2 Koningen 23
BasisBijbel
Koning Josia wil dat de mensen weer volgens de wet gaan leven
23 Toen liet koning Josia alle leiders van Juda en Jeruzalem bij zich komen. 2 De koning ging naar de tempel van de Heer. Iedereen ging met hem mee: alle bewoners van Jeruzalem, de priesters, de profeten en het hele volk, van hoog tot laag. Hij las hun het hele boek van het verbond voor dat in de tempel van de Heer was gevonden.
3 Toen ging hij bij de pilaar staan en sloot een verbond met de Heer en met het volk. Ze beloofden dat ze voortaan met hun hele hart en hun hele ziel de Heer zouden dienen. Voortaan zouden ze gehoorzaam zijn aan de wetten en leefregels die in het boek waren opgeschreven. Het hele volk wilde meedoen met dat verbond.
4 Daarna zei de koning tegen de hogepriester Hilkia, de priesters die hem hielpen en de deurwachters: "Haal alles wat voor de afgoden is gemaakt, uit de tempel weg." Hij liet alles buiten Jeruzalem verbranden op de velden langs de beek Kidron. De as liet hij naar Bet-El brengen. 5 Ook ontsloeg hij alle afgodspriesters. Zij waren door de vorige koningen van Juda aangewezen om offers te brengen op de altaren die in de steden van Juda en in de omgeving van Jeruzalem stonden. Ook alle priesters die offers brachten aan de zon, de maan, de sterren en de sterrenbeelden stuurde hij weg. 6 Hij haalde de heilige paal weg uit de tempel van de Heer. Hij verbrandde hem buiten Jeruzalem bij de beek Kidron. Wat ervan overbleef, verpulverde hij tot stof. Het stof wierp hij op de begraafplaats. 7 Hij liet in de tempel van de Heer de kamers afbreken van de mannen die als tempelhoer werkten en van de vrouwen die kleren weefden voor het godenbeeld. 8 Hij liet alle Levitische afgodspriesters uit de steden van Juda naar Jeruzalem komen. Hij zorgde ervoor dat de altaren waar zij offers hadden gebracht, van Geba tot Berseba, onrein gemaakt werden. De altaren bij het huis van de stadsbestuurder Jozua, links van de stadspoort als je de stad in kwam, liet hij ook afbreken. 9 De Levieten die priester waren geweest bij de altaren van de afgoden, mochten geen dienst doen bij het altaar van de Heer in Jeruzalem. Maar ze mochten wel samen met de andere Levieten mee-eten van de ongegiste broden.[a] 10 Hij maakte de offerplaats Tofet in het dal Ben-Hinnom onrein, zodat niemand meer zijn zoon of zijn dochter voor Moloch zou verbranden.
11 Hij haalde de paarden weg die de koningen van Juda voor de aanbidding van de zon hadden gegeven.[b] Die paarden stonden bij de ingang van de tempel van de Heer, bij de kamer van de hoveling Natan-Melech in de bijgebouwen. De zonnewagen liet hij verbranden. 12 Ook liet hij de altaren afbreken die op het dak van de bovenzaal van Achaz stonden. Die altaren waren gebouwd door koningen van Juda. De altaren die koning Manasse had neergezet op de twee pleinen van de tempel van de Heer, liet hij ook afbreken. Het puin stortte hij in de beek Kidron. 13 Ook de altaren aan de oostkant van Jeruzalem, ten zuiden van de berg Mashit, liet hij onrein maken. Die altaren waren nog door koning Salomo gebouwd. Hij had ze laten neerzetten voor Astoret, de god van de Sidoniërs, voor Kamos, de god van Moab, en voor Milkom, de god van de Ammonieten. 14 Koning Josia sloeg de godenbeelden stuk, hakte de heilige palen om en gooide er mensenbotten neer.[c]
