,是泉旁多結果的枝子,他的枝條探出牆外。 23 弓箭手將他苦害,向他射箭,逼迫他。 24 但他的弓仍舊堅硬,他的手健壯敏捷,這是因以色列的牧者,以色列的磐石,就是雅各的大能者。 25 你父親的神必幫助你,那全能者必將天上所有的福、地裡所藏的福,以及生產乳養的福,都賜給你。 26 你父親所祝的福,勝過我祖先所祝的福,如永世的山嶺,至極的邊界。這些福必降在約瑟的頭上,臨到那與弟兄迥別之人的頂上。

27 便雅憫是個撕掠的狼,早晨要吃他所抓的,晚上要分他所奪的。」

遺囑葬事

28 這一切是以色列的十二支派。這也是他們的父親對他們所說的話,為他們所祝的福,都是按著各人的福分為他們祝福。 29 他又囑咐他們說:「我將要歸到我列祖[b]那裡。你們要將我葬在以弗崙田間的洞裡,與我祖我父在一處, 30 就是在迦南幔利麥比拉田間的洞。那洞和田是亞伯拉罕以弗崙買來為業,做墳地的。 31 他們在那裡葬了亞伯拉罕和他妻子撒拉,又在那裡葬了以撒和他妻子利百加,我也在那裡葬了利亞 32 那塊田和田間的洞原是向人買的。」 33 雅各囑咐眾子已畢,就把腳收在床上,氣絕而死,歸到列祖[c]那裡去了。

Footnotes

  1. 創世記 49:10 就是「賜平安者」。
  2. 創世記 49:29 原文作:本民。
  3. 創世記 49:33 原文作:本民。

Jacob bénit les douze tribus d’Israël

49 Jacob convoqua ses fils et leur dit :

Réunissez-vous et je vous révélerai ce qui vous arrivera dans les temps à venir.

Rassemblez-vous et écoutez, ╵fils de Jacob !
Ecoutez ce que dit ╵Israël, votre père.

Ruben, tu es mon premier-né,
le premier fruit de ma vigueur, ╵du temps où j’étais plein de force,
toi, tu es supérieur ╵en dignité ╵et supérieur en force.
Bouillonnant comme l’eau, ╵tu n’auras pas le premier rang !
Car tu as profané ╵la couche de ton père, ╵en entrant dans mon lit[a].

Siméon et Lévi sont frères,
ils se sont mis d’accord ╵pour semer la violence.
Non, je ne veux pas m’associer ╵à leur complot !
Je mets un point d’honneur ╵à ne pas approuver ╵leurs délibérations !
Car mus par leur colère, ╵ils ont tué des hommes ;
poussés par leur caprice, ╵ils ont mutilé des taureaux[b].
Que leur colère soit maudite, ╵car elle est violente.
Maudit soit leur emportement, ╵car il est implacable !
Moi je les éparpillerai ╵au milieu de Jacob,
je les disperserai ╵en Israël.

O toi, Juda, ╵tes frères te rendront hommage,
ta main fera ployer ╵la nuque de tes ennemis,
et les fils de ton père ╵se prosterneront devant toi.
Oui, Juda est un jeune lion[c].
Mon fils, tu reviens de la chasse
et tu t’es accroupi ╵et couché comme un lion,
comme une lionne : ╵qui te ferait lever ?
10 Le sceptre ne s’écartera ╵pas de Juda,
et l’insigne de chef ╵ne sera pas ôté ╵d’entre ses pieds
jusqu’à la venue de celui ╵auquel ils appartiennent[d]
et à qui tous les peuples ╵rendront obéissance.
11 Son âne, il l’attache à la vigne,
et, à un cep de choix, ╵le petit de l’ânesse.
Il lave dans le vin ╵son vêtement,
dans le jus des raisins ╵il nettoie son manteau[e].
12 Il a les yeux plus rouges que le vin,
les dents plus blanches que le lait[f].

13 Zabulon aura sa demeure ╵sur le rivage de la mer,
il aura sur sa côte ╵un port pour les navires,
son territoire s’étendra ╵jusqu’à Sidon.

14 Issacar est un âne ╵très vigoureux
couché au beau milieu ╵de deux enclos.
15 Il a trouvé ╵que le repos est bon,
que le pays est agréable,
il tend l’épaule ╵pour porter le fardeau,
et il s’assujettit ╵à la corvée.

