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多种皮肤病之条例

13 耶和华对摩西和亚伦说: “如果有人在皮肉上生了瘤,或癣,或火斑,后来皮肉变成了大痲风病症(本章病名多不能确定它们的学名。传统翻译作“痲风”的希伯来字,本章用来形容不同的皮肤病症),就要把他带到一个作祭司的亚伦子孙那里。 祭司要察看皮肉上的病症;如果患处的毛已经变白(“变白”或译:“较其他皮肉色泽显然为深”),病症的现象又深透皮下的肉,就是大痲风病症,祭司发现这样,就要宣布他为不洁净。 火斑若是在他的皮肉上发白,但没有深透皮肤的现象,上面的毛也没有变白,祭司就要把患者隔离七天。 到了第七天,祭司要察看他,如果看见病情止住了,皮上的患处没有蔓延,祭司还要把他再隔离七天。 到了第七天,祭司要再察看他;如果看见患处色泽变淡,也没有在皮上蔓延,祭司就要宣布他为洁净,这不过是癣;他洗净衣服,就得洁净了。 但是祭司察看,宣布他洁净以后,癣若是在皮上蔓延,他就要再次给祭司察看。 祭司要察看他;如果发现癣在皮上蔓延了,祭司就要宣布他为不洁净;这是大痲风。

“如果有人感染到大痲风,就要带他到祭司那里。 10 祭司要察看,如果发现皮上有白色浮肿,毛已经变白,患处的肉红肿, 11 这就是皮肉上的潜伏性痲风病发作,祭司要宣布他为不洁净;不必隔离观察,因为他已经不洁净。 12 如果祭司认为痲风病已在皮上蔓延,从头到脚遮满了患病者全身的皮, 13 那么祭司就要察看;如果看见痲风布满了他的全身,祭司就要宣布那患病者为洁净;因为全身变白,就算是洁净。 14 但他身上甚么时候出现红肿的肉,他就成为不洁净。 15 祭司发现那红肿的肉,就要宣布他为不洁净;红肿的肉原来是不洁净的,是痲风病。 16 但红肿的肉若是再复原,又变成白,他就要到祭司那里, 17 祭司要察看;如果看见患处变白了,祭司就要宣布那患病者为洁净的;他就洁净了。

18 “人若是在皮肉上生了疮,已经医好了; 19 但在长疮之处又起了白色浮肿,或是白中带红的火斑,他就要给祭司察看。 20 祭司要察看;如果发现有深透皮肤的现象,上面的毛也变白了,祭司就要宣布他为不洁净;这就是在疮中发作出来的痲风病。 21 但如果祭司察看病情,看见上面没有白毛,也没有深透皮肤,只是发暗而已,祭司就要把他隔离七天; 22 如果在皮肤上蔓延,祭司就要宣布他为不洁净;这就是痲风病。 23 火斑若是在原处止住,没有蔓延,就是疮的疤痕,祭司就要宣布他为洁净。

24 “如果人的皮肉发炎,发炎红肿的肉成了火斑,白中带红,或是纯白, 25 祭司就要察看病情;如果发现火斑中的毛变白了,又有深透皮肤的现象,这就是从发炎发作出来的痲风病。祭司就要宣布他为不洁净;这是痲风病。 26 但如果祭司察看病情,看见火斑中没有白毛,也没有深透皮肤,只是发暗而已,祭司就要把他隔离七天。 27 到了第七天,祭司要察看;火斑若是在皮上蔓延,祭司就要宣布他为不洁净,这是痲风病。 28 火斑若是在原处止住,没有在皮上蔓延,只是发暗而已,这是发炎肿瘤,祭司就要宣布他为洁净,因为这只是发炎的疤痕。