15 Ook het altaar in Bet-El[d] dat Jerobeam, de zoon van Nebat, had gemaakt, brak hij af. Hij stak het in brand en wat ervan overbleef verpulverde hij tot stof. De heilige paal liet hij verbranden. 16 Toen zag hij de graven op de berg. Hij liet de botten eruit halen. Hij verbrandde ze op het altaar, om zo het altaar onrein te maken. Zo gebeurde wat de profeet had gezegd in de tijd van koning Jerobeam.[e] 17 Toen zag hij daar een grafsteen. Hij vroeg: "Wat is dat daar voor een graf?" De bewoners van de stad antwoordden hem: "Dat is het graf van de profeet die uit Juda kwam en tegen het altaar van Bet-El de dingen heeft geprofeteerd die u nu heeft gedaan."[f] 18 Toen zei de koning: "Dat graf moeten jullie met rust laten. Laat de botten van die profeet in het graf liggen." Zo lieten ze de botten van de profeet met rust, en ook de botten van de profeet die uit Samaria was gekomen en die bij hem was begraven. 19 Ook liet koning Josia alle tempels in de steden van Samaria afbreken. Die waren ook door de koningen van Israël gemaakt. Daarmee hadden ze de Heer erg kwaad gemaakt. Hij deed daar hetzelfde als hij in Bet-El had gedaan. 20 Hij doodde alle priesters van de afgoden op hun altaren. Daarna verbrandde hij hun botten op de altaren om de altaren onrein te maken. Toen ging hij naar Jeruzalem terug.
Koning Josia laat het Paasfeest vieren
21 De koning beval het hele volk. "Ga nu voor jullie Heer God het Paasfeest vieren. Doe dat op de manier die staat in het boek van het verbond." 22 Want het Paasfeest was nooit meer op die manier gevierd sinds de tijd van de leiders die Israël leidden toen er nog geen koning was. Want ook in de tijd van de koningen van Israël en van Juda was dat nooit meer gedaan. 23 Maar toen Josia 18 jaar koning was van Juda, werd dit Paasfeest voor de Heer weer in Jeruzalem gevierd. 24 Josia deed ook alle mensen uit het land weg die doden om raad vroegen, en alle waarzeggers. Ook verbrandde hij alle grote en kleine afgodsbeelden en alle andere vreselijke dingen die in Juda en Jeruzalem werden gevonden. Want hij wilde leven volgens alle wetten en leefregels van het boek dat de priester Hilkia in de tempel van de Heer had gevonden. 25 Vóór hem is er geen enkele koning geweest, die op dezelfde manier met hart en ziel de Heer wilde dienen volgens alles wat er in de wet van Mozes stond. En na hem is er ook nooit meer zo iemand geweest.
De koning van Egypte valt Juda aan
26 Maar de Heer was nog steeds woedend op Juda, omdat koning Manasse, de grootvader van Josia, Hem zo vreselijk kwaad had gemaakt met alles wat hij had gedaan. 27 Daarom zei de Heer: "Ook met Juda wil Ik niets meer te maken hebben. Net zoals met Israël. Ik wil niet meer in Jeruzalem wonen, de stad die Ik had uitgekozen. Ik zal niet meer in de tempel wonen waarvan Ik gezegd had dat Ik daar zou wonen."
28 De rest van wat Josia allemaal heeft gedaan,[g] staat opgeschreven in de boeken met de geschiedenis van de koningen van Juda. 29 In de tijd dat Josia koning was, trok koning Necho van Egypte met zijn leger dwars door Juda naar de koning van Assur, bij de rivier de Eufraat. Koning Josia viel hem met zijn leger bij Megiddo aan omdat hij hem niet door Juda wilde laten trekken. Maar Necho doodde Josia zodra hij hem zag. 30 Josia's dienaren brachten zijn lijk van Megiddo op een strijdwagen terug naar Jeruzalem. Daar begroeven ze hem in zijn graf. Toen kroonden de mensen Josia's zoon Joahaz tot koning van Juda.