16 Dan jugera son peuple,
comme les autres tribus d’Israël.
17 Que Dan soit un serpent ╵sur le chemin,
qu’il soit une vipère ╵sur le sentier,
mordant les jarrets du cheval,
pour que le cavalier ╵en tombe à la renverse.

18 Je compte sur toi, Eternel ╵pour accorder la délivrance.

19 Gad agressé par une troupe ╵l’assaillira
et c’est sa troupe à lui ╵qui poursuivra la troupe adverse.

20 Aser a une riche nourriture.
C’est lui qui fournira ╵des mets dignes d’un roi.

21 Nephtali est semblable ╵à une biche en liberté ╵qui donne de beaux faons.

22 Joseph est un rameau fertile
d’un arbre plein de fruits ╵planté près d’une source.
Ses branches grimpent et s’élancent ╵par-dessus la muraille.
23 Des archers le provoquent, ╵le prennent à partie,
et le harcèlent de leurs flèches.
24 Mais son arc reste ferme
car ses bras pleins de force ╵conservent leur souplesse
grâce au secours ╵du Puissant de Jacob,
qui est le berger et le Roc ╵sur lequel Israël se fonde.
25 Oui, le Dieu de ton père ╵viendra à ton secours,
le Tout-Puissant te bénira.
Qu’il veuille te bénir d’en haut ╵par des pluies abondantes
et par des eaux d’en bas ╵où repose l’abîme,
par de nombreux enfants ╵et beaucoup de troupeaux.
26 Les bénédictions de ton père surpassent
celles des montagnes antiques
et les meilleurs produits ╵des collines anciennes.
Que ces bénédictions ╵soient sur la tête de Joseph,
et sur le front ╵du prince de ses frères[g] !

27 Benjamin est semblable ╵à un loup qui déchire.
Dès le matin, ╵il dévore sa proie,
et sur le soir encore, ╵répartit le butin.

28 Tous ceux-là ont formé les douze tribus d’Israël, c’est ainsi que leur parla leur père et qu’il les bénit, en prononçant pour chacun sa bénédiction propre.

La mort de Jacob

29 Jacob leur donna ses instructions : Je vais aller rejoindre mes ancêtres, enterrez-moi auprès de mes pères dans la caverne qui se trouve dans le champ d’Ephrôn le Hittite, 30 dans la caverne du champ de Makpéla, vis-à-vis de Mamré, au pays de Canaan, la caverne qu’Abraham a achetée, avec le champ, à Ephrôn le Hittite en propriété funéraire[h]. 31 C’est là qu’on a enterré Abraham et sa femme Sara ; c’est là qu’on a enterré Isaac et sa femme Rébecca. C’est là aussi que j’ai enterré Léa. 32 Le champ et la caverne qui s’y trouve ont été achetés aux Hittites.

33 Lorsque Jacob eut achevé d’énoncer ses instructions à ses fils, il ramena ses pieds sur son lit, expira et fut réuni à ses ancêtres[i].

Footnotes

  1. 49.4 Voir Gn 35.22.
  2. 49.6 Voir Gn 34.25.
  3. 49.9 Voir Nb 24.9 ; Ap 5.5.
  4. 49.10 Nom diversement traduit : le Pacifique, le Dominateur, l’Envoyé. celui… appartiennent: rend un mot hébreu dont l’interprétation est discutée. Ez 21.32 semble confirmer la lecture adoptée ici. Cette prophétie est généralement rapportée au Messie qui devait naître de la tribu de Juda.
  5. 49.11 Image soulignant l’abondance (voir Ap 7.14 ; 19.13).
  6. 49.12 Autre traduction : Ses yeux ont été rendus sombres par le vin, et ses dents blanches par le lait.
  7. 49.26 Voir Dt 33.15.
  8. 49.30 Voir Gn 23.3-18.
  9. 49.33 Voir Ac 7.15.

