赎罪日的条例

16 亚伦的两个儿子死在耶和华面前以后, 耶和华对摩西说:“告诉你哥哥亚伦,他不可随意进入幔子里面的至圣所,走到约柜上的施恩座前,免得死亡,因为我要在施恩座之上的云彩中显现。 亚伦进入圣所时,要带一只作赎罪祭的公牛犊和一只作燔祭的公绵羊。 他要穿上圣洁的细麻内袍、细麻裤子,束上细麻腰带,戴上细麻礼冠。这些是圣洁的衣物,他必须沐浴后才可穿戴。 他要从以色列会众那里取两只公山羊作赎罪祭、一只公绵羊作燔祭。 亚伦要先献上那头公牛犊作赎罪祭,为自己和全家赎罪。 然后,他要把两只公山羊带到会幕门口,放在耶和华面前, 抽签决定哪只归耶和华、哪只归阿撒泻勒[a] 亚伦要献上那只归耶和华的公山羊作赎罪祭, 10 要将那只归阿撒泻勒的公山羊活着献给耶和华,然后把它放到旷野归阿撒泻勒,用来赎罪。

11 “亚伦要把那只为他作赎罪祭的公牛犊牵来宰杀,为自己和全家赎罪, 12 然后拿一个香炉,盛满从耶和华面前的祭坛上取的火炭,再拿两把磨细的香带进幔子里。 13 他要在耶和华面前烧香,使香的烟笼罩约柜上的施恩座,免得他死亡。 14 他要取一些牛血,用手指弹洒在施恩座的东面,也要在施恩座前用手指弹洒七次。 15 然后,亚伦要出去宰杀那只为民众作赎罪祭的公山羊,把羊血带进幔子里,像洒牛血一样洒在施恩座的上面和前面。 16 因以色列人的污秽、叛逆和罪恶,他要这样为至圣所赎罪。他也要同样为会幕赎罪,因为会幕座落在以色列人中间,处在他们的污秽中。 17 从他进入圣所为自己全家和以色列全体会众赎罪开始,直到他赎完罪出来为止,任何人都不可待在会幕里。 18 之后,他要来到耶和华面前的祭坛那里,为祭坛赎罪。他要取一些牛血和羊血,抹在祭坛的四角上, 19 用手指向祭坛洒血七次,除掉以色列人的污秽,使祭坛圣洁。

20 “他为至圣所、会幕和祭坛赎罪后,要牵来那只活山羊, 21 把双手放在羊头上,承认以色列人的过犯、叛逆和罪恶,将这一切罪归到公山羊的头上,然后派人把它送到旷野。 22 这只公山羊担当他们的一切罪,将这一切罪带到荒无人烟的地方。

23 “亚伦要走进会幕,脱下他进至圣所时穿的细麻衣服,放在会幕里。 24 他要在圣洁之处沐浴,穿上平时的衣服出去为自己和民众献燔祭,为自己和民众赎罪。 25 他要将赎罪祭牲的脂肪焚烧在坛上。 26 把羊送交阿撒泻勒的人要洗衣、沐浴,然后才可回到营里。 27 作赎罪祭的公牛和公山羊的血被带进圣所用来赎罪,要把公牛和公山羊带到营外,用火焚烧它们的皮、肉和粪。 28 负责焚烧的人要洗衣、沐浴,然后才可回到营里。

29 “每年七月十日,不论是你们,还是寄居在你们中间的外族人,都要禁食,停止所有工作。这是你们要永远遵守的律例。 30 因为在这一天要为你们赎罪,使你们在耶和华面前洁净。 31 这天是你们的安息日,你们要禁食。这是一条永远不变的律例。 32 那受膏、承受圣职、替代父亲做大祭司的要献祭赎罪。他要穿上圣洁的细麻衣, 33 为至圣所、会幕和祭坛赎罪,也要为祭司和全体会众赎罪。 34 这是你们要永远遵守的律例——每年一次为以色列人赎罪。”

于是,摩西遵行了耶和华的吩咐。

Footnotes

  1. 16:8 阿撒泻勒”是希伯来文的音译,意义不确定。

Rules about the Day of Atonement

16 The Lord spoke to Moses after the two sons of Aaron died. The gift that they gave to the Lord was not holy. So they died. The Most Holy Place in the Tent of Meeting is behind the curtain. The Lord said to Moses, ‘Your brother Aaron cannot go behind the curtain at any time that he wants to. Tell him that. The Lord appears in a cloud over the lid of the Covenant Box. So Aaron will die if he does not obey the Lord.