Joahaz, koning van Juda
31 Joahaz was 23 jaar toen hij koning werd. Hij regeerde drie maanden in Jeruzalem. Zijn moeder heette Hamutal. Ze was een dochter van Jeremia. Ze kwam uit Libna. 32 Joahaz leefde niet zoals de Heer het wil, net zoals zijn voorvaders. 33 Na drie maanden zette koning Necho van Egypte hem gevangen in de stad Ribla in Hamat, zodat hij niet meer over Juda zou regeren. Hij liet Juda een belasting betalen van 100 talenten (3000 kilo) zilver en 1 talent (30 kilo) goud. 34 En hij maakte Eljakim, de broer van Joahaz, koning van Juda. Hij gaf Eljakim een andere naam: Jojakim. Maar Joahaz nam hij mee naar Egypte. Daar stierf hij.[h] 35 Jojakim betaalde de gevraagde belasting aan koning Necho. Maar om dat te kunnen doen, liet hij al het goud en zilver dat daarvoor nodig was, betalen door het volk.
Jojakim, koning van Juda
36 Jojakim was 25 jaar toen hij koning van Juda werd. Hij regeerde 11 jaar in Jeruzalem. Zijn moeder heette Zebudda. Ze was een dochter van Pedaja. Ze kwam uit Ruma. 37 Jojakim leefde niet zoals de Heer het wil, net zoals zijn voorvaders. (lees verder)
Footnotes
- 2 Koningen 23:9 God had bepaald dat een deel van de vlees-offers en meel-offers niet moest worden verbrand, maar voor de priesters was.
- 2 Koningen 23:11 Die waren voor de 'zonnewagen', de wagen waarmee volgens hen de zon langs de hemel trok.
- 2 Koningen 23:14 Van mensenbotten werd een plaats onrein, zodat die plek niet meer geschikt was om offers aan de god te brengen.
- 2 Koningen 23:15 Bet-El lag in het koninkrijk Israël, dus eigenlijk had koning Josia daar niets te maken. Maar het koninkrijk Israël bestond in die tijd niet meer, doordat hun koning en alle bewoners gevangen waren meegenomen naar Assur. Daardoor kon Josia dat doen.
- 2 Koningen 23:16 Dat was 300 jaar eerder gezegd. Lees 1 Koningen 13:1-3.
- 2 Koningen 23:17 Lees 1 Koningen 13:4-32.
- 2 Koningen 23:28 Lees ook 2 Kronieken 34 en 35.
- 2 Koningen 23:34 Lees ook 2 Kronieken 36:1-4.
2 Kings 23
New International Version
Josiah Renews the Covenant(A)(B)(C)(D)
23 Then the king called together all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem. 2 He went up to the temple of the Lord with the people of Judah, the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the priests and the prophets—all the people from the least to the greatest. He read(E) in their hearing all the words of the Book of the Covenant,(F) which had been found in the temple of the Lord. 3 The king stood by the pillar(G) and renewed the covenant(H) in the presence of the Lord—to follow(I) the Lord and keep his commands, statutes and decrees with all his heart and all his soul, thus confirming the words of the covenant written in this book. Then all the people pledged themselves to the covenant.
4 The king ordered Hilkiah the high priest, the priests next in rank and the doorkeepers(J) to remove(K) from the temple of the Lord all the articles made for Baal and Asherah and all the starry hosts. He burned them outside Jerusalem in the fields of the Kidron Valley and took the ashes to Bethel. 5 He did away with the idolatrous priests appointed by the kings of Judah to burn incense on the high places of the towns of Judah and on those around Jerusalem—those who burned incense(L) to Baal, to the sun and moon, to the constellations and to all the starry hosts.(M) 6 He took the Asherah pole from the temple of the Lord to the Kidron Valley(N) outside Jerusalem and burned it there. He ground it to powder(O) and scattered the dust over the graves(P) of the common people.(Q) 7 He also tore down the quarters of the male shrine prostitutes(R) that were in the temple of the Lord, the quarters where women did weaving for Asherah.
