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獻贖愆祭的幾種事例

“如果有人犯罪:他聽見發誓的聲音(“發誓的聲音”或譯:“傳召作證的聲音”,或“發咒語的聲音”);他本是證人,卻不肯把看見或知道的說出來,他就要擔當自己的罪責。 或人摸了甚麼不潔淨的東西,無論是不潔淨野獸的屍體,或是不潔淨牲畜的屍體,或是不潔淨昆蟲的屍體,當時並不留意,他因為成了不潔淨,就有罪了; 或有人摸了人的污穢,他沒有留意沾染了甚麼污穢;他一知道,就有罪了。 或有人嘴唇輕率發誓,無論是出於惡意或是出於好意,他沒有留意起了甚麼誓;他一知道,就有罪了。 如果他在任何一件事上犯了罪,就要承認自己所犯的罪; 他要為所犯的罪,把贖愆祭帶到耶和華面前當作贖罪祭,就是羊群中的母羊,或綿羊羔或山羊;祭司就為他的罪行贖罪。

“他的經濟能力若是不夠獻一隻羊,他就要為所犯的罪,帶兩隻斑鳩或兩隻雛鴿到耶和華面前作贖愆祭,一隻作贖罪祭,一隻作燔祭。 他要把牠們帶到祭司那裡,祭司就要先獻上作為贖罪祭的一隻,把鳥的頭從頸項上扭斷,只是不可撕斷。 然後他要把贖罪祭牲的一些血,彈在祭壇旁邊,其餘的血要在祭壇腳那裡擠出來;這是贖罪祭。 10 第二隻作為燔祭的鳥,要按照燔祭的規則獻上,祭司為他的罪行贖罪,他就蒙赦免。

11 “他的經濟能力若是不夠獻兩隻斑鳩或兩隻雛鴿,就要為所犯的罪,帶來一公斤的細麵作贖罪祭的供物;供物不可澆上油,也不可加上乳香,因為這是贖罪祭。 12 他要把供物帶到祭司那裡,祭司從其中取出一把,作為象徵,放在祭壇耶和華的火祭上面焚燒;這是贖罪祭。 13 祭司為他所犯的任何一樣罪贖罪,他就蒙赦免。其餘的祭物(“其餘的祭物”直譯是“它”)要歸給祭司,好像素祭一樣。”

贖愆祭的條例

14 耶和華對摩西說: 15 “如果有人在耶和華的聖物上不忠實,無意犯了罪,他就要依照你按著聖所衡量銀子標準所估的銀價,把他的贖愆祭牲,就是羊群中一隻沒有殘疾的公綿羊,牽到耶和華面前作贖愆祭。 16 他要補償他在聖物上所虧欠的,另加五分之一,交給祭司;祭司要用贖愆祭的公綿羊為他贖罪,他就蒙赦免。

17 “如果有人犯了罪,行了一件耶和華吩咐不可行的事;他雖然不清楚,仍是有罪,他就要擔當自己的罪責。 18 他要依照你的估價,從羊群中把一隻沒有殘疾的公綿羊牽來,給祭司作贖愆祭。祭司為他贖罪,那不清楚的無心之失,就蒙赦免。 19 這是贖愆祭,他在耶和華面前實在有罪。”

More Laws Regarding Sin Offerings

“‘When a person[a] sins in that[b] he hears the utterance of a curse and he is a witness or he sees or he knows, if he does not make it known, then[c] he shall bear his guilt. Or if a person[d] touches anything unclean, whether[e] an unclean wild[f] animal’s dead body or an unclean domestic animal’s dead body or an unclean swarmer’s dead body, but[g] he is unaware of it,[h] he is unclean and he is guilty. Or when he touches human uncleanness, namely[i] any uncleanness of his by which he might become unclean, but[j] he is unaware of it,[k] and he himself finds out, then[l] he will be guilty. Or when a person[m] swears, speaking thoughtlessly with his lips, to do evil or to do good with regard to[n] anything that the person[o] in a sworn oath speaks thoughtlessly, but[p] he is unaware of it,[q] he will be guilty in any of[r] these. When he becomes guilty in any of[s] these, he shall confess[t] what he has sinned regarding[u] it, and he shall bring his guilt offering to[v] Yahweh for his sin that he has committed:[w] a female from the flock,[x] a ewe-lamb or a she-goat,[y] as a sin offering, and the priest shall make atonement for him for[z] his sin.

“‘If[aa] he cannot afford a sheep,[ab] he shall bring as his guilt offering for what he sinned two turtledoves or two young doves[ac] for Yahweh, one for a sin offering and one for a burnt offering. He shall bring[ad] them to the priest, and he shall present that which is for the sin offering first, and the priest[ae] shall wring its head off at the back of its neck,[af] but[ag] he must not sever it, and he shall spatter some of[ah] the sin offering’s blood on the altar’s side, and the leftover blood must be drained out on the altar’s base; it is a sin offering. 10 The second[ai] bird he must prepare as a burnt offering according to the regulation, and the priest shall make atonement for him for his sin that he has committed,[aj] and he shall be forgiven.

11 “‘But[ak] if he cannot afford[al] two turtledoves or two young doves,[am] then,[an] because he has sinned, he shall bring as his offering a tenth of an[ao] ephah of finely milled flour as a sin offering. He must not put[ap] oil on it, nor should he put frankincense on it, because it is a sin offering. 12 He shall bring[aq] it to the priest, and the priest shall take a handful of it[ar] for its token portion, and he shall turn it to smoke on the altar in addition to[as] the offerings made by fire to Yahweh; it is a sin offering. 13 Thus[at] the priest shall make atonement for him because of the sin that he has committed[au] in any of these,[av] and he shall be forgiven. It shall be[aw] for the priest, like the grain offering.’”

