「如果有人當庭作證,卻不肯把自己所知所見的說出來,就是犯罪,要擔負罪責。 如果有人接觸了不潔淨之物,如野獸的屍體、家畜的屍體或爬蟲的屍體,即使無意也已不潔淨,是有罪的。 如果有人無意中接觸了別人的不潔之物,當他意識到後,就有罪了。 如果有人草率起誓,不論出於善意還是惡意,即使當初沒有察覺,後來才意識到,也是有罪的。 如果有人犯了以上任何一種罪,就必須認罪。 為了贖過,他必須獻給耶和華一隻母綿羊或母山羊作贖罪祭。祭司要為他贖罪。

「他若獻不起羊,就要獻給耶和華兩隻斑鳩或兩隻雛鴿,一隻作贖罪祭,一隻作燔祭。 他要把牠們帶到祭司那裡,祭司要先用一隻鳥獻贖罪祭,要扭斷鳥脖子,但不可扯掉頭。 要把一些鳥血灑在祭壇邊,剩下的血要倒在壇腳旁。這是贖罪祭。 10 祭司要依照獻燔祭的條例獻上另一隻鳥。這樣,祭司為他贖了罪,他就會得到赦免。

11 「他若獻不起兩隻斑鳩或雛鴿,就要獻一公斤細麵粉作贖罪祭。細麵粉中不可澆油或加乳香,因為這是贖罪祭。 12 他要把細麵粉帶到祭司那裡,祭司要從中取出一把作為象徵放在壇上,與獻給耶和華的火祭一起焚燒。這是贖罪祭。 13 這樣,祭司為他贖了罪,他就會得到赦免。剩下的細麵粉要歸祭司,像獻素祭一樣。」

獻贖過祭的條例

14 耶和華對摩西說: 15 「如果有人無意中違犯了耶和華聖物的條例,為了贖過,他要從羊群中選一隻毫無殘疾的公綿羊獻給耶和華,或按聖所的秤獻上同等價值的銀子。這是贖過祭。 16 他要賠償所造成的損失,並加賠五分之一,要把這些都交給祭司。祭司要為他獻上公綿羊作贖過祭,為他贖罪,他就會得到赦免。

17 「如果有人觸犯耶和華的誡命,即使他不知道,也是有罪的,必須擔當罪責。 18 他要從羊群中選一隻毫無殘疾的公綿羊,或把同等價值的銀子帶到祭司那裡作贖過祭。祭司要為他的無心之過贖罪,他就會得到赦免。 19 這是贖過祭,因為他在耶和華面前確實有罪。」

Unintentional sin

If you sin:

by not providing information after hearing a public solemn pledge even though you are a witness, knowing something, or having seen something so that you become liable to punishment;

or by touching some unclean thing—the dead body of an unclean wild animal, unclean livestock, or unclean swarming creature—but the fact goes unknown so that you become unclean and guilty of sin;

or by touching human uncleanness—any uncleanness that makes one unclean—and the fact goes unknown, but you later learn of it and become guilty of sin;

or by carelessly swearing to do something, whether bad or good—whatever one might swear carelessly—and the fact goes unknown, but you later learn of it and become guilty of sin concerning one of these things—

at that point, when you have become guilty of sin in one of these ways, you must confess how you have sinned and bring to the Lord as compensation for the sin that was committed a female from the flock, either a sheep or goat, as a purification offering. The priest will then make reconciliation for you, to remove your sin.

Alternative offerings

If you can’t afford an animal from the flock, you can bring to the Lord as compensation for your sin two doves or two pigeons, one as a purification offering and the other as an entirely burned offering. You will bring them to the priest, who will first present the one for the purification offering. He will pinch off its head at the back of its neck without splitting it. Then he will sprinkle some of the blood of the purification offering on the side of the altar. The rest of the blood will be drained out at the base of the altar. It is a purification offering. 10 Then, with the second bird, the priest will perform an entirely burned offering according to the regulation. In this way, the priest will make reconciliation for you because of the sin you committed, and you will be forgiven.

11 If you cannot afford two doves or two pigeons, you can bring as the offering for your sin a tenth of an ephah[a] of choice flour as a purification offering. You must not put any oil on it, nor any frankincense, because it is a purification offering. 12 You will bring it to the priest, and the priest will take a handful from it—the token portion—and will burn it completely on the altar along with the food gifts for the Lord. It is a purification offering. 13 In this way, the priest will make reconciliation for you for whichever one of the sins you committed, and you will be forgiven. The rest of the offering will belong to the priest like the grain offering.

