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利未记 25
Chinese New Version (Simplified)

安息年(A)

25 耶和华在西奈山对摩西说： 2 “你要告诉以色列人，对他们说：你们到了我赐给你们的那地以后，地要守耶和华的安息。 3 六年之内，你要耕种田地；六年之内，你要修剪葡萄园，收藏地的出产； 4 但是第七年，地要完全休歇，享受耶和华的安息；你不可耕种田地，也不可修剪葡萄园。 5 你收割以后自然生长的庄稼，你不可收割；没有修剪的葡萄树果子，你也不可采摘；这一年，地要完全休歇。 6 地在安息年的自然出产，是给你们作食物的；就是给你，你的仆婢、雇工和寄居的，就是与你们一起居住的人； 7 甚至你的牲畜，以及你那地的走兽，都以安息年的出产作食物。

禧年

8 “你又要为自己计算七个安息年，就是七个七年，你经过了七个安息年，四十九年的日子以后， 9 在七月初十，你要吹角，在赎罪日，角声要响遍你的全地。 10 你们要把第五十年分别为圣，向全地所有居民宣布自由；这一年是你们的禧年，你们各人要归回自己的地业，归回自己的父家。 11 第五十年是你们的禧年；这一年你们不可耕种，也不可收割自然生长的，也不可采摘没有修剪的葡萄树果子。 12 因为这是禧年，你们要当作圣年；你们可以吃地里的出产。

13 “在这禧年中，你们各人要归回自己的地业。 14 如果你卖甚么给邻舍，或是从邻舍的手里买甚么，你们不可欺负对方。 15 你要按照下一个禧年以前还剩余的年数向邻舍买；他也要按照这年数可得的出产价值卖给你。 16 年数多，你付的买价就要增多。年数少，你付的买价就要减少。因为他是按出产的数值卖给你。 17 你们不可欺负对方，却要敬畏你的　神，因为我是耶和华你们的　神。

18 “所以你们要遵行我的律例，谨守我的典章，遵照奉行，就可以在那地安然居住。 19 地必生产果实，你们就可以吃饱，在那地安然居住。 20 如果你们问：在第七年我们不耕种，也不收藏我们的出产，我们吃甚么呢？ 21 在第六年，我必命我的福临到你们，地就会生产足够三年食用的出产。 22 第八年你们耕种时，仍有旧粮吃；直到第九年，收成新粮的时候，你还有旧粮可吃。

赎回土地的条例

23 “地不可永远卖掉，因为地是我的；你们在我面前不过是寄居的和客旅。 24 在你们所得为业的全地，你们应该让人有赎地的权利。 25 如果你的兄弟贫穷，卖了部分地业，他的至亲可以来，把兄弟所卖的赎回。 26 如果没有代赎人，而他自己的经济能力改善，足够把地赎回， 27 他就要计算卖地的年数，把余剩年数的出产数值还给那买主，他就可以收回自己的地业。 28 如果他没有足够的能力为自己收回卖了的地，他所卖的就要存在买主的手里，直到禧年；到了禧年，买主必须把地归还，卖地的人可以收回自己的地业。

赎回房屋的条例

29 “如果有人卖了一所城内的住宅，在卖了以后的一整年之内，他有赎回的权利；在这些日子以内，他随时可赎回。 30 如果满了一年期不赎回，那所城内的房屋，就要确定归买主世世代代为业；就算到了禧年，买主也不必交出退还。 31 但房屋在四围没有城墙的村庄里，就要算为乡下的田地一样，是可以赎回的；到了禧年，买主要交出退还。 32 至于利未人的城，就是他们所得为业的城，其中的房屋，利未人有随时可以赎回的权利。 33 如果一个利未人在他所得为业的城里，没有赎回已经卖了的房屋，到了禧年，买主仍要交出退还；因为利未人城里的房屋，是他们在以色列人中的产业。 34 只是他们城郊之地不可出卖，因为是他们永远的地业。

借钱给穷人的条例

35 “如果你的兄弟贫穷，在你那里手头拮据，你要资助他，使他可以与你一同生活，像旅客寄居的一样。 36 你不可向他收取高利，却要敬畏你的　神，使你的兄弟可以与你一同生活。 37 你借钱给他，不可向他取利息；借粮给他，也不可要他多还。 38 我是耶和华你们的　神，曾经把你们从埃及地领出来，要把迦南地赐给你们，而且要作你们的　神。

买卖奴婢的条例

39 “你的兄弟在你那里若是贫穷了，卖身给你，你不可逼他作奴仆的工作。 40 他在你那里要像雇工和寄居的一样；他要服事你直到禧年。 41 到了禧年，他和他的儿女要离开你，归回他本家，归回自己祖宗的地业。 42 因为他们是我的仆人，是我从埃及地领出来的，他们不可以卖作奴仆。 43 你不可严严地辖制他，却要敬畏你的　神。 44 至于你需要的仆婢，可以来自你们四围的列国，你们可以从他们中间购买奴婢。 45 你们也可以从那些与你们住在一起的外人的儿女中，或是从他们的家族中，就是那些与你们在一起，在你们境内所生的，购买奴婢；他们要作你们的产业。 46 你们要把他们留给你们的子孙作永远的产业，你们要从他们中间取奴仆；只是你们的兄弟以色列人，你们却不可苛刻管辖。