8 Josiah brought all the priests from the towns of Judah and desecrated the high places, from Geba(S) to Beersheba, where the priests had burned incense. He broke down the gateway at the entrance of the Gate of Joshua, the city governor, which was on the left of the city gate. 9 Although the priests of the high places did not serve(T) at the altar of the Lord in Jerusalem, they ate unleavened bread with their fellow priests.
10 He desecrated Topheth,(U) which was in the Valley of Ben Hinnom,(V) so no one could use it to sacrifice their son(W) or daughter in the fire to Molek. 11 He removed from the entrance to the temple of the Lord the horses that the kings of Judah(X) had dedicated to the sun. They were in the court[a] near the room of an official named Nathan-Melek. Josiah then burned the chariots dedicated to the sun.(Y)
12 He pulled down(Z) the altars the kings of Judah had erected on the roof(AA) near the upper room of Ahaz, and the altars Manasseh had built in the two courts(AB) of the temple of the Lord. He removed them from there, smashed them to pieces and threw the rubble into the Kidron Valley.(AC) 13 The king also desecrated the high places that were east of Jerusalem on the south of the Hill of Corruption—the ones Solomon(AD) king of Israel had built for Ashtoreth the vile goddess of the Sidonians, for Chemosh the vile god of Moab, and for Molek the detestable(AE) god of the people of Ammon.(AF) 14 Josiah smashed(AG) the sacred stones and cut down the Asherah poles and covered the sites with human bones.(AH)
15 Even the altar(AI) at Bethel, the high place made by Jeroboam(AJ) son of Nebat, who had caused Israel to sin—even that altar and high place he demolished. He burned the high place and ground it to powder, and burned the Asherah pole also. 16 Then Josiah(AK) looked around, and when he saw the tombs that were there on the hillside, he had the bones removed from them and burned on the altar to defile it, in accordance(AL) with the word of the Lord proclaimed by the man of God who foretold these things.
17 The king asked, “What is that tombstone I see?”
The people of the city said, “It marks the tomb of the man of God who came from Judah and pronounced against the altar of Bethel the very things you have done to it.”
18 “Leave it alone,” he said. “Don’t let anyone disturb his bones(AM).” So they spared his bones and those of the prophet(AN) who had come from Samaria.
19 Just as he had done at Bethel, Josiah removed all the shrines at the high places that the kings of Israel had built in the towns of Samaria and that had aroused the Lord’s anger. 20 Josiah slaughtered(AO) all the priests of those high places on the altars and burned human bones(AP) on them. Then he went back to Jerusalem.
21 The king gave this order to all the people: “Celebrate the Passover(AQ) to the Lord your God, as it is written in this Book of the Covenant.”(AR) 22 Neither in the days of the judges who led Israel nor in the days of the kings of Israel and the kings of Judah had any such Passover been observed. 23 But in the eighteenth year of King Josiah, this Passover was celebrated to the Lord in Jerusalem.(AS)
24 Furthermore, Josiah got rid of the mediums and spiritists,(AT) the household gods,(AU) the idols and all the other detestable(AV) things seen in Judah and Jerusalem. This he did to fulfill the requirements of the law written in the book that Hilkiah the priest had discovered in the temple of the Lord. 25 Neither before nor after Josiah was there a king like him who turned(AW) to the Lord as he did—with all his heart and with all his soul and with all his strength, in accordance with all the Law of Moses.(AX)
26 Nevertheless, the Lord did not turn away from the heat of his fierce anger,(AY) which burned against Judah because of all that Manasseh(AZ) had done to arouse his anger. 27 So the Lord said, “I will remove(BA) Judah also from my presence(BB) as I removed Israel, and I will reject(BC) Jerusalem, the city I chose, and this temple, about which I said, ‘My Name shall be there.’[b]”
28 As for the other events of Josiah’s reign, and all he did, are they not written in the book of the annals of the kings of Judah?