Jacob Blesses His Sons(A)

49 Then Jacob called for his sons and said: “Gather around so I can tell you what will happen to you in days to come.(B)

“Assemble(C) and listen, sons of Jacob;
    listen to your father Israel.(D)

“Reuben, you are my firstborn,(E)
    my might, the first sign of my strength,(F)
    excelling in honor,(G) excelling in power.
Turbulent as the waters,(H) you will no longer excel,
    for you went up onto your father’s bed,
    onto my couch and defiled it.(I)

“Simeon(J) and Levi(K) are brothers—
    their swords[a] are weapons of violence.(L)
Let me not enter their council,
    let me not join their assembly,(M)
for they have killed men in their anger(N)
    and hamstrung(O) oxen as they pleased.
Cursed be their anger, so fierce,
    and their fury,(P) so cruel!(Q)
I will scatter them in Jacob
    and disperse them in Israel.(R)

“Judah,[b](S) your brothers will praise you;
    your hand will be on the neck(T) of your enemies;
    your father’s sons will bow down to you.(U)
You are a lion’s(V) cub,(W) Judah;(X)
    you return from the prey,(Y) my son.
Like a lion he crouches and lies down,
    like a lioness—who dares to rouse him?
10 The scepter will not depart from Judah,(Z)
    nor the ruler’s staff from between his feet,[c]
until he to whom it belongs[d] shall come(AA)
    and the obedience of the nations shall be his.(AB)
11 He will tether his donkey(AC) to a vine,
    his colt to the choicest branch;(AD)
he will wash his garments in wine,
    his robes in the blood of grapes.(AE)
12 His eyes will be darker than wine,
    his teeth whiter than milk.[e](AF)

13 “Zebulun(AG) will live by the seashore
    and become a haven for ships;
    his border will extend toward Sidon.(AH)

14 “Issachar(AI) is a rawboned[f] donkey
    lying down among the sheep pens.[g](AJ)
15 When he sees how good is his resting place
    and how pleasant is his land,(AK)
he will bend his shoulder to the burden(AL)
    and submit to forced labor.(AM)

16 “Dan[h](AN) will provide justice for his people
    as one of the tribes of Israel.(AO)
17 Dan(AP) will be a snake by the roadside,
    a viper along the path,(AQ)
that bites the horse’s heels(AR)
    so that its rider tumbles backward.

18 “I look for your deliverance,(AS) Lord.(AT)

19 “Gad[i](AU) will be attacked by a band of raiders,
    but he will attack them at their heels.(AV)

20 “Asher’s(AW) food will be rich;(AX)
    he will provide delicacies fit for a king.(AY)

21 “Naphtali(AZ) is a doe set free
    that bears beautiful fawns.[j](BA)

22 “Joseph(BB) is a fruitful vine,(BC)
    a fruitful vine near a spring,
    whose branches(BD) climb over a wall.[k]
23 With bitterness archers attacked him;(BE)
    they shot at him with hostility.(BF)
24 But his bow remained steady,(BG)
    his strong arms(BH) stayed[l] limber,
because of the hand of the Mighty One of Jacob,(BI)
    because of the Shepherd,(BJ) the Rock of Israel,(BK)
25 because of your father’s God,(BL) who helps(BM) you,
    because of the Almighty,[m](BN) who blesses you
with blessings of the skies above,
    blessings of the deep springs below,(BO)
    blessings of the breast(BP) and womb.(BQ)
26 Your father’s blessings are greater
    than the blessings of the ancient mountains,
    than[n] the bounty of the age-old hills.(BR)
Let all these rest on the head of Joseph,(BS)
    on the brow of the prince among[o] his brothers.(BT)

27 “Benjamin(BU) is a ravenous wolf;(BV)
    in the morning he devours the prey,(BW)
    in the evening he divides the plunder.”(BX)

28 All these are the twelve tribes of Israel,(BY) and this is what their father said to them when he blessed them, giving each the blessing(BZ) appropriate to him.

The Death of Jacob

29 Then he gave them these instructions:(CA) “I am about to be gathered to my people.(CB) Bury me with my fathers(CC) in the cave in the field of Ephron the Hittite,(CD) 30 the cave in the field of Machpelah,(CE) near Mamre(CF) in Canaan, which Abraham bought along with the field(CG) as a burial place(CH) from Ephron the Hittite. 31 There Abraham(CI) and his wife Sarah(CJ) were buried, there Isaac and his wife Rebekah(CK) were buried, and there I buried Leah.(CL) 32 The field and the cave in it were bought from the Hittites.[p](CM)

33 When Jacob had finished giving instructions to his sons, he drew his feet up into the bed, breathed his last and was gathered to his people.(CN)