寄居者自卖为奴的条例

47 “在你中间寄居的外人或是客旅若是富足起来，你的兄弟在他那里却渐渐穷乏，把自己卖给住在你那里寄居的外人或客旅的家族， 48 卖了自己以后，他仍有赎回的权利；他兄弟中的任何一个都可以赎他； 49 他的叔伯或是他叔伯的儿子可以赎他，他家族中的骨肉至亲也可以赎他；如果他自己的经济能力改善，也可以自赎。 50 他要与买主计算，从卖身那一年起，直到禧年为止；照着年数的多少，按雇工的工价计算赎银。 51 如果卖身时还有很多年才到禧年，他就要按着年数，照他卖身的价银按比例偿还他的赎价。 52 如果距离禧年只有几年，他就按着年数，与买主计算，按雇工的工价，偿还他的赎价。 53 买主要像每年雇用的工人那样待他。不可在你眼前苛刻地管辖他。 54 如果他不在这些年间把自己赎回，到了禧年，也可以和他的儿女一同离去。 55 因为以色列人都是属我的仆人；他们是我的仆人，是我把他们从埃及地领了出来的；我是耶和华你们的　神。”

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利未记 25
Chinese Contemporary Bible (Simplified)

安息年的条例

25 耶和华在西奈山上对摩西说： 2 “你把以下条例告诉以色列人。

“你们到了我将要赐给你们的土地后，要让土地每七年在耶和华面前休耕一年。 3 六年之内，你们可以耕种田地，修整葡萄园，收获出产。 4 但第七年是安息年，土地要休息，以尊崇耶和华。你们不可耕种，不可修整葡萄园。 5 不可收割自生自长的庄稼，也不可摘未经修剪而结的葡萄。这一年土地要休耕。 6 但安息年间土地里自生自长的，你们和你们的仆婢、雇工与住在你们中间的外族人都可以吃， 7 你们的牲畜和境内的野兽也可以吃。

禧年的条例

8 “你们要计算七个安息年，即七个七年，共四十九年。 9 第五十年的七月十日赎罪日那天，你们要在境内各地吹号。 10 你们要以这年为圣年，向境内所有居民宣告自由。这年将成为你们的禧年。各人要得回卖掉的祖业，卖身为奴的可以自由回家。 11 第五十年是你们的禧年。这一年你们不可耕种，不可收割自生自长的庄稼，也不可摘未经修剪而结的葡萄。 12 这是禧年，是你们的圣年，你们可以吃土地里自生自长的。 13 在禧年，各人要得回卖掉的地业。 14 因此，你们和同胞买卖田地时，不可彼此亏负。 15 买卖双方要按照距下个禧年的年数多少定价。 16 距下个禧年的年数多，价钱就高；年数少，价钱就低。因为卖的是田地收成的次数。 17 要敬畏你们的上帝，不可彼此亏负。我是你们的上帝耶和华。 18 你们要遵行我的律例，持守我的典章，就可以在那片土地上安居。 19 土地会出产丰富，使你们丰衣足食、安然居住。 20 你们可能会问，‘第七年不种不收，我们吃什么？’ 21 我要在第六年赐福给你们，使田地的出产够你们吃三年。 22 第八年开始耕种时，你们仍会吃陈粮，一直吃到第九年的收割季节。

赎回土地的条例

23 “你们不可永远卖掉土地，因为土地是我的，你们只不过是寄居在那片土地上的过客。 24 你们购买每一块土地时，都必须让原主保留赎回的权利。 25 如果有人因贫穷而卖掉土地，他的近亲要把卖掉的土地赎回来。 26 如果无人为他赎回，而他自己渐渐富裕起来，有能力赎回， 27 他要计算卖掉土地的年数，退还距下个禧年所剩年数的地价，便可以赎回自己的土地。 28 如果他没有能力赎回，所卖的土地在禧年之前要属于买主。到了禧年，买主必须把土地归还原主。

赎回房屋的条例

29 “如果有人卖掉自己城里的房子，要保留一年赎回权。卖掉房子的一年之内，他可以赎回。 30 如果一年之内他没有赎回，房子便永远归买主所有，就是到了禧年也不用归还。 31 如果房子在四围无墙的乡村，要视房子为乡下的土地，原主可以赎回；到了禧年，买主必须将房子归还。 32 在利未人的城邑里，利未人有权随时赎回所卖的房子。 33 如果他们没有赎回，到了禧年要把房子归还他们；因为在利未人的城里，利未人的房屋是他们在以色列人中所拥有的产业。 34 但不可出卖利未人城郊的草场。那是他们永远拥有的产业。

照顾同胞的条例

35 “如果你们的同胞生活日益贫穷，难以维生，你们要像照顾外族人和寄居者一样照顾他的生活，让他住在你们当中。 36 你们不可从中谋利，要敬畏上帝，让他住在你们当中。 37 你们借钱给他，不可收取利息；借粮给他，不可谋利。 38 我是你们的上帝耶和华。我曾经带领你们离开埃及，为要把迦南赐给你们，并做你们的上帝。