29 While Josiah was king, Pharaoh Necho(BD) king of Egypt went up to the Euphrates River to help the king of Assyria. King Josiah marched out to meet him in battle, but Necho faced him and killed him at Megiddo.(BE) 30 Josiah’s servants brought his body in a chariot(BF) from Megiddo to Jerusalem and buried him in his own tomb. And the people of the land took Jehoahaz son of Josiah and anointed him and made him king in place of his father.
Jehoahaz King of Judah(BG)
31 Jehoahaz(BH) was twenty-three years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months. His mother’s name was Hamutal(BI) daughter of Jeremiah; she was from Libnah. 32 He did evil(BJ) in the eyes of the Lord, just as his predecessors had done. 33 Pharaoh Necho put him in chains at Riblah(BK) in the land of Hamath(BL) so that he might not reign in Jerusalem, and he imposed on Judah a levy of a hundred talents[c] of silver and a talent[d] of gold. 34 Pharaoh Necho made Eliakim(BM) son of Josiah king in place of his father Josiah and changed Eliakim’s name to Jehoiakim. But he took Jehoahaz and carried him off to Egypt, and there he died.(BN) 35 Jehoiakim paid Pharaoh Necho the silver and gold he demanded. In order to do so, he taxed the land and exacted the silver and gold from the people of the land according to their assessments.(BO)
Jehoiakim King of Judah(BP)
36 Jehoiakim(BQ) was twenty-five years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem eleven years. His mother’s name was Zebidah daughter of Pedaiah; she was from Rumah. 37 And he did evil(BR) in the eyes of the Lord, just as his predecessors had done.
Footnotes
- 2 Kings 23:11 The meaning of the Hebrew for this word is uncertain.
- 2 Kings 23:27 1 Kings 8:29
- 2 Kings 23:33 That is, about 3 3/4 tons or about 3.4 metric tons
- 2 Kings 23:33 That is, about 75 pounds or about 34 kilograms
2 Kings 23
King James Version
23 And the king sent, and they gathered unto him all the elders of Judah and of Jerusalem.
2 And the king went up into the house of the Lord, and all the men of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem with him, and the priests, and the prophets, and all the people, both small and great: and he read in their ears all the words of the book of the covenant which was found in the house of the Lord.
3 And the king stood by a pillar, and made a covenant before the Lord, to walk after the Lord, and to keep his commandments and his testimonies and his statutes with all their heart and all their soul, to perform the words of this covenant that were written in this book. And all the people stood to the covenant.
4 And the king commanded Hilkiah the high priest, and the priests of the second order, and the keepers of the door, to bring forth out of the temple of the Lord all the vessels that were made for Baal, and for the grove, and for all the host of heaven: and he burned them without Jerusalem in the fields of Kidron, and carried the ashes of them unto Bethel.
5 And he put down the idolatrous priests, whom the kings of Judah had ordained to burn incense in the high places in the cities of Judah, and in the places round about Jerusalem; them also that burned incense unto Baal, to the sun, and to the moon, and to the planets, and to all the host of heaven.
6 And he brought out the grove from the house of the Lord, without Jerusalem, unto the brook Kidron, and burned it at the brook Kidron, and stamped it small to powder, and cast the powder thereof upon the graves of the children of the people.
7 And he brake down the houses of the sodomites, that were by the house of the Lord, where the women wove hangings for the grove.
8 And he brought all the priests out of the cities of Judah, and defiled the high places where the priests had burned incense, from Geba to Beersheba, and brake down the high places of the gates that were in the entering in of the gate of Joshua the governor of the city, which were on a man's left hand at the gate of the city.
9 Nevertheless the priests of the high places came not up to the altar of the Lord in Jerusalem, but they did eat of the unleavened bread among their brethren.
10 And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molech.
11 And he took away the horses that the kings of Judah had given to the sun, at the entering in of the house of the Lord, by the chamber of Nathanmelech the chamberlain, which was in the suburbs, and burned the chariots of the sun with fire.
