The Book of the Law Found^(A)

22 Josiah^(B) was eight years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem thirty-one years. His mother’s name was Jedidah daughter of Adaiah; she was from Bozkath.^{(C) 2} He did what was right^(D) in the eyes of the Lord and followed completely the ways of his father David, not turning aside to the right^(E) or to the left.

³ In the eighteenth year of his reign, King Josiah sent the secretary, Shaphan^(F) son of Azaliah, the son of Meshullam, to the temple of the Lord. He said: ⁴ “Go up to Hilkiah^(G) the high priest and have him get ready the money that has been brought into the temple of the Lord, which the doorkeepers have collected^(H) from the people. ⁵ Have them entrust it to the men appointed to supervise the work on the temple. And have these men pay the workers who repair^(I) the temple of the Lord— ⁶ the carpenters, the builders and the masons. Also have them purchase timber and dressed stone to repair the temple.^{(J) 7} But they need not account for the money entrusted to them, because they are honest in their dealings.”^(K)

⁸ Hilkiah the high priest said to Shaphan the secretary, “I have found the Book of the Law^(L) in the temple of the Lord.” He gave it to Shaphan, who read it. ⁹ Then Shaphan the secretary went to the king and reported to him: “Your officials have paid out the money that was in the temple of the Lord and have entrusted it to the workers and supervisors at the temple.” ¹⁰ Then Shaphan the secretary informed the king, “Hilkiah the priest has given me a book.” And Shaphan read from it in the presence of the king.^(M)

¹¹ When the king heard the words of the Book of the Law,^(N) he tore his robes. ¹² He gave these orders to Hilkiah the priest, Ahikam^(O) son of Shaphan, Akbor son of Micaiah, Shaphan the secretary and Asaiah the king’s attendant:^{(P) 13} “Go and inquire^(Q) of the Lord for me and for the people and for all Judah about what is written in this book that has been found. Great is the Lord’s anger^(R) that burns against us because those who have gone before us have not obeyed the words of this book; they have not acted in accordance with all that is written there concerning us.”

¹⁴ Hilkiah the priest, Ahikam, Akbor, Shaphan and Asaiah went to speak to the prophet^(S) Huldah, who was the wife of Shallum son of Tikvah, the son of Harhas, keeper of the wardrobe. She lived in Jerusalem, in the New Quarter.

¹⁵ She said to them, “This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: Tell the man who sent you to me, ¹⁶ ‘This is what the Lord says: I am going to bring disaster^(T) on this place and its people, according to everything written in the book^(U) the king of Judah has read. ¹⁷ Because they have forsaken^(V) me and burned incense to other gods and aroused my anger by all the idols their hands have made,^[a] my anger will burn against this place and will not be quenched.’ ¹⁸ Tell the king of Judah, who sent you to inquire^(W) of the Lord, ‘This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says concerning the words you heard: ¹⁹ Because your heart was responsive and you humbled^(X) yourself before the Lord when you heard what I have spoken against this place and its people—that they would become a curse^[b](Y) and be laid waste^(Z)—and because you tore your robes and wept in my presence, I also have heard you, declares the Lord. ²⁰ Therefore I will gather you to your ancestors, and you will be buried in peace.^(AA) Your eyes^(AB) will not see all the disaster I am going to bring on this place.’”

So they took her answer back to the king.

Josiah Renews the Covenant^{(AC)(AD)(AE)(AF)}

23 Then the king called together all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem. ² He went up to the temple of the Lord with the people of Judah, the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the priests and the prophets—all the people from the least to the greatest. He read^(AG) in their hearing all the words of the Book of the Covenant,^(AH) which had been found in the temple of the Lord. ³ The king stood by the pillar^(AI) and renewed the covenant^(AJ) in the presence of the Lord—to follow^(AK) the Lord and keep his commands, statutes and decrees with all his heart and all his soul, thus confirming the words of the covenant written in this book. Then all the people pledged themselves to the covenant.

⁴ The king ordered Hilkiah the high priest, the priests next in rank and the doorkeepers^(AL) to remove^(AM) from the temple of the Lord all the articles made for Baal and Asherah and all the starry hosts. He burned them outside Jerusalem in the fields of the Kidron Valley and took the ashes to Bethel. ⁵ He did away with the idolatrous priests appointed by the kings of Judah to burn incense on the high places of the towns of Judah and on those around Jerusalem—those who burned incense^(AN) to Baal, to the sun and moon, to the constellations and to all the starry hosts.^{(AO) 6} He took the Asherah pole from the temple of the Lord to the Kidron Valley^(AP) outside Jerusalem and burned it there. He ground it to powder^(AQ) and scattered the dust over the graves^(AR) of the common people.^{(AS) 7} He also tore down the quarters of the male shrine prostitutes^(AT) that were in the temple of the Lord, the quarters where women did weaving for Asherah.

