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38 那时,犹大离开他弟兄下去,到一个亚杜兰人名叫希拉的家里去。 犹大在那里看见一个迦南人名叫书亚的女儿,就娶她为妻,与她同房。 她就怀孕,生了儿子,犹大给他起名叫 她又怀孕,生了儿子,母亲给他起名叫俄南 她复又生了儿子,给他起名叫示拉。她生示拉的时候,犹大正在基悉 犹大为长子娶妻,名叫她玛 犹大的长子在耶和华眼中看为恶,耶和华就叫他死了。 犹大俄南说:“你当与你哥哥的妻子同房,向她尽你为弟的本分,为你哥哥生子立后。” 俄南知道生子不归自己,所以同房的时候便遗在地,免得给他哥哥留后。 10 俄南所做的在耶和华眼中看为恶,耶和华也就叫他死了。 11 犹大心里说:“恐怕示拉也死,像他两个哥哥一样”,就对他儿妇她玛说:“你去,在你父亲家里守寡,等我儿子示拉长大。”她玛就回去,住在她父亲家里。

12 过了许久,犹大的妻子书亚的女儿死了。犹大得了安慰,就和他朋友亚杜兰希拉亭拿去,到他剪羊毛的人那里。 13 有人告诉她玛说:“你的公公上亭拿剪羊毛去了。” 14 她玛示拉已经长大,还没有娶她为妻,就脱了她做寡妇的衣裳,用帕子蒙着脸,又遮住身体,坐在亭拿路上的伊拿印城门口。 15 犹大看见她,以为是妓女,因为她蒙着脸。 16 犹大就转到她那里去,说:“来吧,让我与你同寝。”他原不知道是他的儿妇。她玛说:“你要与我同寝,把什么给我呢?” 17 犹大说:“我从羊群里取一只山羊羔,打发人送来给你。”她玛说:“在未送以先,你愿意给我一个当头吗?” 18 他说:“我给你什么当头呢?”她玛说:“你的印、你的带子和你手里的杖。”犹大就给了她,与她同寝,她就从犹大怀了孕。 19 她玛起来走了,除去帕子,仍旧穿上做寡妇的衣裳。 20 犹大托他朋友亚杜兰人送一只山羊羔去,要从那女人手里取回当头来,却找不着她, 21 就问那地方的人说:“伊拿印路旁的妓女在哪里?”他们说:“这里并没有妓女。” 22 他回去见犹大说:“我没有找着她,并且那地方的人说这里没有妓女。” 23 犹大说:“我把这山羊羔送去了,你竟找不着她。任凭她拿去吧,免得我们被羞辱。”

她玛孪生二子

24 约过了三个月,有人告诉犹大说:“你的儿妇她玛做了妓女,且因行淫有了身孕。”犹大说:“拉出她来,把她烧了!” 25 她玛被拉出来的时候,便打发人去见她公公,对他说:“这些东西是谁的,我就是从谁怀的孕。请你认一认这印和带子并杖都是谁的?” 26 犹大承认说:“她比我更有义,因为我没有将她给我的儿子示拉。”从此犹大不再与她同寝了。 27 她玛将要生产,不料她腹里是一对双生。 28 到生产的时候,一个孩子伸出一只手来,收生婆拿红线拴在他手上,说:“这是头生的。” 29 随后这孩子把手收回去,他哥哥生出来了。收生婆说:“你为什么抢着来呢?”因此给他起名叫法勒斯 30 后来他兄弟,那手上有红线的也生出来,就给他起名叫谢拉

Judah's family[a]

38 At that time, Judah left his brothers. He went to stay with a man from the town of Adullam. His name was Hirah. While he was there, Judah met the daughter of a Canaanite man called Shua. Judah married her and he had sex with her. She became pregnant, and she gave birth to a son. Judah gave him the name ‘Er’. His wife became pregnant again, and she gave birth to another son. She gave him the name ‘Onan’. Later, she gave birth to another son. She gave him the name ‘Shelah’. She gave birth to Shelah in Kezib.