买卖奴隶的条例

39 “如果你们的同胞穷得把自己卖给你们，不可把他当作奴隶， 40 要待他像雇工和寄居者一样。他要为你工作到禧年。 41 到了禧年，他和孩子们便可以离开你们，回到自己的宗族和祖业。 42 因为以色列人是我的仆人，是我从埃及带出来的，所以他们不可卖身为奴。 43 你们也不可苛待他们，要敬畏你们的上帝。 44 你们可以从邻国购买奴隶， 45 也可以买居住或出生在你们境内的外族人。这些人可以作你们的产业。 46 你们可以将他们作为产业传给你们的子孙，使他们终身做奴隶。但你们不可苛待自己的同胞。

47 “如果你们中间的外族人渐渐富裕，你们同胞中却有人日益贫穷，把自己卖给外族人或他们的族人， 48 他可以保留赎身的权利。他的兄弟、 49 叔伯、堂兄弟或其他近亲都可以赎回他。如果他富裕起来，也可以赎回自己。 50 他要和买主计算从自己卖身为奴到下个禧年之间的年数，然后按雇工的工价，照年数计算赎价。 51 如果离禧年还有很多年，他就要按比例偿还大部分卖身款为自己赎身。 52 如果离禧年只有不多的几年，他就要按年数偿还卖身款为自己赎身。 53 买主要待他如按年雇佣的工人。你们要确保买主不会苛待他。 54 如果禧年来临前他没有被赎回，到了禧年他和孩子们都要获得自由。 55 因为以色列人是我的仆人，是我从埃及领出来的仆人。我是你们的上帝耶和华。

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Leviticus 25
New English Translation

Regulations for the Sabbatical Year

25 The Lord spoke to Moses at Mount Sinai: 2 “Speak to the Israelites and tell them, ‘When you enter the land that I am giving you, the land must observe a Sabbath[a] to the Lord. 3 Six years you may sow your field, and six years you may prune your vineyard and gather the produce,[b] 4 but in the seventh year the land must have a Sabbath of complete rest[c]—a Sabbath to the Lord. You must not sow your field or[d] prune your vineyard. 5 You must not gather in the aftergrowth of your harvest and you must not pick the grapes of your unpruned vines;[e] the land must have a year of complete rest. 6 You may have the Sabbath produce[f] of the land to eat—you, your male servant, your female servant, your hired worker, the resident foreigner who stays with you,[g] 7 your cattle, and the wild animals that are in your land—all its produce will be for you[h] to eat.

Regulations for the Jubilee Year of Release

8 “‘You must count off[i] seven weeks of years, seven times seven years,[j] and the days of the seven weeks of years will amount to forty-nine years.[k] 9 You must sound loud horn blasts[l]—in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, on the Day of Atonement—you must sound the horn in your entire land. 10 So you must consecrate the fiftieth year,[m] and you must proclaim a release[n] in the land for all its inhabitants. That year will be your Jubilee;[o] each one of you must return[p] to his property and each one of you must return to his clan. 11 That fiftieth year will be your Jubilee; you must not sow the land, harvest its aftergrowth, or pick the grapes of its unpruned vines.[q] 12 Because that year is a Jubilee, it will be holy to you—you may eat its produce[r] from the field.

Release of Landed Property

13 “‘In this Year of Jubilee you must each return[s] to your property. 14 If you make a sale[t] to your fellow citizen[u] or buy[v] from your fellow citizen, no one is to wrong his brother.[w] 15 You may buy it from your fellow citizen according to the number of years since[x] the last Jubilee; he may sell it to you according to the years of produce that are left.[y] 16 The more years there are,[z] the more you may make its purchase price, and the fewer years there are,[aa] the less you must make its purchase price, because he is only selling to you a number of years of[ab] produce. 17 No one is to oppress his fellow citizen,[ac] but you must fear your God, because I am the Lord your God. 18 You must obey my statutes and my regulations; you must be sure to keep them[ad] so that you may live securely in the land.[ae]

19 “‘The land will give its fruit and you may eat until you are satisfied,[af] and you may live securely in the land. 20 If you say, “What will we eat in the seventh year if we do not sow and gather our produce?” 21 I will command my blessing for you in the sixth year so that it may yield[ag] the produce[ah] for three years, 22 and you may sow the eighth year and eat from that sixth year’s produce[ai]—old produce. Until you bring in the ninth year’s produce,[aj] you may eat old produce. 23 The land must not be sold without reclaim[ak] because the land belongs to me, for you are foreign residents, temporary settlers, with me.[al] 24 In all your landed property[am] you must provide for the right of redemption of the land.[an]

25 “‘If your brother becomes impoverished and sells some of his property, his near redeemer is to come to you and redeem what his brother sold.[ao] 26 If a man has no redeemer, but he prospers[ap] and gains enough for its redemption,[aq] 27 he is to calculate the value of the years it was sold,[ar] refund the balance[as] to the man to whom he had sold it, and return to his property. 28 If he has not prospered enough to refund[at] a balance to him, then what he sold[au] will belong to[av] the one who bought it until the Jubilee year, but it must revert[aw] in the Jubilee and the original owner[ax] may return to his property.