Laws for Guilt Offerings

14 Then[ax] Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 15 “When a person[ay] displays infidelity[az] and he sins in an unintentional wrong in any of[ba] Yahweh’s holy things, then[bb] he shall bring his guilt offering to[bc] Yahweh: a ram without defect from the flock[bd] as a guilt offering by your valuation in silver shekels[be] according to the sanctuary shekel. 16 And he shall make restitution for what he sinned because of[bf] a holy thing and shall add one-fifth of its value[bg] onto it and shall give it to the priest. The priest[bh] shall make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt offering, and he will be forgiven.

17 “If[bi] a person[bj] when he sins violates[bk] one from all of Yahweh’s commands that should not be violated,[bl] but[bm] he did not know, then[bn] he is guilty and he shall bear his guilt. 18 He shall bring[bo] to the priest a ram without defect from the flock[bp] as a guilt offering by your valuation, and the priest shall make atonement for him because of his unintentional wrong (although[bq] he himself did not know), and he will be forgiven. 19 It is a guilt offering; he certainly was guilty before Yahweh.”

Footnotes

  1. Leviticus 5:1 Or “a soul”
  2. Leviticus 5:1 Or “and”
  3. Leviticus 5:1 Or “and”
  4. Leviticus 5:2 Or “a soul”
  5. Leviticus 5:2 Literally “or”
  6. Leviticus 5:2 Implied by the following phrase specifying domestic animals
  7. Leviticus 5:2 Or “and”
  8. Leviticus 5:2 Literally “it is concealed from him”
  9. Leviticus 5:3 Literally “for” or “to” (see HALOT 510)
  10. Leviticus 5:3 Or “and”
  11. Leviticus 5:3 Literally “it is concealed from him”
  12. Leviticus 5:3 Or “and”
  13. Leviticus 5:4 Or “a soul”
  14. Leviticus 5:4 Literally “for” or “to” (see HALOT 510)
  15. Leviticus 5:4 Literally “the man”
  16. Leviticus 5:4 Or “and”
  17. Leviticus 5:4 Literally “it is concealed from him”
  18. Leviticus 5:4 Literally “for one of”
  19. Leviticus 5:5 Literally “for one of”
  20. Leviticus 5:5 Or “and he shall confess”
  21. Leviticus 5:5 Literally “upon” or “against”
  22. Leviticus 5:6 Or “for”
  23. Leviticus 5:6 Literally “sinned”
  24. Leviticus 5:6 The Hebrew term refers collectively to both sheep and goats (small livestock animals)
  25. Leviticus 5:6 Literally “a she-goat of goats”
  26. Leviticus 5:6 Hebrew “from”
  27. Leviticus 5:7 Or “And if”
  28. Leviticus 5:7 Literally “his hand does not touch enough of small livestock”
  29. Leviticus 5:7 Literally “sons of dove” or “children of dove”
  30. Leviticus 5:8 Or “And he shall bring”
  31. Leviticus 5:8 Required by the previous action (see NET)
  32. Leviticus 5:8 Literally “from opposite its neck”
  33. Leviticus 5:8 Or “and”
  34. Leviticus 5:9 Literally “from”
  35. Leviticus 5:10 Or “And the second”
  36. Leviticus 5:10 Literally “sinned”
  37. Leviticus 5:11 Or “And”
  38. Leviticus 5:11 Literally “his hand cannot produce for”
  39. Leviticus 5:11 Literally “sons of dove” or “children of dove”
  40. Leviticus 5:11 Or “and”
  41. Leviticus 5:11 Hebrew “the”
  42. Leviticus 5:11 Or “And he must not put”
  43. Leviticus 5:12 Or “And he shall bring”
  44. Leviticus 5:12 Literally “shall scoop up from it the fullness of his handful”
  45. Leviticus 5:12 Literally “on” or “upon”
  46. Leviticus 5:13 Or “And”
  47. Leviticus 5:13 Literally “sinned”
  48. Leviticus 5:13 Literally “from one from these”
  49. Leviticus 5:13 Or “And it shall be”
  50. Leviticus 5:14 Or “And”
  51. Leviticus 5:15 Or “a soul”
  52. Leviticus 5:15 Literally “acts unfaithfully infidelity” or “is unfaithful in unfaithfulness”
  53. Leviticus 5:15 Literally “from”
  54. Leviticus 5:15 Or “and”
  55. Leviticus 5:15 Or “for”
  56. Leviticus 5:15 The Hebrew term refers collectively to both sheep and goats (small livestock animals)
  57. Leviticus 5:15 Or “convertible into silver shekels” (NET, NRSV, TNK), “of the proper value in silver” (NIV; cp. ESV “valued in silver shekels,” CSB), or “or you may buy one of equal value with silver” (NLT)
  58. Leviticus 5:16 Literally “from” (see HALOT 598)
  59. Leviticus 5:16 Literally “it”
  60. Leviticus 5:16 Or “And the priest”
  61. Leviticus 5:17 Or “And if”
  62. Leviticus 5:17 Or “a soul”
  63. Leviticus 5:17 Literally “and she/it does”
  64. Leviticus 5:17 Literally “they are to be done”
  65. Leviticus 5:17 Or “and”
  66. Leviticus 5:17 Or “and”
  67. Leviticus 5:18 Or “And he shall bring”
  68. Leviticus 5:18 The Hebrew term refers collectively to both sheep and goats (small livestock animals)
  69. Leviticus 5:18 Or “and”