Judah found a wife for his oldest son, Er. Her name was Tamar. But the Lord saw that Er, Judah's firstborn son, was very bad. So the Lord caused him to die. Then Judah said to Onan, ‘You should marry your dead brother's wife and have sex with her. You are her dead husband's brother. You must have a son who will become your dead brother's descendant.’[b]

But Onan did not want Tamar to give birth to his child. He knew that the child would not belong to him. So when he had sex with his brother's wife Tamar, he made his semen go onto the ground. Onan did this so that Tamar would not give birth to a child for his dead brother.

10 What Onan did was bad, and the Lord was not pleased with him. So the Lord caused Onan to die too. 11 Then Judah said to his son's widow, Tamar, ‘Go back to your father's house and live there as a widow. Stay there until my son Shelah grows older.’ Judah thought, ‘I do not want Shelah to die in the way that his brothers died.’ So Tamar went to live in her father's house.

12 After a long time, Judah's wife, the daughter of Shua, died. When Judah had stopped being sad because of her death, he left his home to travel. He went with his friend, Hirah the Adullamite, to a place called Timnah. He went to see the men who were cutting the wool from his sheep. 13 Someone told Tamar, ‘Your husband's father is going to Timnah to get the wool from his sheep.’

14 Tamar knew that Judah's son Shelah had now become a man. But Judah had not yet let Shelah marry her. So Tamar took off her widow's clothes and she put on other clothes. She covered her head with a veil. She did not want anyone to recognize her. Then she sat at the gate of Enaim. Enaim is a town on the road that goes to Timnah.

15 Judah saw her as she sat there. He thought that she was a prostitute, because she had covered her face. 16 He did not know that she was his son's widow. He went to her at the side of the road. He said, ‘Let me have sex with you.’ Tamar asked him, ‘If I have sex with you, what will you give me?’ 17 Judah replied, ‘I will take a young goat from my animals and I will give it to you.’ Tamar said, ‘Please give me something now to show me that you will really send the goat to me.’ 18 Judah asked her, ‘What should I give you?’ Tamar replied, ‘Give me your special ring and the string that holds it. And give me the stick that is in your hand.’[c] So Judah gave them to her. He had sex with her. As a result, she became pregnant.

19 After this, Tamar left there and she took off her veil. She put her widow's clothes on again.

20 Judah sent his friend Hirah, the Adullamite, to take a young goat back to where the woman had been. Judah wanted to get his special things back from the woman. But Hirah could not find the woman. 21 He asked some men who lived there, ‘Where is the temple prostitute who sat by the road at Enaim?’[d] But the men said, ‘There has not been any prostitute here.’

22 So Hirah went back to Judah, with the goat. He told him, ‘I did not find her. The men who lived there said, “There has not been any temple prostitute here.” ’ 23 So Judah said, ‘Let her keep the things that I gave to her. People will laugh at me if you go back there again. I sent this young goat for her, as I promised, but you could not find her.’

24 Three months later, someone told Judah, ‘Your dead son's wife, Tamar, has become a prostitute and now she is pregnant.’ Judah said, ‘Take her out of the town and burn her to death!’ 25 So they took Tamar away to kill her. But she sent a message to her dead husband's father. She said, ‘The man that these things belong to had sex with me. That is why I am pregnant. Look at these things carefully. Do you know who the ring, its string, and the stick belong to?’

26 Judah saw that the things belonged to him. He said, ‘She is more honest than I am. She has done this because I would not give her to my son, Shelah, as his wife.’ Judah did not have sex with Tamar again.

27 The time came for Tamar to give birth, and there were twins! 28 While she was giving birth, one baby put out his hand. The woman who was helping Tamar tied a red string to that baby's arm. She said, ‘This baby came out first.’ 29 But then the baby moved his hand back inside and his brother came out first. The woman said, ‘You have opened a way for yourself to come out!’ So they gave him the name ‘Perez’.[e] 30 Then his brother came out, with the red string on his arm. They gave him the name ‘Zerah’.