Release of Houses

29 “‘If a man sells a residential house in a walled city,[ay] its right of redemption must extend[az] until one full year from its sale;[ba] its right of redemption must extend to a full calendar year.[bb] 30 If it is not redeemed before the full calendar year is ended,[bc] the house in the walled city[bd] will belong without reclaim[be] to the one who bought it throughout his generations; it will not revert in the Jubilee. 31 The houses of villages, however,[bf] which have no wall surrounding them[bg] must be considered as the field[bh] of the land; they will have the right of redemption and must revert in the Jubilee. 32 As for[bi] the cities of the Levites, the houses in the cities which they possess,[bj] the Levites must have a perpetual right of redemption. 33 Whatever someone among the Levites might redeem—the sale of a house which is his property in a city—must revert in the Jubilee,[bk] because the houses of the cities of the Levites are their property in the midst of the Israelites. 34 Moreover,[bl] the open field areas of their cities[bm] must not be sold, because that is their perpetual possession.

Debt and Slave Regulations

35 “‘If your brother[bn] becomes impoverished and is indebted to you,[bo] you must support[bp] him; he must live[bq] with you like a foreign resident.[br] 36 Do not take interest or profit from him,[bs] but you must fear your God and your brother must live[bt] with you. 37 You must not lend him your money at interest and you must not sell him food for profit.[bu] 38 I am the Lord your God who brought you out from the land of Egypt to give you the land of Canaan—to be your God.[bv]

39 “‘If your brother becomes impoverished with regard to you so that he sells himself to you, you must not subject him to slave service.[bw] 40 He must be with you as a hired worker, as a resident foreigner;[bx] he must serve with you until the Year of Jubilee, 41 but then[by] he may go free,[bz] he and his children with him, and may return to his family and to the property of his ancestors.[ca] 42 Since the Israelites[cb] are my servants whom I brought out from the land of Egypt, they must not be sold in a slave sale.[cc] 43 You must not rule over them harshly,[cd] but you must fear your God.

44 “‘As for your male and female slaves[ce] who may belong to you—you may buy male and female slaves from the nations all around you.[cf] 45 Also, you may buy slaves[cg] from the children of the foreigners who reside with you, and from their families that are[ch] with you, whom they have fathered in your land; they may become your property. 46 You may give them as an inheritance to your children after you to possess as property. You may enslave them perpetually. However, as for your brothers the Israelites, no man may rule over his brother harshly.[ci]

47 “‘If a resident foreigner who is with you prospers[cj] and your brother becomes impoverished with regard to him so that[ck] he sells himself to a resident foreigner who is with you or to a member[cl] of a foreigner’s family, 48 after he has sold himself he retains a right of redemption.[cm] One of his brothers may redeem him, 49 or his uncle or his cousin[cn] may redeem him, or any one of the rest of his blood relatives—his family[co]—may redeem him, or if[cp] he prospers he may redeem himself. 50 He must calculate with the one who bought him the number of years[cq] from the year he sold himself to him until the Jubilee year, and the cost of his sale must correspond to the number of years, according to the rate of wages a hired worker would have earned while with him.[cr] 51 If there are still many years, in keeping with them[cs] he must refund most of the cost of his purchase for his redemption, 52 but if only a few years remain[ct] until the Jubilee, he must calculate for himself in keeping with the remaining years and refund it for his redemption. 53 He must be with the one who bought him[cu] like a yearly hired worker.[cv] The one who bought him[cw] must not rule over him harshly in your sight. 54 If, however,[cx] he is not redeemed in these ways, he must go free[cy] in the Jubilee year, he and his children with him, 55 because the Israelites are my own servants;[cz] they are my servants whom I brought out from the land of Egypt. I am the Lord your God.