The compensation offering

14 The Lord said to Moses, 15 Whenever you commit wrongdoing, unintentionally sinning against any of the Lord’s holy things, you must bring to the Lord as your compensation a flawless ram from the flock, its value calculated in silver shekels according to the sanctuary’s shekel, as a compensation offering. 16 You will make amends for the way you have sinned against the holy thing: you will add one-fifth to its value and give it to the priest. Then the priest will make reconciliation for you with the ram for the compensation offering, and you will be forgiven.

17 If you sin by breaking any of the Lord’s commands, but without realizing it, doing something that shouldn’t be done, and then become guilty and liable to punishment, 18 you must bring a flawless ram from the flock, at the standard value, as a compensation offering to the priest. The priest will make reconciliation for you for the unintentional fault that you committed, even though you didn’t realize it, and you will be forgiven. 19 It is a compensation offering. You have definitely become guilty before the Lord.

Footnotes

  1. Leviticus 5:11 Two quarts; one ephah is approximately twenty quarts dry.

And if a soul sin, and hear the voice of swearing, and is a witness, whether he hath seen or known of it; if he do not utter it, then he shall bear his iniquity.

Or if a soul touch any unclean thing, whether it be a carcase of an unclean beast, or a carcase of unclean cattle, or the carcase of unclean creeping things, and if it be hidden from him; he also shall be unclean, and guilty.

Or if he touch the uncleanness of man, whatsoever uncleanness it be that a man shall be defiled withal, and it be hid from him; when he knoweth of it, then he shall be guilty.

Or if a soul swear, pronouncing with his lips to do evil, or to do good, whatsoever it be that a man shall pronounce with an oath, and it be hid from him; when he knoweth of it, then he shall be guilty in one of these.

And it shall be, when he shall be guilty in one of these things, that he shall confess that he hath sinned in that thing:

And he shall bring his trespass offering unto the Lord for his sin which he hath sinned, a female from the flock, a lamb or a kid of the goats, for a sin offering; and the priest shall make an atonement for him concerning his sin.

And if he be not able to bring a lamb, then he shall bring for his trespass, which he hath committed, two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, unto the Lord; one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering.

And he shall bring them unto the priest, who shall offer that which is for the sin offering first, and wring off his head from his neck, but shall not divide it asunder:

And he shall sprinkle of the blood of the sin offering upon the side of the altar; and the rest of the blood shall be wrung out at the bottom of the altar: it is a sin offering.

10 And he shall offer the second for a burnt offering, according to the manner: and the priest shall make an atonement for him for his sin which he hath sinned, and it shall be forgiven him.

11 But if he be not able to bring two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, then he that sinned shall bring for his offering the tenth part of an ephah of fine flour for a sin offering; he shall put no oil upon it, neither shall he put any frankincense thereon: for it is a sin offering.

12 Then shall he bring it to the priest, and the priest shall take his handful of it, even a memorial thereof, and burn it on the altar, according to the offerings made by fire unto the Lord: it is a sin offering.

13 And the priest shall make an atonement for him as touching his sin that he hath sinned in one of these, and it shall be forgiven him: and the remnant shall be the priest's, as a meat offering.

14 And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying,

15 If a soul commit a trespass, and sin through ignorance, in the holy things of the Lord; then he shall bring for his trespass unto the Lord a ram without blemish out of the flocks, with thy estimation by shekels of silver, after the shekel of the sanctuary, for a trespass offering.

16 And he shall make amends for the harm that he hath done in the holy thing, and shall add the fifth part thereto, and give it unto the priest: and the priest shall make an atonement for him with the ram of the trespass offering, and it shall be forgiven him.

17 And if a soul sin, and commit any of these things which are forbidden to be done by the commandments of the Lord; though he wist it not, yet is he guilty, and shall bear his iniquity.

18 And he shall bring a ram without blemish out of the flock, with thy estimation, for a trespass offering, unto the priest: and the priest shall make an atonement for him concerning his ignorance wherein he erred and wist it not, and it shall be forgiven him.

19 It is a trespass offering: he hath certainly trespassed against the Lord.