29 “无论男女,如果在头上或是胡须上受到感染, 30 祭司要察看那病;如果发现有深透皮肤的现象,而且还有黄色细毛,祭司就要宣布他为不洁净,这是癞痢,是头上或是胡须上的痲风病。 31 祭司察看癞痢的患处;如果看见没有深透皮肤的现象,那里也没有黑毛,祭司就要把那患癞痢的人隔离七天。 32 到了第七天,祭司要察看患处;如果看见癞痢没有蔓延,那里也没有黄毛,癞痢也没有深透皮肤的现象, 33 那人就要剃去须发,患癞痢的地方却不可剃;祭司要把那患癞痢的人再隔离七天。 34 到了第七天,祭司要再察看那癞痢;如果看见癞痢在皮上没有蔓延,也没有深透皮肤的现象,祭司就要宣布他为洁净;他洗净衣服,就洁净了。 35 但是他得洁净以后,癞痢若是在皮上蔓延, 36 祭司就要察看;如果发现癞痢在皮上蔓延,祭司不必找黄毛,他已经不洁净。 37 如果祭司认为,癞痢已经止住,那里也长了黑毛;癞痢已经痊愈,那人就洁净了,祭司要宣布他为洁净。

38 “无论男女,皮肉上若是起了斑点,白色的斑点, 39 祭司就要察看;如果发现斑点在皮肉上呈灰白色,这是皮肤出疹,那人是洁净的。

40 “人的头发若是掉下了,只不过是秃头,还是洁净的。 41 人的头顶上若是掉下了头发,只不过是秃额,他还是洁净的。 42 但是头顶秃处或是额前秃处,若有白中带红的病症,这就是痲风病,在他的头顶秃处或是额前处发作。 43 祭司就要察看,如果发现在他头顶秃处或是额前秃处,有白中带红的浮肿病症,像皮肉上痲风病的现象, 44 那人就是患了痲风病,就不洁净;祭司要宣布他为不洁净,那人头上染了痲风。

45 “身上患有痲风病的人,要撕裂自己的衣服,披头散发,遮盖上唇喊叫:‘不洁净!不洁净!’ 46 在他患病的日子里,他是不洁净的;他既然不洁净,就要独居,住在营外。

有关患痲风病人衣服之条例

47 “染了痲风病的衣服,无论是羊毛衣服或是麻布衣服; 48 不论是编结的或是纺织的;是麻布的或是羊毛的;是皮子或是皮子做成的任何物件; 49 病症若是在衣服或皮子、编结物或纺织物,或任何皮子做成的器具上发绿或发红,那就是发霉(“发霉”与“恶性皮肤病”是同一希伯来字)的现象,要给祭司察看。 50 祭司要察看那现象,把染了病症之物隔离七天。 51 到了第七天,祭司要察看那病症;如果那病症在衣服、编结物、纺织物、皮子,或是任何皮子做成的物件上蔓延,这就是顽恶的霉,那件物件就不洁净了。 52 染上病症的衣服,无论是编结的或是纺织的,是羊毛或是麻布,或任何皮子做的物件,都要烧掉。因为那是顽恶的霉,所以要用火烧掉。

53 “但如果祭司察看病症,在衣服、编结物、纺织物,或是皮子做的任何物件上,没有蔓延, 54 祭司就要吩咐人把它洗净,然后再隔离七天。 55 洗净以后,祭司要察看;如果看见那病症没有转变,虽然没有蔓延,那物件仍是不洁净;要用火把它烧掉,因为里外都腐蚀了。

56 “但如果祭司察看的时候,看见它洗净以后,色泽暗淡了,就要把那部分从衣服或是皮子、编结物或纺织物上撕下来。 57 如果病症再出现在剩下的衣服、编结物、纺织物或任何皮子做的物件上,那就是病症仍然发作,染了病症的物件,要用火烧掉。 58 如果病症离开了,经过洗净,剩下的衣服,无论编结的或是纺织的,或任何皮子做的物件,只要再洗一次,就洁净了。”