Footnotes

  1. 38:1 Judah lived among the Canaanites. He married a Canaanite woman. But God wanted the Israelites to keep themselves separate from foreign people.
  2. 38:8 In those days, there was a custom. If a man died before his wife had had children, his brother had to marry the dead man's wife. The family would think of a new son born to those parents as the child of the dead brother. So this son would receive any land belonging to the dead man.
  3. 38:18 The special ring and the stick would have Judah's mark on them. So other people would know who they belonged to.
  4. 38:21 A temple prostitute sat at a place where people worshipped foreign gods.
  5. 38:29 ‘Perez’ means ‘pushing out’.

Judah and Tamar

38 At that time, Judah(A) left his brothers and went down to stay with a man of Adullam(B) named Hirah.(C) There Judah met the daughter of a Canaanite man named Shua.(D) He married her and made love to her; she became pregnant and gave birth to a son, who was named Er.(E) She conceived again and gave birth to a son and named him Onan.(F) She gave birth to still another son and named him Shelah.(G) It was at Kezib that she gave birth to him.

Judah got a wife for Er, his firstborn, and her name was Tamar.(H) But Er, Judah’s firstborn, was wicked in the Lord’s sight;(I) so the Lord put him to death.(J)

Then Judah said to Onan, “Sleep with your brother’s wife and fulfill your duty to her as a brother-in-law to raise up offspring for your brother.”(K) But Onan knew that the child would not be his; so whenever he slept with his brother’s wife, he spilled his semen on the ground to keep from providing offspring for his brother. 10 What he did was wicked in the Lord’s sight; so the Lord put him to death also.(L)

11 Judah then said to his daughter-in-law(M) Tamar,(N) “Live as a widow in your father’s household(O) until my son Shelah(P) grows up.”(Q) For he thought, “He may die too, just like his brothers.” So Tamar went to live in her father’s household.

12 After a long time Judah’s wife, the daughter of Shua,(R) died. When Judah had recovered from his grief, he went up to Timnah,(S) to the men who were shearing his sheep,(T) and his friend Hirah the Adullamite(U) went with him.

13 When Tamar(V) was told, “Your father-in-law is on his way to Timnah to shear his sheep,”(W) 14 she took off her widow’s clothes,(X) covered herself with a veil(Y) to disguise herself, and then sat down(Z) at the entrance to Enaim, which is on the road to Timnah.(AA) For she saw that, though Shelah(AB) had now grown up, she had not been given to him as his wife.

15 When Judah saw her, he thought she was a prostitute,(AC) for she had covered her face. 16 Not realizing(AD) that she was his daughter-in-law,(AE) he went over to her by the roadside and said, “Come now, let me sleep with you.”(AF)

“And what will you give me to sleep with you?”(AG) she asked.

17 “I’ll send you a young goat(AH) from my flock,” he said.

“Will you give me something as a pledge(AI) until you send it?” she asked.

18 He said, “What pledge should I give you?”

“Your seal(AJ) and its cord, and the staff(AK) in your hand,” she answered. So he gave them to her and slept with her, and she became pregnant by him.(AL) 19 After she left, she took off her veil and put on her widow’s clothes(AM) again.

20 Meanwhile Judah sent the young goat by his friend the Adullamite(AN) in order to get his pledge(AO) back from the woman, but he did not find her. 21 He asked the men who lived there, “Where is the shrine prostitute(AP) who was beside the road at Enaim?”

“There hasn’t been any shrine prostitute here,” they said.

22 So he went back to Judah and said, “I didn’t find her. Besides, the men who lived there said, ‘There hasn’t been any shrine prostitute here.’”

23 Then Judah said, “Let her keep what she has,(AQ) or we will become a laughingstock.(AR) After all, I did send her this young goat, but you didn’t find her.”

24 About three months later Judah was told, “Your daughter-in-law Tamar is guilty of prostitution, and as a result she is now pregnant.”

Judah said, “Bring her out and have her burned to death!”(AS)

25 As she was being brought out, she sent a message to her father-in-law. “I am pregnant by the man who owns these,” she said. And she added, “See if you recognize whose seal and cord and staff these are.”(AT)

26 Judah recognized them and said, “She is more righteous than I,(AU) since I wouldn’t give her to my son Shelah.(AV)” And he did not sleep with her again.