⁸ Josiah brought all the priests from the towns of Judah and desecrated the high places, from Geba^(AU) to Beersheba, where the priests had burned incense. He broke down the gateway at the entrance of the Gate of Joshua, the city governor, which was on the left of the city gate. ⁹ Although the priests of the high places did not serve^(AV) at the altar of the Lord in Jerusalem, they ate unleavened bread with their fellow priests.

¹⁰ He desecrated Topheth,^(AW) which was in the Valley of Ben Hinnom,^(AX) so no one could use it to sacrifice their son^(AY) or daughter in the fire to Molek. ¹¹ He removed from the entrance to the temple of the Lord the horses that the kings of Judah^(AZ) had dedicated to the sun. They were in the court^[c] near the room of an official named Nathan-Melek. Josiah then burned the chariots dedicated to the sun.^(BA)

¹² He pulled down^(BB) the altars the kings of Judah had erected on the roof^(BC) near the upper room of Ahaz, and the altars Manasseh had built in the two courts^(BD) of the temple of the Lord. He removed them from there, smashed them to pieces and threw the rubble into the Kidron Valley.^{(BE) 13} The king also desecrated the high places that were east of Jerusalem on the south of the Hill of Corruption—the ones Solomon^(BF) king of Israel had built for Ashtoreth the vile goddess of the Sidonians, for Chemosh the vile god of Moab, and for Molek the detestable^(BG) god of the people of Ammon.^{(BH) 14} Josiah smashed^(BI) the sacred stones and cut down the Asherah poles and covered the sites with human bones.^(BJ)

¹⁵ Even the altar^(BK) at Bethel, the high place made by Jeroboam^(BL) son of Nebat, who had caused Israel to sin—even that altar and high place he demolished. He burned the high place and ground it to powder, and burned the Asherah pole also. ¹⁶ Then Josiah^(BM) looked around, and when he saw the tombs that were there on the hillside, he had the bones removed from them and burned on the altar to defile it, in accordance^(BN) with the word of the Lord proclaimed by the man of God who foretold these things.

¹⁷ The king asked, “What is that tombstone I see?”

The people of the city said, “It marks the tomb of the man of God who came from Judah and pronounced against the altar of Bethel the very things you have done to it.”

¹⁸ “Leave it alone,” he said. “Don’t let anyone disturb his bones^(BO).” So they spared his bones and those of the prophet^(BP) who had come from Samaria.

¹⁹ Just as he had done at Bethel, Josiah removed all the shrines at the high places that the kings of Israel had built in the towns of Samaria and that had aroused the Lord’s anger. ²⁰ Josiah slaughtered^(BQ) all the priests of those high places on the altars and burned human bones^(BR) on them. Then he went back to Jerusalem.

²¹ The king gave this order to all the people: “Celebrate the Passover^(BS) to the Lord your God, as it is written in this Book of the Covenant.”^{(BT) 22} Neither in the days of the judges who led Israel nor in the days of the kings of Israel and the kings of Judah had any such Passover been observed. ²³ But in the eighteenth year of King Josiah, this Passover was celebrated to the Lord in Jerusalem.^(BU)

²⁴ Furthermore, Josiah got rid of the mediums and spiritists,^(BV) the household gods,^(BW) the idols and all the other detestable^(BX) things seen in Judah and Jerusalem. This he did to fulfill the requirements of the law written in the book that Hilkiah the priest had discovered in the temple of the Lord. ²⁵ Neither before nor after Josiah was there a king like him who turned^(BY) to the Lord as he did—with all his heart and with all his soul and with all his strength, in accordance with all the Law of Moses.^(BZ)

²⁶ Nevertheless, the Lord did not turn away from the heat of his fierce anger,^(CA) which burned against Judah because of all that Manasseh^(CB) had done to arouse his anger. ²⁷ So the Lord said, “I will remove^(CC) Judah also from my presence^(CD) as I removed Israel, and I will reject^(CE) Jerusalem, the city I chose, and this temple, about which I said, ‘My Name shall be there.’^[d]”

²⁸ As for the other events of Josiah’s reign, and all he did, are they not written in the book of the annals of the kings of Judah?

²⁹ While Josiah was king, Pharaoh Necho^(CF) king of Egypt went up to the Euphrates River to help the king of Assyria. King Josiah marched out to meet him in battle, but Necho faced him and killed him at Megiddo.^{(CG) 30} Josiah’s servants brought his body in a chariot^(CH) from Megiddo to Jerusalem and buried him in his own tomb. And the people of the land took Jehoahaz son of Josiah and anointed him and made him king in place of his father.