59 以上是与羊毛衣服或是麻布衣服、编结的或纺织的或任何皮子做的物件有关的发霉律例,可以断定洁净,或是不洁净。

有關痲瘋病的條例

13 耶和華對摩西和亞倫說:

「如果有人皮膚上長腫包、皮疹或白斑,出現痲瘋病[a]症狀,要將他帶到祭司亞倫或亞倫做祭司的子孫那裡。 祭司要檢查患處,如果患處凹陷,患處的毛髮變白,就是痲瘋病,要宣佈他是不潔淨的。 如果那人的患處有白斑,沒有凹陷,患處的毛髮也沒有變白,祭司要把他隔離七天。 第七天,祭司要再次檢查患處,如果患處沒有惡化,沒有擴散,祭司要把他再隔離七天。 第七天,祭司要再次檢查,如果患處顏色變淡,也沒有擴散,祭司要宣佈他是潔淨的。他患的不過是皮疹,他要洗淨衣物,便會潔淨。 如果祭司已查看並宣佈他是潔淨的,但皮疹又擴散,他必須再去見祭司。 祭司檢查時,如果發現皮疹已擴散,就要宣佈他是不潔淨的,患了痲瘋病。

「如果有人患痲瘋病,必須將他帶到祭司面前。 10 祭司檢查時,如果發現他皮膚上有白色腫包,毛髮變白,患處出現瘡口, 11 他就是患了慢性痲瘋病,祭司要宣佈他是不潔淨的。他無須被隔離,因他已經不潔淨。 12 如果他的痲瘋病已擴散,頭上腳上到處可見, 13 祭司就要檢查。如果發現痲瘋病已擴散到他全身,全身的皮膚變白,祭司就要宣佈他是潔淨的。 14 但如果他身上出現潰爛之處,他便不潔淨。 15 祭司看到他身上的潰爛之處,就要宣佈他是不潔淨的,因為那潰爛之處表明他患了痲瘋病。 16 如果潰爛之處痊癒並變白,他就要去見祭司。 17 祭司檢查時,若發現潰爛之處確已變白,就要宣佈他是潔淨的,他便潔淨了。

18 「如果有人身上長瘡,又痊癒了, 19 但原患處出現白色腫包或白裡帶紅的斑,他就要去讓祭司檢查。 20 祭司檢查時,若發現患處凹陷,患處的毛髮變白,就要宣佈他是不潔淨的。這是瘡變成了痲瘋病。 21 但祭司檢查時,若發現患處沒有白毛,沒有凹陷,肉色變淡,就要把他隔離七天。 22 隔離期間,若患處擴散,祭司要宣佈他是不潔淨的,是患了痲瘋病。 23 如果患處的斑原樣未變,沒有擴散,便是瘡疤,祭司要宣佈他是潔淨的。

24 「如果有人被火燒傷,患處變白或白中帶紅, 25 祭司要檢查他的患處。如果患處的毛髮變白,傷口凹陷,他的燒傷已變成痲瘋病,祭司要宣佈他是不潔淨的,因為他患了痲瘋病。 26 祭司檢查時,若發現患處沒有白毛,傷口沒有凹陷,顏色變淡,就要把他隔離七天。 27 第七天,祭司要再次檢查,若發現患處擴散,就要宣佈他是不潔淨的,因為他患了痲瘋病。 28 如果患處沒有擴散,顏色變淡,就是燒傷引起的腫包,祭司要宣佈他是潔淨的,因為那不過是燒傷的疤痕。