27 When the time came for her to give birth, there were twin boys in her womb.(AW) 28 As she was giving birth, one of them put out his hand; so the midwife(AX) took a scarlet thread and tied it on his wrist(AY) and said, “This one came out first.” 29 But when he drew back his hand, his brother came out,(AZ) and she said, “So this is how you have broken out!” And he was named Perez.[a](BA) 30 Then his brother, who had the scarlet thread on his wrist,(BB) came out. And he was named Zerah.[b](BC)

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 38:29 Perez means breaking out.
  2. Genesis 38:30 Zerah can mean scarlet or brightness.

Judah and Tamar

38 It came to pass at that time that Judah departed from his brothers, and (A)visited a certain Adullamite whose name was Hirah. And Judah (B)saw there a daughter of a certain Canaanite whose name was (C)Shua, and he married her and went in to her. So she conceived and bore a son, and he called his name (D)Er. She conceived again and bore a son, and she called his name (E)Onan. And she conceived yet again and bore a son, and called his name (F)Shelah. He was at Chezib when she bore him.

Then Judah (G)took a wife for Er his firstborn, and her name was (H)Tamar. But (I)Er, Judah’s firstborn, was wicked in the sight of the Lord, (J)and the Lord killed him. And Judah said to Onan, “Go in to (K)your brother’s wife and marry her, and raise up an heir to your brother.” But Onan knew that the heir would not be (L)his; and it came to pass, when he went in to his brother’s wife, that he emitted on the ground, lest he should give an heir to his brother. 10 And the thing which he did [a]displeased the Lord; therefore He killed (M)him also.

11 Then Judah said to Tamar his daughter-in-law, (N)“Remain a widow in your father’s house till my son Shelah is grown.” For he said, “Lest he also die like his brothers.” And Tamar went and dwelt (O)in her father’s house.

12 Now in the process of time the daughter of Shua, Judah’s wife, died; and Judah (P)was comforted, and went up to his sheepshearers at Timnah, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite. 13 And it was told Tamar, saying, “Look, your father-in-law is going up (Q)to Timnah to shear his sheep.” 14 So she took off her widow’s garments, covered herself with a veil and wrapped herself, and (R)sat in an open place which was on the way to Timnah; for she saw (S)that Shelah was grown, and she was not given to him as a wife. 15 When Judah saw her, he thought she was a harlot, because she had covered her face. 16 Then he turned to her by the way, and said, “Please let me come in to you”; for he did not know that she was his daughter-in-law.

So she said, “What will you give me, that you may come in to me?”

17 And he said, (T)“I will send a young goat from the flock.”

So she said, (U)“Will you give me a pledge till you send it?

18 Then he said, “What pledge shall I give you?”

So she said, (V)“Your signet and cord, and your staff that is in your hand.” Then he gave them to her, and went in to her, and she conceived by him. 19 So she arose and went away, and (W)laid aside her veil and put on the garments of her widowhood.

20 And Judah sent the young goat by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive his pledge from the woman’s hand, but he did not find her. 21 Then he asked the men of that place, saying, “Where is the harlot who was [b]openly by the roadside?”

And they said, “There was no harlot in this place.

22 So he returned to Judah and said, “I cannot find her. Also, the men of the place said there was no harlot in this place.

23 Then Judah said, “Let her take them for herself, lest we be shamed; for I sent this young goat and you have not found her.”

24 And it came to pass, about three months after, that Judah was told, saying, “Tamar your daughter-in-law has (X)played the harlot; furthermore she is [c]with child by harlotry.”

So Judah said, “Bring her out (Y)and let her be burned!”

25 When she was brought out, she sent to her father-in-law, saying, “By the man to whom these belong, I am with child.” And she said, (Z)“Please determine whose these are—the signet and cord, and staff.”

26 So Judah (AA)acknowledged them and said, (AB)“She has been more righteous than I, because (AC)I did not give her to Shelah my son.” And he (AD)never knew her again.