Footnotes

  1. Leviticus 25:2 tn Heb “the land shall rest a Sabbath.”
  2. Leviticus 25:3 tn Heb “its produce,” but the feminine pronoun “its” probably refers to the “land” (a feminine noun in Hebrew; cf. v. 2), not the “field” or the “vineyard,” both of which are normally masculine nouns (see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 170).
  3. Leviticus 25:4 tn Heb “and in the seventh year a Sabbath of complete rest shall be to the land.” The expression “a Sabbath of complete rest” is superlative, emphasizing the full and all inclusive rest of the seventh year of the sabbatical cycle. Cf. ASV “a sabbath of solemn rest”; NAB “a complete rest.”
  4. Leviticus 25:4 tn Heb “and.” Here the Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) has an alternative sense (“or”).
  5. Leviticus 25:5 tn Heb “consecrated, devoted, forbidden” (נָזִיר, nazir). The same term is used for the “consecration” of the “Nazirite” (and his hair, Num 6:2, 18, etc.), a designation which, in turn, derives from the very same root.
  6. Leviticus 25:6 tn The word “produce” is not in the Hebrew text but is implied; cf. NASB “the sabbath products.”
  7. Leviticus 25:6 tn A “resident who stays” would be a foreign person who was probably residing as another kind of laborer in the household of a landowner (B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 170-71). See v. 35 below.
  8. Leviticus 25:7 tn The words “for you” are implied.
  9. Leviticus 25:8 tn Heb “And you shall count off for yourself.”
  10. Leviticus 25:8 tn Heb “seven years seven times.”
  11. Leviticus 25:8 tn Heb “and they shall be for you, the days of the seven Sabbaths of years, forty-nine years.”
  12. Leviticus 25:9 sn On the “loud horn blasts” see the note on Lev 23:24, but unlike the language there, the Hebrew term for “horn” (שׁוֹפָר, shofar) actually appears here in this verse (twice).
  13. Leviticus 25:10 tn Heb “the year of the fifty years,” or perhaps “the year, fifty years” (GKC 435 §134.o, note 2).
  14. Leviticus 25:10 tn Cf. KJV, ASV, NAB, NIV, NRSV “liberty”; TEV, CEV “freedom.” The characteristics of this “release” are detailed in the following verses. For substantial summaries and bibliography on the biblical and ancient Near Eastern material regarding such a “release” see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 427-34, and B. A. Levine, Leviticus (JPSTC), 270-74.
  15. Leviticus 25:10 tn Heb “A jubilee that shall be to you.” Although there has been some significant debate about the original meaning of the Hebrew word translated “jubilee” (יוֹבֵל, yovel; see the summary in J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 434), the term most likely means “ram” and can refer also to a “ram’s horn.” The fiftieth year would, therefore, be called the “jubilee” because of the associated sounding of the “ram’s horn” (see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 172, and the literature cited there).
  16. Leviticus 25:10 tn Heb “you [plural] shall return, a man.”
  17. Leviticus 25:11 tn Heb “you shall not sow and you shall not…and you shall not….”sn See v. 5 above and the notes there.
  18. Leviticus 25:12 tn That is, the produce of the land (fem.; cf. v. 7 above).
  19. Leviticus 25:13 tn Heb “you [plural] shall return, a man.”
  20. Leviticus 25:14 tn Heb “sell a sale.”
  21. Leviticus 25:14 tn Or “to one of your countrymen” (NIV); NASB “to your friend.”
  22. Leviticus 25:14 tn The Hebrew infinitive absolute קָנֹה (qanoh, “buying”) substitutes for the finite verb here in sequence with the previous finite verb “sell” at the beginning of the verse (see GKC 345 §113.z).
  23. Leviticus 25:14 tn Heb “do not oppress a man his brother.” Here “brother” does not refer only to a sibling, but to a fellow Israelite.
  24. Leviticus 25:15 tn Heb “in the number of years after.”
  25. Leviticus 25:15 tn The words “that are left” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied.sn The purchaser is actually buying only the crops that the land will produce until the next Jubilee, since the land will revert to the original owner at that time. The purchaser, therefore, is not actually buying the land itself.
  26. Leviticus 25:16 tn Heb “To the mouth of the many years.”
  27. Leviticus 25:16 tn Heb “to the mouth of the few years.”
  28. Leviticus 25:16 tn Heb “a number of produce”; the words “years of” are implied. As an alternative this could be translated “a number of harvests” (cf. NRSV, NLT).
  29. Leviticus 25:17 tn Heb “And you shall not oppress a man his fellow citizen.”
  30. Leviticus 25:18 tn Heb “And you shall keep and do them.” This appears to be a kind of verbal hendiadys, where the first verb is a modifier of the action of the second verb (see GKC 386 §120.d, although שָׁמַר [shamar, “to keep”] is not cited there; cf. Lev 20:8, etc.).
  31. Leviticus 25:18 tn Heb “and you shall dwell on the land to security.”
  32. Leviticus 25:19 tn Heb “eat to satisfaction”; KJV, ASV “ye shall eat your fill.”
  33. Leviticus 25:21 tn Heb “and it [i.e., the land] shall make the produce.” The Hebrew term וְעָשָׂת (veʿasat, “and it shall make”) is probably an older third feminine singular form of the verb (GKC 210 §75.m). Smr has the normal form.
  34. Leviticus 25:21 tn Smr and LXX have “its produce” (cf. 25:3, 7, etc.) rather than “the produce.”
  35. Leviticus 25:22 tn Heb “the produce,” referring to “the produce” of the sixth year of v. 21. The words “sixth year” are supplied for clarity.
  36. Leviticus 25:22 tn Heb “until the ninth year, until bringing [in] its produce.”
  37. Leviticus 25:23 tn The term rendered “without reclaim” means that the land has been bought for the full price and is, therefore, not subject to reclaim under any circumstances. This was not to be done with land in ancient Israel (contrast the final full sale of houses in v. 30; see the evidence cited in B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 174).
  38. Leviticus 25:23 tn The Hebrew terms ger (גֵּר; “resident foreigner”) and toshav (תּוֹשָׁב; “resident/dweller”) have similar meaning. The toshav was less integrated into Israelite society, had less rights, and had not fully committed to the religion of Israel. But in this context the terms are used simply to emphasize that Israel would be a guest on God’s land. They were attached to the Lord’s household. They did not own the land.sn Abraham refers to himself by these terms in Gen 23:4. Ps 39:12 and 1 Chron 29:15 take up this language from Lev 25:23.
  39. Leviticus 25:24 tn Heb “And in all the land of your property.”
  40. Leviticus 25:24 tn Heb “right of redemption you shall give to the land”; NAB “you must permit the land to be redeemed.”
  41. Leviticus 25:25 tn Heb “the sale of his brother.”
  42. Leviticus 25:26 tn Heb “and his hand reaches.”
  43. Leviticus 25:26 tn Heb “and he finds as sufficiency of its redemption.”
  44. Leviticus 25:27 tn Heb “and he shall calculate its years of sale.”
  45. Leviticus 25:27 tn Heb “and return the excess.”
  46. Leviticus 25:28 tn Heb “And if his hand has not found sufficiency of returning.” Although some versions take this to mean that he has not made enough to regain the land (e.g., NASB, NRSV; see also B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 176), the combination of terms in Hebrew corresponds to the portion of v. 27 that refers specifically to refunding the money (cf. v. 27; see NIV and G. J. Wenham, Leviticus [NICOT], 315).
  47. Leviticus 25:28 tn Heb “his sale.”
  48. Leviticus 25:28 tn Heb “will be in the hand of.” This refers to the temporary control of the one who purchased its produce until the next Year of Jubilee, at which time it would revert to the original owner.
  49. Leviticus 25:28 tn Heb “it shall go out” (so KJV, ASV; see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 176).
  50. Leviticus 25:28 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the original owner of the land) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  51. Leviticus 25:29 tn Heb “a house of a residence of a walled city.”
  52. Leviticus 25:29 tn Heb “shall be.”
  53. Leviticus 25:29 tn Heb “of its sale.”