This is how Aaron must go into the Most Holy Place. He must bring a young bull for a sin offering. He must also bring a male sheep for a burnt offering. He must wash his body before he puts on his special clothes. He must wear his linen robe and linen clothes next to his body. They are holy. He must tie a linen belt round his body. He must put the linen hat on his head. These clothes are holy. He must take two male goats for a sin offering. And he must take a male sheep for a burnt offering. They are a gift from Israel's people.

Aaron must offer the bull as an atonement to the Lord for himself, his family and his servants. He must take the two goats to the door of the Tent of Meeting. They are a gift to the Lord. He must use the special stones.[a] They will help him to decide what he should do. He must decide which goat is for the Lord. And he must decide which goat he must send away. Aaron must take the goat that is for the Lord. And he must kill it. It is a sin offering. 10 He must not kill the other goat. It is an atonement to the Lord. It will pay for the bad things that the people have done. It is to take away the people's punishment. He must send it away into the desert.’

11 ‘Aaron must bring the bull and he must kill it. It is his atonement for his family's sins. 12 He must take a pot of the hot material. It is burning on the altar in front of the Lord. He must fill his two hands with incense. He must take the hot material and the incense behind the curtain. 13 He must put the incense on the burning material. It is in front of the Lord. The smoke will cover the lid of the Covenant Box. So he will not die. 14 He must take with him blood from the bull. He must use his finger to shake the blood. He must shake it onto the lid of the Covenant Box. He must shake the blood in front of the lid of the Covenant Box. He must shake it seven times with his finger.

15 Aaron must kill the goat for the sin offering. It is a gift from the people. He must take the blood behind the curtain. He must shake the blood on the lid of the Covenant Box as he did with the bull's blood. And he must shake the blood in front of the lid of the Covenant Box. 16 This will make atonement for all the sins of Israel's people. This will make the Holy Place clean. Aaron must do the same for the Tent of Meeting. That is because the people have done bad things in the camp. The Tent of meeting is in the middle of the camp. 17 Aaron must give the offerings to God. He must give them for his family and he must give them for his servants. He must give them for all the people. Nobody can go into the Tent of Meeting while Aaron is in the Most Holy Place. He must be alone when he goes in. And he must be alone until he comes out. He must be alone when he gives the offerings to God. Those offerings make atonement for himself, for his family and for all Israel's people.

18 He must go to the altar that is in front of the Lord. He must make atonement for it. He must take blood from the bull and blood from the goat. He must put the blood on the horns of the altar. 19 He must shake blood on the altar seven times to make it clean.

A goat will carry away all the bad things that the people have done

20 Aaron must first atone for the Most Holy Place, the Tent of meeting and the altar. Then he must bring the goat that is alive. 21 He must put his hands on the goat's head. He must speak aloud all the bad things that Israel's people have done. Then all the bad things will be on the goat's head. Aaron must tell a man that he must send the goat away into the desert. 22 The goat will carry all the sins of the people into the desert. The man must send it away into the desert.

23 Aaron must go into the Tent of Meeting. He must take off his special linen clothes. The holy clothes must stay in the Tent of Meeting. 24 He must wash his body in a holy place. He must put on his own clothes. He must leave the holy place. Then he must sacrifice the burnt offerings. They will make atonement for himself and for the people. 25 And he must also burn the fat from the sin offering on the altar.

26 The person who sent the goat away must wash his clothes and his body. He can return to the camp. 27 Aaron had killed a bull and a goat. He took their blood into the Most Holy Place to make atonement. Someone must carry their dead bodies outside the camp. He must burn them. That man must burn the skin, the meat and the inside parts. 28 The man who burnt the animals must wash his clothes and his body. Then he can return to the camp.