12 And the altars that were on the top of the upper chamber of Ahaz, which the kings of Judah had made, and the altars which Manasseh had made in the two courts of the house of the Lord, did the king beat down, and brake them down from thence, and cast the dust of them into the brook Kidron.
13 And the high places that were before Jerusalem, which were on the right hand of the mount of corruption, which Solomon the king of Israel had builded for Ashtoreth the abomination of the Zidonians, and for Chemosh the abomination of the Moabites, and for Milcom the abomination of the children of Ammon, did the king defile.
14 And he brake in pieces the images, and cut down the groves, and filled their places with the bones of men.
15 Moreover the altar that was at Bethel, and the high place which Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin, had made, both that altar and the high place he brake down, and burned the high place, and stamped it small to powder, and burned the grove.
16 And as Josiah turned himself, he spied the sepulchres that were there in the mount, and sent, and took the bones out of the sepulchres, and burned them upon the altar, and polluted it, according to the word of the Lord which the man of God proclaimed, who proclaimed these words.
17 Then he said, What title is that that I see? And the men of the city told him, It is the sepulchre of the man of God, which came from Judah, and proclaimed these things that thou hast done against the altar of Bethel.
18 And he said, Let him alone; let no man move his bones. So they let his bones alone, with the bones of the prophet that came out of Samaria.
19 And all the houses also of the high places that were in the cities of Samaria, which the kings of Israel had made to provoke the Lord to anger, Josiah took away, and did to them according to all the acts that he had done in Bethel.
20 And he slew all the priests of the high places that were there upon the altars, and burned men's bones upon them, and returned to Jerusalem.
21 And the king commanded all the people, saying, Keep the passover unto the Lord your God, as it is written in the book of this covenant.
22 Surely there was not holden such a passover from the days of the judges that judged Israel, nor in all the days of the kings of Israel, nor of the kings of Judah;
23 But in the eighteenth year of king Josiah, wherein this passover was holden to the Lord in Jerusalem.
24 Moreover the workers with familiar spirits, and the wizards, and the images, and the idols, and all the abominations that were spied in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, did Josiah put away, that he might perform the words of the law which were written in the book that Hilkiah the priest found in the house of the Lord.
25 And like unto him was there no king before him, that turned to the Lord with all his heart, and with all his soul, and with all his might, according to all the law of Moses; neither after him arose there any like him.
26 Notwithstanding the Lord turned not from the fierceness of his great wrath, wherewith his anger was kindled against Judah, because of all the provocations that Manasseh had provoked him withal.
27 And the Lord said, I will remove Judah also out of my sight, as I have removed Israel, and will cast off this city Jerusalem which I have chosen, and the house of which I said, My name shall be there.
28 Now the rest of the acts of Josiah, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?
29 In his days Pharaohnechoh king of Egypt went up against the king of Assyria to the river Euphrates: and king Josiah went against him; and he slew him at Megiddo, when he had seen him.
30 And his servants carried him in a chariot dead from Megiddo, and brought him to Jerusalem, and buried him in his own sepulchre. And the people of the land took Jehoahaz the son of Josiah, and anointed him, and made him king in his father's stead.
31 Jehoahaz was twenty and three years old when he began to reign; and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.
32 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, according to all that his fathers had done.
33 And Pharaohnechoh put him in bands at Riblah in the land of Hamath, that he might not reign in Jerusalem; and put the land to a tribute of an hundred talents of silver, and a talent of gold.
34 And Pharaohnechoh made Eliakim the son of Josiah king in the room of Josiah his father, and turned his name to Jehoiakim, and took Jehoahaz away: and he came to Egypt, and died there.
35 And Jehoiakim gave the silver and the gold to Pharaoh; but he taxed the land to give the money according to the commandment of Pharaoh: he exacted the silver and the gold of the people of the land, of every one according to his taxation, to give it unto Pharaohnechoh.
36 Jehoiakim was twenty and five years old when he began to reign; and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Zebudah, the daughter of Pedaiah of Rumah.
37 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, according to all that his fathers had done.
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