  54. Leviticus 25:29 tn Heb “days its right of redemption shall be” (see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 176).
  55. Leviticus 25:30 tn Heb “until fulfilling to it a complete year.’
  56. Leviticus 25:30 tn Heb “the house which [is] in the city which to it [is] a wall.” The Kethib has לֹא (loʾ, “no, not”) rather than לוֹ (lo, “to it”) which is the Qere.
  57. Leviticus 25:30 tn See the note on v. 23 above.
  58. Leviticus 25:31 tn Heb “And the houses of the villages.”
  59. Leviticus 25:31 tn Heb “which there is not to them a wall.”
  60. Leviticus 25:31 tn Heb “on the field.”
  61. Leviticus 25:32 tn Heb “And.”
  62. Leviticus 25:32 tn Heb “the houses of the cities of their property.”
  63. Leviticus 25:33 tn Heb “And which he shall redeem from the Levites shall go out, sale of house and city, his property in the Jubilee.” Although the end of this verse is clear, the first part is notoriously difficult. There are five main views. (1) The first clause of the verse actually attaches to the previous verse, and refers to the fact that their houses retain a perpetual right of redemption (v. 32b), “which any of the Levites may exercise” (v. 33a; J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 418, 421). (2) It refers to property that one Levite sells to another Levite, which is then redeemed by still another Levite (v. 33a). In such cases, the property reverts to the original Levite owner in the Jubilee Year (v. 33b; G. J. Wenham, Leviticus [NICOT], 321). (3) It refers to houses in a city that had come to be declared as a Levitical city but had original non-Levitical owners. Once the city was declared to belong to the Levites, however, an owner could only sell his house to a Levite, and he could only redeem it back from a Levite up until the time of the first Jubilee after the city was declared to be a Levitical city. In this case the first part of the verse would be translated, “Such property as may be redeemed from the Levites” (NRSV, NJPS). At the first Jubilee, however, all such houses became the property of the Levites (v. 33b; P. J. Budd, Leviticus [NCBC], 353). (4) It refers to property “which is appropriated from the Levites” (not “redeemed from the Levites,” v. 33a) by those who have bought it or taken it as security for debts owed to them by Levites who had fallen on bad times. Again, such property reverts back to the original Levite owners at the Jubilee (B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 177). (5) It simply refers to the fact that a Levite has the option of redeeming his house (i.e., the prefix form of the verb is taken to be subjunctive, “may or might redeem”), which he had to sell because he had fallen into debt or perhaps even become destitute. Even if he never gained the resources to do so, however, it would still revert to him in the Jubilee year. The present translation is intended to reflect this latter view.
  64. Leviticus 25:34 tn Heb “And.”
  65. Leviticus 25:34 sn This refers to the region of fields just outside and surrounding the city where cattle were kept and garden crops were grown (B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 177).
  66. Leviticus 25:35 tn It is not clear to whom this refers. It is probably broader than “sibling” (cf. NRSV “any of your kin”; NLT “any of your Israelite relatives”) but some English versions take it to mean “fellow Israelite” (so TEV; cf. NAB, NIV “countrymen”) and others are ambiguous (cf. CEV “any of your people”).
  67. Leviticus 25:35 tn Heb “and his hand slips with you.”
  68. Leviticus 25:35 tn Heb “strengthen”; NASB “sustain.”
  69. Leviticus 25:35 tn The form וָחַי (vakhay, “and shall live”) looks like the adjective “living,” but the MT form is simply the same verb written as a double ayin verb (see HALOT 309 s.v. חיה qal, and GKC 218 §76.i; cf. Lev 18:5).
  70. Leviticus 25:35 tn Heb “a foreigner and resident,” which is probably to be combined (see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 170-71). tn The Hebrew terms ger (גֵּר; “resident foreigner”) and toshav (תּוֹשָׁב; “resident/dweller”) have similar meaning. The toshav was less integrated into Israelite society, had less rights, and had not fully committed to the religion of Israel. Here the combination emphasizes the impoverished Israelites change in status. Note that the native born citizen and the resident foreigner (or naturalized citizen) were equal under the law (Exod 12:49; Lev 24:22; Num 9:14; 15:15, 16, 26, 29; 19:10; 35:15; Deut 1:16) or similar obligations (Exod 20:10; 23:12; Lev 16:29; 17:10, 12, 13; 18:26; 24:16; Num 15:14).
  71. Leviticus 25:36 tn The meaning of the terms rendered “interest” and “profit” is much debated (see the summaries in P. J. Budd, Leviticus [NCBC], 354-55 and B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 178). Verse 37, however, suggests that the first refers to a percentage of money and the second percentage of produce (see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 421).
  72. Leviticus 25:36 tn In form the Hebrew term וְחֵי (vekhey, “shall live”) is the construct plural noun (i.e., “the life of”), but here it is used as the finite verb (cf. v. 35 and GKC 218 §76.i).
  73. Leviticus 25:37 tn Heb “your money” and “your food.” With regard to “interest” and “profit” see the note on v. 36 above.
  74. Leviticus 25:38 tn Heb “to be to you for a God.”
  75. Leviticus 25:39 tn Heb “you shall not serve against him service of a slave.” A distinction is being made here between the status of slave and indentured servant.
  76. Leviticus 25:40 tn See the note on Lev 25:6 above.
  77. Leviticus 25:41 tn Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) can be considered to have adversative force here.
  78. Leviticus 25:41 tn Heb “may go out from you.”
  79. Leviticus 25:41 tn Heb “fathers.”
  80. Leviticus 25:42 tn Heb “they”; the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  81. Leviticus 25:42 tn Or perhaps reflexive Niphal rather than passive, “they shall not sell themselves [as in] a slave sale.”
  82. Leviticus 25:43 tn Heb “You shall not rule in him in violence”; cf. NASB “with severity”; NIV “ruthlessly.”
  83. Leviticus 25:44 tn Heb “And your male slave and your female slave.” Smr has these as plural terms, “slaves,” not singular.
  84. Leviticus 25:44 tn Heb “ from the nations which surround you, from them you shall buy male slave and female slave.”
  85. Leviticus 25:45 tn The word “slaves” is not in the Hebrew text, but is implied here.
  86. Leviticus 25:45 tn Heb “family which is” (i.e., singular rather than plural).
  87. Leviticus 25:46 tn Heb “and your brothers, the sons of Israel, a man in his brother you shall not rule in him in violence.”
  88. Leviticus 25:47 tn Heb “And if the hand of a foreigner and resident with you reaches” (cf. v. 26 for this idiom).
  89. Leviticus 25:47 tn Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) can be considered to have resultative force here.
  90. Leviticus 25:47 tn Heb “offshoot, descendant.”
  91. Leviticus 25:48 tn Heb “right of redemption shall be to him.”
  92. Leviticus 25:49 tn Heb “the son of his uncle.”
  93. Leviticus 25:49 tn Heb “or from the remainder of his flesh from his family.”
  94. Leviticus 25:49 tc The LXX, followed by the Syriac, actually has “if,” which is not in the MT.
  95. Leviticus 25:50 tn Heb “the years.”
  96. Leviticus 25:50 tn Heb “as days of a hired worker he shall be with him.” For this and the following verses see the explanation in P. J. Budd, Leviticus (NCBC), 358-59.
  97. Leviticus 25:51 tn Heb “to the mouth of them.”
  98. Leviticus 25:52 tn Heb “but if a little remains in the years.”
  99. Leviticus 25:53 tn Heb “be with him”; the referent (the one who bought him) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  100. Leviticus 25:53 tn Heb “As a hired worker year in year.”
  101. Leviticus 25:53 tn Heb “He”; the referent (the one who bought him) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  102. Leviticus 25:54 tn Heb “And if.”
  103. Leviticus 25:54 tn Heb “go out.”
  104. Leviticus 25:55 tn Heb “because to me the sons of Israel are servants.”
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Leviticus 25
New International Version