29 「如果有男女頭上或下巴長瘡, 30 祭司要檢查患處,若發現患處凹陷,上面有黃色細毛,就要宣佈那人是不潔淨的,因為那是疥癬,是痲瘋病。 31 祭司檢查時,若發現患處沒有凹陷,沒有黑毛,就要將那人隔離七天。 32 第七天,祭司要檢查患處,若發現疥癬沒有擴散,上面沒有黃毛,患處沒有凹陷, 33 那人要剃去頭髮和鬍鬚,但不可剃患處的毛髮。祭司要將他再隔離七天。 34 第七天,祭司要再次檢查,若發現疥癬沒有擴散,患處沒有凹陷,就要宣佈那人是潔淨的。那人要洗淨衣服,便潔淨了。 35 那人潔淨以後,疥癬若再次擴散, 36 祭司就要再次檢查。如果疥癬確已擴散,祭司不必再找黃毛,那人是不潔淨的。 37 如果祭司看到疥癬原樣未變,患處長出黑毛,那人就已經痊癒,是潔淨的。祭司要宣佈那人是潔淨的。

38 「如果有男女身上長白斑, 39 祭司要檢查患處,若發現斑呈灰白色,就是皮疹,那人是潔淨的。

40 「如果有人脫髮,成了禿頭,他是潔淨的。 41 如果有人前額脫髮,他只是前額光禿,仍是潔淨的。 42 如果在光禿的頭上或前額上長出白裡帶紅的瘡,那就是痲瘋病。 43 祭司要檢查患處,若發現瘡周圍腫脹,看起來像痲瘋病, 44 就是得了痲瘋病,那人是不潔淨的。祭司要宣佈那人是不潔淨的。

45 「患痲瘋病的人必須撕裂衣服,披頭散髮,遮住臉的下半部,高喊『不潔淨!不潔淨!』 46 只要病不痊癒,他就不潔淨,要獨自住在營外。

黴變衣物的條例

47 「如果衣物出現黴斑,不論是羊毛衣、細麻衣、 48 羊毛織品、細麻織品,還是皮革或皮革製品, 49 只要發現黴斑是綠色或紅色的,那就是黴變,要拿給祭司檢查。 50 祭司檢查後,要把那衣物隔離七天。 51 第七天,祭司要再次檢查,若發現衣物、編織品或皮革上的黴斑蔓延,那衣物就是不潔淨的。 52 不論那是衣服、羊毛或細麻織品,還是皮革製品,祭司都必須把它燒掉,因為那是黴變。必須燒掉黴變的衣物。 53 如果祭司發現衣服、編織品或皮革上的黴斑沒有蔓延, 54 就要吩咐人洗淨衣物,再隔離七天。 55 之後,祭司要再次檢查洗過的衣物,若發現黴斑原樣未變,即使沒有蔓延,那衣物也是不潔淨的。無論衣物裡面還是外面黴變,都必須把它燒掉。 56 如果祭司發現洗過後黴斑退色,就要把黴變的部分從衣服、皮革、編織品上撕下來。 57 以後衣物、編織品或皮革上若再次出現黴斑,便是舊患復發,要把它燒掉。 58 如果洗過衣服、編織品或皮革後,黴斑消失了,要再洗一次就潔淨了。

59 「羊毛衣、細麻衣、編織品或皮革製品出現黴變時,以上條例可用來鑒定這些衣物是否潔淨。」

Footnotes

  1. 13·2 痲瘋病」此處為傳統譯法,希伯來文的意思指包括痲瘋病在內的各種嚴重皮膚病。

The Law Concerning Leprosy

13 And the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying: “When a man has on the skin of his body a swelling, (A)a scab, or a bright spot, and it becomes on the skin of his body like a [a]leprous sore, (B)then he shall be brought to Aaron the priest or to one of his sons the priests. The priest shall examine the sore on the skin of the body; and if the hair on the sore has turned white, and the sore appears to be deeper than the skin of his body, it is a leprous sore. Then the priest shall examine him, and pronounce him [b]unclean. But if the bright spot is white on the skin of his body, and does not appear to be deeper than the skin, and its hair has not turned white, then the priest shall isolate the one who has the sore (C)seven days. And the priest shall examine him on the seventh day; and indeed if the sore appears to be as it was, and the sore has not spread on the skin, then the priest shall isolate him another seven days. Then the priest shall examine him again on the seventh day; and indeed if the sore has faded, and the sore has not spread on the skin, then the priest shall pronounce him clean; it is only a scab, and he (D)shall wash his clothes and be clean. But if the scab should at all spread over the skin, after he has been seen by the priest for his cleansing, he shall be seen by the priest again. And if the priest sees that the scab has indeed spread on the skin, then the priest shall pronounce him [c]unclean. It is leprosy.