29 On the tenth day of the seventh month, Israel's people must not eat any food. This is a rule that you must obey for all time. The people who are travelling with them must not eat any food. None of them must do any work. 30 This day will make them clean from all their sins. The Lord will see them as clean people. This will be the Day of Atonement. 31 It is a day when you do not eat any food. It is a day of rest. This is a rule from God and you must do this every year. 32 The leader of the priests is a chosen son of Aaron. And he must make atonement. He will put on the special linen clothes that are holy. He will bring the people's offerings. 33 He will make atonement for the Most Holy Place. He will make atonement for the Tent of Meeting. He will make atonement for the altar. He will make atonement for the priests and for all the people.

34 He will make atonement for all the Israelites' sins once every year. This rule is for now and for all time.’

The people did everything in the way that the Lord had commanded Moses.

Footnotes

  1. 16:8 The special stones were called Urim and Thummim. See Deuteronomy 33:8.

The Day of Atonement(A)

16 The Lord spoke to Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron who died when they approached the Lord.(B) The Lord said to Moses: “Tell your brother Aaron that he is not to come whenever he chooses(C) into the Most Holy Place(D) behind the curtain(E) in front of the atonement cover(F) on the ark, or else he will die. For I will appear(G) in the cloud(H) over the atonement cover.

“This is how Aaron is to enter the Most Holy Place:(I) He must first bring a young bull(J) for a sin offering[a] and a ram for a burnt offering.(K) He is to put on the sacred linen tunic,(L) with linen undergarments next to his body; he is to tie the linen sash around him and put on the linen turban.(M) These are sacred garments;(N) so he must bathe himself with water(O) before he puts them on.(P) From the Israelite community(Q) he is to take two male goats(R) for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering.

“Aaron is to offer the bull for his own sin offering to make atonement for himself and his household.(S) Then he is to take the two goats and present them before the Lord at the entrance to the tent of meeting. He is to cast lots(T) for the two goats—one lot for the Lord and the other for the scapegoat.[b](U) Aaron shall bring the goat whose lot falls to the Lord and sacrifice it for a sin offering. 10 But the goat chosen by lot as the scapegoat shall be presented alive before the Lord to be used for making atonement(V) by sending it into the wilderness as a scapegoat.

11 “Aaron shall bring the bull for his own sin offering to make atonement for himself and his household,(W) and he is to slaughter the bull for his own sin offering. 12 He is to take a censer full of burning coals(X) from the altar before the Lord and two handfuls of finely ground fragrant incense(Y) and take them behind the curtain. 13 He is to put the incense on the fire before the Lord, and the smoke of the incense will conceal the atonement cover(Z) above the tablets of the covenant law, so that he will not die.(AA) 14 He is to take some of the bull’s blood(AB) and with his finger sprinkle it on the front of the atonement cover; then he shall sprinkle some of it with his finger seven times before the atonement cover.(AC)

15 “He shall then slaughter the goat for the sin offering for the people(AD) and take its blood behind the curtain(AE) and do with it as he did with the bull’s blood: He shall sprinkle(AF) it on the atonement cover and in front of it. 16 In this way he will make atonement(AG) for the Most Holy Place(AH) because of the uncleanness and rebellion of the Israelites, whatever their sins have been. He is to do the same for the tent of meeting,(AI) which is among them in the midst of their uncleanness. 17 No one is to be in the tent of meeting from the time Aaron goes in to make atonement in the Most Holy Place until he comes out, having made atonement for himself, his household and the whole community of Israel.

18 “Then he shall come out to the altar(AJ) that is before the Lord and make atonement for it. He shall take some of the bull’s blood and some of the goat’s blood and put it on all the horns of the altar.(AK) 19 He shall sprinkle some of the blood on it with his finger seven times to cleanse it and to consecrate it from the uncleanness of the Israelites.(AL)

20 “When Aaron has finished making atonement for the Most Holy Place, the tent of meeting and the altar, he shall bring forward the live goat.(AM) 21 He is to lay both hands on the head of the live goat(AN) and confess(AO) over it all the wickedness and rebellion of the Israelites—all their sins—and put them on the goat’s head. He shall send the goat away into the wilderness in the care of someone appointed for the task. 22 The goat will carry on itself all their sins(AP) to a remote place; and the man shall release it in the wilderness.