The Sabbath Year

25 The Lord said to Moses at Mount Sinai,(A) 2 “Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘When you enter the land I am going to give you, the land itself must observe a sabbath to the Lord. 3 For six years sow your fields, and for six years prune your vineyards and gather their crops.(B) 4 But in the seventh year the land is to have a year of sabbath rest,(C) a sabbath to the Lord. Do not sow your fields or prune your vineyards.(D) 5 Do not reap what grows of itself(E) or harvest the grapes(F) of your untended vines.(G) The land is to have a year of rest. 6 Whatever the land yields during the sabbath year(H) will be food for you—for yourself, your male and female servants, and the hired worker and temporary resident who live among you, 7 as well as for your livestock and the wild animals(I) in your land. Whatever the land produces may be eaten.

The Year of Jubilee(J)(K)

8 “‘Count off seven sabbath years—seven times seven years—so that the seven sabbath years amount to a period of forty-nine years. 9 Then have the trumpet(L) sounded everywhere on the tenth day of the seventh month;(M) on the Day of Atonement(N) sound the trumpet throughout your land. 10 Consecrate the fiftieth year and proclaim liberty(O) throughout the land to all its inhabitants. It shall be a jubilee(P) for you; each of you is to return to your family property(Q) and to your own clan. 11 The fiftieth year shall be a jubilee(R) for you; do not sow and do not reap what grows of itself or harvest the untended vines.(S) 12 For it is a jubilee and is to be holy for you; eat only what is taken directly from the fields.