“When the leprous sore is on a person, then he shall be brought to the priest. 10 (E)And the priest shall examine him; and indeed if the swelling on the skin is white, and it has turned the hair white, and there is a spot of raw flesh in the swelling, 11 it is an old leprosy on the skin of his body. The priest shall pronounce him [d]unclean, and shall not isolate him, for he is unclean.

12 “And if leprosy breaks out all over the skin, and the leprosy covers all the skin of the one who has the sore, from his head to his foot, wherever the priest looks, 13 then the priest shall consider; and indeed if the leprosy has covered all his body, he shall pronounce him clean who has the sore. It has all turned (F)white. He is clean. 14 But when raw flesh appears on him, he shall be unclean. 15 And the priest shall examine the raw flesh and pronounce him to be unclean; for the raw flesh is unclean. It is leprosy. 16 Or if the raw flesh changes and turns white again, he shall come to the priest. 17 And the priest shall examine him; and indeed if the sore has turned white, then the priest shall pronounce him clean who has the sore. He is clean.

18 “If the body develops a (G)boil in the skin, and it is healed, 19 and in the place of the boil there comes a white swelling or a bright spot, reddish-white, then it shall be shown to the priest; 20 and if, when the priest sees it, it indeed appears deeper than the skin, and its hair has turned white, the priest shall pronounce him unclean. It is a leprous sore which has broken out of the boil. 21 But if the priest examines it, and indeed there are no white hairs in it, and it is not deeper than the skin, but has faded, then the priest shall isolate him seven days; 22 and if it should at all spread over the skin, then the priest shall pronounce him unclean. It is a [e]leprous sore. 23 But if the bright spot stays in one place, and has not spread, it is the scar of the boil; and the priest shall pronounce him clean.

24 “Or if the body receives a (H)burn on its skin by fire, and the raw flesh of the burn becomes a bright spot, reddish-white or white, 25 then the priest shall examine it; and indeed if the hair of the bright spot has turned white, and it appears deeper than the skin, it is leprosy broken out in the burn. Therefore the priest shall pronounce him unclean. It is a leprous sore. 26 But if the priest examines it, and indeed there are no white hairs in the bright spot, and it is not deeper than the skin, but has faded, then the priest shall isolate him seven days. 27 And the priest shall examine him on the seventh day. If it has at all spread over the skin, then the priest shall pronounce him unclean. It is a leprous sore. 28 But if the bright spot stays in one place, and has not spread on the skin, but has faded, it is a swelling from the burn. The priest shall pronounce him clean, for it is the scar from the burn.

29 “If a man or woman has a sore on the head or the beard, 30 then the priest shall examine the sore; and indeed if it appears deeper than the skin, and there is in it thin yellow hair, then the priest shall pronounce him unclean. It is a scaly leprosy of the head or beard. 31 But if the priest examines the scaly sore, and indeed it does not appear deeper than the skin, and there is no black hair in it, then the priest shall isolate the one who has the scale seven days. 32 And on the seventh day the priest shall examine the sore; and indeed if the scale has not spread, and there is no yellow hair in it, and the scale does not appear deeper than the skin, 33 he shall shave himself, but the scale he shall not shave. And the priest shall isolate the one who has the scale another seven days. 34 On the seventh day the priest shall examine the scale; and indeed if the scale has not spread over the skin, and does not appear deeper than the skin, then the priest shall pronounce him clean. He shall wash his clothes and be clean. 35 But if the scale should at all spread over the skin after his cleansing, 36 then the priest shall examine him; and indeed if the scale has spread over the skin, the priest need not seek for yellow hair. He is unclean. 37 But if the scale appears to be at a standstill, and there is black hair grown up in it, the scale has healed. He is clean, and the priest shall pronounce him clean.