23 “Then Aaron is to go into the tent of meeting and take off the linen garments(AQ) he put on before he entered the Most Holy Place, and he is to leave them there.(AR) 24 He shall bathe himself with water in the sanctuary area(AS) and put on his regular garments.(AT) Then he shall come out and sacrifice the burnt offering for himself and the burnt offering for the people,(AU) to make atonement for himself and for the people.(AV) 25 He shall also burn the fat of the sin offering on the altar.

26 “The man who releases the goat as a scapegoat(AW) must wash his clothes(AX) and bathe himself with water;(AY) afterward he may come into the camp. 27 The bull and the goat for the sin offerings, whose blood was brought into the Most Holy Place to make atonement, must be taken outside the camp;(AZ) their hides, flesh and intestines are to be burned up. 28 The man who burns them must wash his clothes and bathe himself with water; afterward he may come into the camp.(BA)

29 “This is to be a lasting ordinance(BB) for you: On the tenth day of the seventh month(BC) you must deny yourselves[c](BD) and not do any work(BE)—whether native-born(BF) or a foreigner residing among you— 30 because on this day atonement will be made(BG) for you, to cleanse you. Then, before the Lord, you will be clean from all your sins.(BH) 31 It is a day of sabbath rest, and you must deny yourselves;(BI) it is a lasting ordinance.(BJ) 32 The priest who is anointed and ordained(BK) to succeed his father as high priest is to make atonement. He is to put on the sacred linen garments(BL) 33 and make atonement for the Most Holy Place, for the tent of meeting and the altar, and for the priests and all the members of the community.(BM)

34 “This is to be a lasting ordinance(BN) for you: Atonement is to be made once a year(BO) for all the sins of the Israelites.”

And it was done, as the Lord commanded Moses.

Footnotes

  1. Leviticus 16:3 Or purification offering; here and throughout this chapter
  2. Leviticus 16:8 The meaning of the Hebrew for this word is uncertain; also in verses 10 and 26.
  3. Leviticus 16:29 Or must fast; also in verse 31

Leyes para la expiación de pecados(A)

16 El Señor le habló a Moisés después de la muerte de los dos hijos de Aarón, quienes murieron al acercarse imprudentemente al Señor. Le dijo el Señor a Moisés: «Dile a tu hermano Aarón que no entre a cualquier hora en la parte del santuario que está detrás de la cortina, es decir, delante del propiciatorio que está sobre el arca, no sea que muera cuando yo aparezca en la nube por encima del propiciatorio.

»Aarón deberá entrar en el santuario con un novillo para el sacrificio expiatorio y un carnero para el holocausto. Se pondrá la túnica sagrada de lino y la ropa interior de lino. Se ceñirá con la faja de lino y se pondrá la tiara de lino. Estas son las vestiduras sagradas que se pondrá después de haberse bañado con agua.

»De la comunidad de los israelitas, Aarón tomará dos machos cabríos para el sacrificio expiatorio y un carnero para el holocausto. Después de que haya ofrecido el novillo del sacrificio expiatorio como propiciación por él y por su familia, tomará los dos machos cabríos y los presentará ante el Señor, a la entrada de la Tienda de reunión. Entonces Aarón echará suertes sobre los dos machos cabríos, uno para el Señor y otro para soltarlo en el desierto.[a] Aarón ofrecerá como sacrificio expiatorio el macho cabrío que le tocó al Señor, 10 pero presentará vivo ante el Señor, como propiciación, el macho cabrío que soltará en el desierto; es decir, lo enviará a Azazel.