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 49:5 The meaning of the Hebrew for this word is uncertain.
  2. Genesis 49:8 Judah sounds like and may be derived from the Hebrew for praise.
  3. Genesis 49:10 Or from his descendants
  4. Genesis 49:10 Or to whom tribute belongs; the meaning of the Hebrew for this phrase is uncertain.
  5. Genesis 49:12 Or will be dull from wine, / his teeth white from milk
  6. Genesis 49:14 Or strong
  7. Genesis 49:14 Or the campfires; or the saddlebags
  8. Genesis 49:16 Dan here means he provides justice.
  9. Genesis 49:19 Gad sounds like the Hebrew for attack and also for band of raiders.
  10. Genesis 49:21 Or free; / he utters beautiful words
  11. Genesis 49:22 Or Joseph is a wild colt, / a wild colt near a spring, / a wild donkey on a terraced hill
  12. Genesis 49:24 Or archers will attack … will shoot … will remain … will stay
  13. Genesis 49:25 Hebrew Shaddai
  14. Genesis 49:26 Or of my progenitors, / as great as
  15. Genesis 49:26 Or of the one separated from
  16. Genesis 49:32 Or the descendants of Heth

49 And Jacob called unto his sons, and said, Gather yourselves together, that I may tell you that which shall befall you in the last days.

Gather yourselves together, and hear, ye sons of Jacob; and hearken unto Israel your father.

Reuben, thou art my firstborn, my might, and the beginning of my strength, the excellency of dignity, and the excellency of power:

Unstable as water, thou shalt not excel; because thou wentest up to thy father's bed; then defiledst thou it: he went up to my couch.

Simeon and Levi are brethren; instruments of cruelty are in their habitations.

O my soul, come not thou into their secret; unto their assembly, mine honour, be not thou united: for in their anger they slew a man, and in their selfwill they digged down a wall.

Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce; and their wrath, for it was cruel: I will divide them in Jacob, and scatter them in Israel.

Judah, thou art he whom thy brethren shall praise: thy hand shall be in the neck of thine enemies; thy father's children shall bow down before thee.

Judah is a lion's whelp: from the prey, my son, thou art gone up: he stooped down, he couched as a lion, and as an old lion; who shall rouse him up?

10 The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come; and unto him shall the gathering of the people be.

11 Binding his foal unto the vine, and his ass's colt unto the choice vine; he washed his garments in wine, and his clothes in the blood of grapes:

12 His eyes shall be red with wine, and his teeth white with milk.

13 Zebulun shall dwell at the haven of the sea; and he shall be for an haven of ships; and his border shall be unto Zidon.

14 Issachar is a strong ass couching down between two burdens:

15 And he saw that rest was good, and the land that it was pleasant; and bowed his shoulder to bear, and became a servant unto tribute.

16 Dan shall judge his people, as one of the tribes of Israel.

17 Dan shall be a serpent by the way, an adder in the path, that biteth the horse heels, so that his rider shall fall backward.

18 I have waited for thy salvation, O Lord.

19 Gad, a troop shall overcome him: but he shall overcome at the last.

20 Out of Asher his bread shall be fat, and he shall yield royal dainties.

21 Naphtali is a hind let loose: he giveth goodly words.

22 Joseph is a fruitful bough, even a fruitful bough by a well; whose branches run over the wall:

23 The archers have sorely grieved him, and shot at him, and hated him:

24 But his bow abode in strength, and the arms of his hands were made strong by the hands of the mighty God of Jacob; (from thence is the shepherd, the stone of Israel:)

25 Even by the God of thy father, who shall help thee; and by the Almighty, who shall bless thee with blessings of heaven above, blessings of the deep that lieth under, blessings of the breasts, and of the womb:

26 The blessings of thy father have prevailed above the blessings of my progenitors unto the utmost bound of the everlasting hills: they shall be on the head of Joseph, and on the crown of the head of him that was separate from his brethren.

27 Benjamin shall ravin as a wolf: in the morning he shall devour the prey, and at night he shall divide the spoil.

28 All these are the twelve tribes of Israel: and this is it that their father spake unto them, and blessed them; every one according to his blessing he blessed them.

29 And he charged them, and said unto them, I am to be gathered unto my people: bury me with my fathers in the cave that is in the field of Ephron the Hittite,

30 In the cave that is in the field of Machpelah, which is before Mamre, in the land of Canaan, which Abraham bought with the field of Ephron the Hittite for a possession of a buryingplace.

31 There they buried Abraham and Sarah his wife; there they buried Isaac and Rebekah his wife; and there I buried Leah.

32 The purchase of the field and of the cave that is therein was from the children of Heth.

33 And when Jacob had made an end of commanding his sons, he gathered up his feet into the bed, and yielded up the ghost, and was gathered unto his people.