27 Now it came to pass, at the time for giving birth, that behold, twins were in her womb. 28 And so it was, when she was giving birth, that the one put out his hand; and the midwife took a scarlet thread and bound it on his hand, saying, “This one came out first.” 29 Then it happened, as he drew back his hand, that his brother came out unexpectedly; and she said, “How did you break through? This breach be upon you!” Therefore his name was called (AE)Perez.[d] 30 Afterward his brother came out who had the scarlet thread on his hand. And his name was called (AF)Zerah.

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 38:10 Lit. was evil in the eyes of
  2. Genesis 38:21 in full view
  3. Genesis 38:24 pregnant
  4. Genesis 38:29 Lit. Breach or Breakthrough

38 And it came to pass at that time, that Judah went down from his brethren, and turned in to a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah.

And Judah saw there a daughter of a certain Canaanite, whose name was Shuah; and he took her, and went in unto her.

And she conceived, and bare a son; and he called his name Er.

And she conceived again, and bare a son; and she called his name Onan.

And she yet again conceived, and bare a son; and called his name Shelah: and he was at Chezib, when she bare him.

And Judah took a wife for Er his firstborn, whose name was Tamar.

And Er, Judah's firstborn, was wicked in the sight of the Lord; and the Lord slew him.

And Judah said unto Onan, Go in unto thy brother's wife, and marry her, and raise up seed to thy brother.

And Onan knew that the seed should not be his; and it came to pass, when he went in unto his brother's wife, that he spilled it on the ground, lest that he should give seed to his brother.

10 And the thing which he did displeased the Lord: wherefore he slew him also.

11 Then said Judah to Tamar his daughter in law, Remain a widow at thy father's house, till Shelah my son be grown: for he said, Lest peradventure he die also, as his brethren did. And Tamar went and dwelt in her father's house.

12 And in process of time the daughter of Shuah Judah's wife died; and Judah was comforted, and went up unto his sheepshearers to Timnath, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite.

13 And it was told Tamar, saying, Behold thy father in law goeth up to Timnath to shear his sheep.

14 And she put her widow's garments off from her, and covered her with a vail, and wrapped herself, and sat in an open place, which is by the way to Timnath; for she saw that Shelah was grown, and she was not given unto him to wife.

15 When Judah saw her, he thought her to be an harlot; because she had covered her face.

16 And he turned unto her by the way, and said, Go to, I pray thee, let me come in unto thee; (for he knew not that she was his daughter in law.) And she said, What wilt thou give me, that thou mayest come in unto me?

17 And he said, I will send thee a kid from the flock. And she said, Wilt thou give me a pledge, till thou send it?

18 And he said, What pledge shall I give thee? And she said, Thy signet, and thy bracelets, and thy staff that is in thine hand. And he gave it her, and came in unto her, and she conceived by him.

19 And she arose, and went away, and laid by her vail from her, and put on the garments of her widowhood.

20 And Judah sent the kid by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive his pledge from the woman's hand: but he found her not.

21 Then he asked the men of that place, saying, Where is the harlot, that was openly by the way side? And they said, There was no harlot in this place.

22 And he returned to Judah, and said, I cannot find her; and also the men of the place said, that there was no harlot in this place.

23 And Judah said, Let her take it to her, lest we be shamed: behold, I sent this kid, and thou hast not found her.

24 And it came to pass about three months after, that it was told Judah, saying, Tamar thy daughter in law hath played the harlot; and also, behold, she is with child by whoredom. And Judah said, Bring her forth, and let her be burnt.

25 When she was brought forth, she sent to her father in law, saying, By the man, whose these are, am I with child: and she said, Discern, I pray thee, whose are these, the signet, and bracelets, and staff.

26 And Judah acknowledged them, and said, She hath been more righteous than I; because that I gave her not to Shelah my son. And he knew her again no more.

27 And it came to pass in the time of her travail, that, behold, twins were in her womb.

28 And it came to pass, when she travailed, that the one put out his hand: and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying, This came out first.

29 And it came to pass, as he drew back his hand, that, behold, his brother came out: and she said, How hast thou broken forth? this breach be upon thee: therefore his name was called Pharez.

30 And afterward came out his brother, that had the scarlet thread upon his hand: and his name was called Zarah.