Jehoahaz King of Judah^(CI)

³¹ Jehoahaz^(CJ) was twenty-three years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months. His mother’s name was Hamutal^(CK) daughter of Jeremiah; she was from Libnah. ³² He did evil^(CL) in the eyes of the Lord, just as his predecessors had done. ³³ Pharaoh Necho put him in chains at Riblah^(CM) in the land of Hamath^(CN) so that he might not reign in Jerusalem, and he imposed on Judah a levy of a hundred talents^[e] of silver and a talent^[f] of gold. ³⁴ Pharaoh Necho made Eliakim^(CO) son of Josiah king in place of his father Josiah and changed Eliakim’s name to Jehoiakim. But he took Jehoahaz and carried him off to Egypt, and there he died.^{(CP) 35} Jehoiakim paid Pharaoh Necho the silver and gold he demanded. In order to do so, he taxed the land and exacted the silver and gold from the people of the land according to their assessments.^(CQ)

Jehoiakim King of Judah^(CR)

³⁶ Jehoiakim^(CS) was twenty-five years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem eleven years. His mother’s name was Zebidah daughter of Pedaiah; she was from Rumah. ³⁷ And he did evil^(CT) in the eyes of the Lord, just as his predecessors had done.

24 During Jehoiakim’s reign, Nebuchadnezzar^(CU) king of Babylon invaded^(CV) the land, and Jehoiakim became his vassal for three years. But then he turned against Nebuchadnezzar and rebelled.^{(CW) 2} The Lord sent Babylonian,^[g](CX) Aramean,^(CY) Moabite and Ammonite raiders^(CZ) against him to destroy^(DA) Judah, in accordance with the word of the Lord proclaimed by his servants the prophets.^{(DB) 3} Surely these things happened to Judah according to the Lord’s command,^(DC) in order to remove them from his presence^(DD) because of the sins of Manasseh^(DE) and all he had done, ⁴ including the shedding of innocent blood.^(DF) For he had filled Jerusalem with innocent blood, and the Lord was not willing to forgive.^(DG)

⁵ As for the other events of Jehoiakim’s reign,^(DH) and all he did, are they not written in the book of the annals of the kings of Judah? ⁶ Jehoiakim rested^(DI) with his ancestors. And Jehoiachin^(DJ) his son succeeded him as king.

⁷ The king of Egypt^(DK) did not march out from his own country again, because the king of Babylon^(DL) had taken all his territory, from the Wadi of Egypt to the Euphrates River.

Jehoiachin King of Judah^(DM)

⁸ Jehoiachin^(DN) was eighteen years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months. His mother’s name was Nehushta^(DO) daughter of Elnathan; she was from Jerusalem. ⁹ He did evil^(DP) in the eyes of the Lord, just as his father had done.

¹⁰ At that time the officers of Nebuchadnezzar^(DQ) king of Babylon advanced on Jerusalem and laid siege to it, ¹¹ and Nebuchadnezzar himself came up to the city while his officers were besieging it. ¹² Jehoiachin king of Judah, his mother, his attendants, his nobles and his officials all surrendered^(DR) to him.

In the eighth year of the reign of the king of Babylon, he took Jehoiachin prisoner. ¹³ As the Lord had declared,^(DS) Nebuchadnezzar removed the treasures^(DT) from the temple of the Lord and from the royal palace, and cut up the gold articles^(DU) that Solomon^(DV) king of Israel had made for the temple of the Lord. ¹⁴ He carried all Jerusalem into exile:^(DW) all the officers and fighting men,^(DX) and all the skilled workers and artisans—a total of ten thousand. Only the poorest^(DY) people of the land were left.

¹⁵ Nebuchadnezzar took Jehoiachin^(DZ) captive to Babylon. He also took from Jerusalem to Babylon the king’s mother,^(EA) his wives, his officials and the prominent people^(EB) of the land. ¹⁶ The king of Babylon also deported to Babylon the entire force of seven thousand fighting men, strong and fit for war, and a thousand skilled workers and artisans.^{(EC) 17} He made Mattaniah, Jehoiachin’s uncle, king in his place and changed his name to Zedekiah.^(ED)

Zedekiah King of Judah^(EE)

¹⁸ Zedekiah^(EF) was twenty-one years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem eleven years. His mother’s name was Hamutal^(EG) daughter of Jeremiah; she was from Libnah. ¹⁹ He did evil^(EH) in the eyes of the Lord, just as Jehoiakim had done. ²⁰ It was because of the Lord’s anger that all this happened to Jerusalem and Judah, and in the end he thrust^(EI) them from his presence.^(EJ)

The Fall of Jerusalem^(EK)(EL)(EM)

Now Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon.