13 “‘In this Year of Jubilee(T) everyone is to return to their own property.

14 “‘If you sell land to any of your own people or buy land from them, do not take advantage of each other.(U) 15 You are to buy from your own people on the basis of the number of years(V) since the Jubilee. And they are to sell to you on the basis of the number of years left for harvesting crops. 16 When the years are many, you are to increase the price, and when the years are few, you are to decrease the price,(W) because what is really being sold to you is the number of crops. 17 Do not take advantage of each other,(X) but fear your God.(Y) I am the Lord your God.(Z)

18 “‘Follow my decrees and be careful to obey my laws,(AA) and you will live safely in the land.(AB) 19 Then the land will yield its fruit,(AC) and you will eat your fill and live there in safety.(AD) 20 You may ask, “What will we eat in the seventh year(AE) if we do not plant or harvest our crops?” 21 I will send you such a blessing(AF) in the sixth year that the land will yield enough for three years.(AG) 22 While you plant during the eighth year, you will eat from the old crop and will continue to eat from it until the harvest of the ninth year comes in.(AH)

23 “‘The land(AI) must not be sold permanently, because the land is mine(AJ) and you reside in my land as foreigners(AK) and strangers. 24 Throughout the land that you hold as a possession, you must provide for the redemption(AL) of the land.

25 “‘If one of your fellow Israelites becomes poor and sells some of their property, their nearest relative(AM) is to come and redeem(AN) what they have sold. 26 If, however, there is no one to redeem it for them but later on they prosper(AO) and acquire sufficient means to redeem it themselves, 27 they are to determine the value for the years(AP) since they sold it and refund the balance to the one to whom they sold it; they can then go back to their own property.(AQ) 28 But if they do not acquire the means to repay, what was sold will remain in the possession of the buyer until the Year of Jubilee. It will be returned(AR) in the Jubilee, and they can then go back to their property.(AS)

29 “‘Anyone who sells a house in a walled city retains the right of redemption a full year after its sale. During that time the seller may redeem it. 30 If it is not redeemed before a full year has passed, the house in the walled city shall belong permanently to the buyer and the buyer’s descendants. It is not to be returned in the Jubilee. 31 But houses in villages without walls around them are to be considered as belonging to the open country. They can be redeemed, and they are to be returned in the Jubilee.

32 “‘The Levites always have the right to redeem their houses in the Levitical towns,(AT) which they possess. 33 So the property of the Levites is redeemable—that is, a house sold in any town they hold—and is to be returned in the Jubilee, because the houses in the towns of the Levites are their property among the Israelites. 34 But the pastureland belonging to their towns must not be sold; it is their permanent possession.(AU)

35 “‘If any of your fellow Israelites become poor(AV) and are unable to support themselves among you, help them(AW) as you would a foreigner and stranger, so they can continue to live among you. 36 Do not take interest(AX) or any profit from them, but fear your God,(AY) so that they may continue to live among you. 37 You must not lend them money at interest(AZ) or sell them food at a profit. 38 I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of Egypt to give you the land of Canaan(BA) and to be your God.(BB)

39 “‘If any of your fellow Israelites become poor and sell themselves to you, do not make them work as slaves.(BC) 40 They are to be treated as hired workers(BD) or temporary residents among you; they are to work for you until the Year of Jubilee. 41 Then they and their children are to be released, and they will go back to their own clans and to the property(BE) of their ancestors.(BF) 42 Because the Israelites are my servants, whom I brought out of Egypt,(BG) they must not be sold as slaves. 43 Do not rule over them ruthlessly,(BH) but fear your God.(BI)

44 “‘Your male and female slaves are to come from the nations around you; from them you may buy slaves. 45 You may also buy some of the temporary residents living among you and members of their clans born in your country, and they will become your property. 46 You can bequeath them to your children as inherited property and can make them slaves for life, but you must not rule over your fellow Israelites ruthlessly.

47 “‘If a foreigner residing among you becomes rich and any of your fellow Israelites become poor and sell themselves(BJ) to the foreigner or to a member of the foreigner’s clan, 48 they retain the right of redemption(BK) after they have sold themselves. One of their relatives(BL) may redeem them: 49 An uncle or a cousin or any blood relative in their clan may redeem them. Or if they prosper,(BM) they may redeem themselves. 50 They and their buyer are to count the time from the year they sold themselves up to the Year of Jubilee.(BN) The price for their release is to be based on the rate paid to a hired worker(BO) for that number of years. 51 If many years remain, they must pay for their redemption a larger share of the price paid for them. 52 If only a few years remain until the Year of Jubilee, they are to compute that and pay for their redemption accordingly.(BP) 53 They are to be treated as workers hired from year to year; you must see to it that those to whom they owe service do not rule over them ruthlessly.(BQ)

54 “‘Even if someone is not redeemed in any of these ways, they and their children are to be released in the Year of Jubilee, 55 for the Israelites belong to me as servants. They are my servants, whom I brought out of Egypt.(BR) I am the Lord your God.(BS)

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利未记 24
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