38 “If a man or a woman has bright spots on the skin of the body, specifically white bright spots, 39 then the priest shall look; and indeed if the bright spots on the skin of the body are dull white, it is a white spot that grows on the skin. He is clean.

40 “As for the man whose hair has fallen from his head, he is bald, but he is clean. 41 He whose hair has fallen from his forehead, he is bald on the forehead, but he is clean. 42 And if there is on the bald head or bald (I)forehead a reddish-white sore, it is leprosy breaking out on his bald head or his bald forehead. 43 Then the priest shall examine it; and indeed if the swelling of the sore is reddish-white on his bald head or on his bald forehead, as the appearance of leprosy on the skin of the body, 44 he is a leprous man. He is unclean. The priest shall surely pronounce him [f]unclean; his sore is on his (J)head.

45 “Now the leper on whom the sore is, his clothes shall be torn and his head (K)bare; and he shall (L)cover his mustache, and cry, (M)‘Unclean! Unclean!’ 46 He shall be unclean. All the days he has the sore he shall be unclean. He is unclean, and he shall [g]dwell alone; his dwelling shall be (N)outside the camp.

The Law Concerning Leprous Garments

47 “Also, if a garment has a [h]leprous plague in it, whether it is a woolen garment or a linen garment, 48 whether it is in the warp or woof of linen or wool, whether in leather or in anything made of leather, 49 and if the plague is greenish or reddish in the garment or in the leather, whether in the warp or in the woof, or in anything made of leather, it is a leprous [i]plague and shall be shown to the priest. 50 The priest shall examine the plague and isolate that which has the plague seven days. 51 And he shall examine the plague on the seventh day. If the plague has spread in the garment, either in the warp or in the woof, in the leather or in anything made of leather, the plague is (O)an active leprosy. It is unclean. 52 He shall therefore burn that garment in which is the plague, whether warp or woof, in wool or in linen, or anything of leather, for it is an active leprosy; the garment shall be burned in the fire.

53 “But if the priest examines it, and indeed the plague has not spread in the garment, either in the warp or in the woof, or in anything made of leather, 54 then the priest shall command that they wash the thing in which is the plague; and he shall isolate it another seven days. 55 Then the priest shall examine the plague after it has been washed; and indeed if the plague has not changed its color, though the plague has not spread, it is unclean, and you shall burn it in the fire; it continues eating away, whether the damage is outside or inside. 56 If the priest examines it, and indeed the plague has faded after washing it, then he shall tear it out of the garment, whether out of the warp or out of the woof, or out of the leather. 57 But if it appears again in the garment, either in the warp or in the woof, or in anything made of leather, it is a spreading plague; you shall burn with fire that in which is the plague. 58 And if you wash the garment, either warp or woof, or whatever is made of leather, if the plague has disappeared from it, then it shall be washed a second time, and shall be clean.

59 “This is the law of the leprous plague in a garment of wool or linen, either in the warp or woof, or in anything made of leather, to pronounce it clean or to pronounce it unclean.”

Footnotes

  1. Leviticus 13:2 Heb. saraath, disfiguring skin diseases, including leprosy, and so in vv. 2–46 and 14:2–32
  2. Leviticus 13:3 defiled
  3. Leviticus 13:8 defiled
  4. Leviticus 13:11 defiled
  5. Leviticus 13:22 infection
  6. Leviticus 13:44 altogether defiled
  7. Leviticus 13:46 live alone
  8. Leviticus 13:47 A mold, fungus, or similar infestation, and so in vv. 47–59
  9. Leviticus 13:49 mark