11 »Aarón presentará el novillo para su propio sacrificio expiatorio, y hará propiciación por él y por su familia. Degollará el novillo para su propio sacrificio expiatorio; 12 luego tomará del altar que está ante el Señor un incensario lleno de brasas, junto con dos puñados llenos de incienso aromático en polvo, y los llevará tras la cortina; 13 colocará entonces el incienso sobre el fuego, en presencia del Señor, para que la nube de incienso cubra el propiciatorio que está sobre el arca del pacto. De esa manera, Aarón no morirá. 14 Después tomará un poco de la sangre del novillo y la rociará con su dedo al costado oriental del propiciatorio; la rociará delante del propiciatorio siete veces.

15 »Luego degollará el macho cabrío del sacrificio expiatorio en favor del pueblo. Llevará su sangre detrás de la cortina, y hará con esa sangre lo mismo que hizo con la del novillo: la rociará sobre y delante del propiciatorio. 16 Así hará propiciación por el santuario para purificarlo de las impurezas y transgresiones de los israelitas, cualesquiera que hayan sido sus pecados. Hará lo mismo por la Tienda de reunión, que está entre ellos en medio de sus impurezas. 17 Nadie deberá estar en la Tienda de reunión desde el momento en que Aarón entre para hacer propiciación en el santuario hasta que salga, es decir, mientras esté haciendo propiciación por sí mismo, por su familia y por toda la asamblea de Israel.

18 »Aarón saldrá luego para hacer propiciación por el altar que está delante del Señor. Tomará sangre del novillo y del macho cabrío, y la untará sobre cada uno de los cuernos del altar, 19 y con el dedo rociará con sangre el altar siete veces. Así lo santificará y lo purificará de las impurezas de los israelitas.

20 »Cuando Aarón haya terminado de hacer propiciación por el santuario, la Tienda de reunión y el altar, presentará el macho cabrío vivo, 21 y le impondrá las manos sobre la cabeza. Confesará entonces todas las iniquidades y transgresiones de los israelitas, cualesquiera que hayan sido sus pecados. Así el macho cabrío cargará con ellos, y será enviado al desierto por medio de un hombre designado para esto. 22 El hombre soltará en el desierto al macho cabrío, y este se llevará a tierra árida todas las iniquidades.

23 »Entonces Aarón entrará en la Tienda de reunión, se quitará los vestidos de lino que se puso antes de entrar en el santuario, y allí los dejará. 24 Se bañará con agua en un lugar santo y se volverá a vestir. Después saldrá y ofrecerá su propio holocausto y el del pueblo. Así hará propiciación por sí mismo y por el pueblo. 25 Además, quemará sobre el altar la grasa del sacrificio expiatorio.

26 »El encargado de soltar el macho cabrío en el desierto deberá lavarse la ropa y bañarse con agua. Solo después de hacer esto podrá volver al campamento.

27 »El novillo del sacrificio expiatorio y el macho cabrío del sacrificio expiatorio, cuya sangre se llevó para hacer propiciación por el santuario, se sacarán del campamento, y la piel, la carne y el excremento se quemarán. 28 El que les prenda fuego deberá lavarse la ropa y bañarse. Solo después de hacer esto podrá volver al campamento.

29 »Este será para vosotros un estatuto perpetuo, tanto para el nativo como para el extranjero: El día diez del mes séptimo ayunaréis y no realizaréis ningún tipo de trabajo. 30 En dicho día se hará propiciación por vosotros para purificaros, y delante del Señor seréis purificados de todos vuestros pecados. 31 Será para vosotros un día de completo reposo, en el cual ayunaréis. Es un estatuto perpetuo.

32 »La propiciación la realizará el sacerdote que haya sido ungido y ordenado como sucesor de su padre. Se pondrá las vestiduras sagradas de lino, 33 y hará propiciación por el lugar santísimo, por la Tienda de reunión y por el altar. También hará propiciación por los sacerdotes y por toda la comunidad allí reunida.

34 »Este os será un estatuto perpetuo: Una vez al año se deberá hacer propiciación por todos los israelitas a causa de todos sus pecados».

Y se hizo tal como el Señor se lo había mandado a Moisés.

Footnotes

  1. 16:8 para soltarlo en el desierto. Lit. para Azazel (puede significar el demonio que habita en el desierto); también en v. 26.