25 So in the ninth^(EN) year of Zedekiah’s reign, on the tenth day of the tenth month, Nebuchadnezzar^(EO) king of Babylon marched against Jerusalem with his whole army. He encamped outside the city and built siege works^(EP) all around it. ² The city was kept under siege until the eleventh year of King Zedekiah.

³ By the ninth day of the fourth^[h] month the famine^(EQ) in the city had become so severe that there was no food for the people to eat. ⁴ Then the city wall was broken through,^(ER) and the whole army fled at night through the gate between the two walls near the king’s garden, though the Babylonians^[i] were surrounding^(ES) the city. They fled toward the Arabah,^{[j] 5} but the Babylonian^[k] army pursued the king and overtook him in the plains of Jericho. All his soldiers were separated from him and scattered,^{(ET) 6} and he was captured.^(EU)

He was taken to the king of Babylon at Riblah,^(EV) where sentence was pronounced on him. ⁷ They killed the sons of Zedekiah before his eyes. Then they put out his eyes, bound him with bronze shackles and took him to Babylon.^(EW)

⁸ On the seventh day of the fifth month, in the nineteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, Nebuzaradan commander of the imperial guard, an official of the king of Babylon, came to Jerusalem. ⁹ He set fire^(EX) to the temple of the Lord, the royal palace and all the houses of Jerusalem. Every important building he burned down.^{(EY) 10} The whole Babylonian army under the commander of the imperial guard broke down the walls^(EZ) around Jerusalem. ¹¹ Nebuzaradan the commander of the guard carried into exile^(FA) the people who remained in the city, along with the rest of the populace and those who had deserted to the king of Babylon.^{(FB) 12} But the commander left behind some of the poorest people^(FC) of the land to work the vineyards and fields.

¹³ The Babylonians broke^(FD) up the bronze pillars, the movable stands and the bronze Sea that were at the temple of the Lord and they carried the bronze to Babylon. ¹⁴ They also took away the pots, shovels, wick trimmers, dishes^(FE) and all the bronze articles^(FF) used in the temple service. ¹⁵ The commander of the imperial guard took away the censers and sprinkling bowls—all that were made of pure gold or silver.^(FG)

¹⁶ The bronze from the two pillars, the Sea and the movable stands, which Solomon had made for the temple of the Lord, was more than could be weighed. ¹⁷ Each pillar^(FH) was eighteen cubits^[l] high. The bronze capital on top of one pillar was three cubits^[m] high and was decorated with a network and pomegranates of bronze all around. The other pillar, with its network, was similar.

¹⁸ The commander of the guard took as prisoners Seraiah^(FI) the chief priest, Zephaniah^(FJ) the priest next in rank and the three doorkeepers.^{(FK) 19} Of those still in the city, he took the officer in charge of the fighting men, and five royal advisers. He also took the secretary who was chief officer in charge of conscripting the people of the land and sixty of the conscripts who were found in the city. ²⁰ Nebuzaradan the commander took them all and brought them to the king of Babylon at Riblah. ²¹ There at Riblah,^(FL) in the land of Hamath, the king had them executed.^(FM)

So Judah went into captivity,^(FN) away from her land.^(FO)

²² Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon appointed Gedaliah^(FP) son of Ahikam,^(FQ) the son of Shaphan, to be over the people he had left behind in Judah. ²³ When all the army officers and their men heard that the king of Babylon had appointed Gedaliah as governor, they came to Gedaliah at Mizpah—Ishmael son of Nethaniah, Johanan son of Kareah, Seraiah son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite, Jaazaniah the son of the Maakathite, and their men. ²⁴ Gedaliah took an oath to reassure them and their men. “Do not be afraid of the Babylonian officials,” he said. “Settle down in the land and serve the king of Babylon, and it will go well with you.”

²⁵ In the seventh month, however, Ishmael son of Nethaniah, the son of Elishama, who was of royal blood, came with ten men and assassinated^(FR) Gedaliah and also the men of Judah and the Babylonians who were with him at Mizpah.^{(FS) 26} At this, all the people from the least to the greatest, together with the army officers, fled to Egypt^(FT) for fear of the Babylonians.

Jehoiachin Released^(FU)

²⁷ In the thirty-seventh year of the exile of Jehoiachin king of Judah, in the year Awel-Marduk became king of Babylon, he released Jehoiachin^(FV) king of Judah from prison. He did this on the twenty-seventh day of the twelfth month. ²⁸ He spoke kindly^(FW) to him and gave him a seat of honor^(FX) higher than those of the other kings who were with him in Babylon. ²⁹ So Jehoiachin put aside his prison clothes and for the rest of his life ate regularly at the king’s table.^{(FY) 30} Day by day the king gave Jehoiachin a regular allowance as long as he lived.^(FZ)