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列王纪上 22
Chinese New Version (Simplified)

南北两国联合攻打拉末(A)

22 亚兰人和以色列人之间，连续三年没有战争。 2 到了第三年，犹大王约沙法下去见以色列王。 3 以色列王对他的臣仆说：“你们知道吗？基列的拉末原属于我们，我们怎可静坐不动，不把它从亚兰王的手中夺回来呢？” 4 亚哈问约沙法：“你肯与我一起到基列的拉末去作战吗？”约沙法回答以色列王：“你我不分彼此，我的人民就像是你的人民，我的战马就像是你的战马。”

以色列的假先知都预言战胜(B)

5 约沙法又对以色列王说：“现在请你先求问耶和华。” 6 于是以色列王把众先知聚集了来，约有四百人，问他们：“我可以去攻打基列的拉末吗？或是应当忍耐不去呢？”他们说：“你可以上去，主必把那城交在王的手里。” 7 约沙法说：“这里不是还有耶和华的先知，我们可以求问他吗？” 8 以色列王对约沙法说：“还有一个人，我们可以托他求问耶和华。不过我憎恨他，因为他对我说的预言，都是凶话，不是吉话。这人就是音拉的儿子米该雅。”但约沙法说：“请王不要这么说。” 9 于是王召了一位太监来，说：“快去把音拉的儿子米该雅召来！” 10 以色列王和犹大王约沙法穿著朝服，在撒玛利亚城门口的广场上，各人坐在自己的王位上；所有的先知都在他们面前说预言。 11 基拿拿的儿子西底家做了些铁角，说：“耶和华这样说：‘你要用这些铁角抵触亚兰人，直到把他们完全消灭。’” 12 所有的先知也都这样预言说：“你可以上基列的拉末去，必得胜利！因为耶和华必把那城交在王的手里。”

只有米该雅预言战败(C)

13 那去召米该雅的使者对米该雅说：“看哪，这里的众先知都异口同声地对王说吉话，请你与他们一样说吉话。” 14 米该雅说：“我指着永活的耶和华起誓，耶和华吩咐我甚么，我就说甚么。” 15 米该雅来到王那里的时候，王就问他：“米该雅啊，我们可以到基列的拉末去作战吗？或是要忍耐不去呢？”米该雅回答亚哈：“你可以上去，必得胜利，因为耶和华必把那城交在王的手里！” 16 王对他说：“我要嘱咐你多少次，你才奉耶和华的名对我只说真话呢？” 17 米该雅说：

“我看见以色列人四散在山上，好象没有牧人的羊群一样；

耶和华说：‘这些人没有主人，

使他们平平安安各自回家吧！’”

18 以色列王对约沙法说：“我不是告诉过你，这人对我说的预言，总不说吉话，只说凶话吗？” 19 米该雅说：“因此，你要听耶和华的话；我看见耶和华坐在他的宝座上，天上的万军都侍立在他的左右。 20 耶和华说：‘谁去引诱亚哈，使他上基列的拉末阵亡呢？’有说这样的，有说那样的。 21 后来有一个灵出来，站在耶和华面前，说：‘我去引诱他。’耶和华问他：‘你用甚么方法呢？’ 22 他回答：‘我要出去，在亚哈所有先知的口中，作说谎的灵。’耶和华说：‘你可以去引诱他，你也必能成功，你去这样行吧！’ 23 现在，耶和华已经把说谎的灵放在你这些先知的口中，耶和华已经命定灾祸临到你。”

米该雅受辱被囚(D)

24 基拿拿的儿子西底家近前来，打米该雅的脸颊说：“耶和华的灵怎样离开了我，去与你说话呢？” 25 米该雅说：“你进密室躲藏的那一天，就必看见了。” 26 以色列王说：“把米该雅带回去，交给市长亚们和王的儿子约阿施， 27 说：‘王这样吩咐：把这人囚在监里，少给他食物和水，直到我平平安安回来。’” 28 米该雅说：“如果你真的可以平平安安回来，那么耶和华就没有借着我说话了。”他又说：“众民啊，你们都要听。”

亚哈阵亡(E)

29 于是，以色列王和犹大王约沙法上基列的拉末去了。 30 以色列王对约沙法说：“我要改装上战场去了；你可以仍穿自己的朝服。”于是以色列王改装到战场去了。 31 亚兰王曾经嘱咐他的三十二个战车长说：“无论大小将兵，你们都不要与他们争战，只要与以色列王争战。” 32 战车长们看见约沙法的时候，就说：“这人必是以色列王。”他们就转过去与他争战，约沙法便喊叫起来。 33 战车长们一见他不是以色列王，就转回来，不追赶他了。

34 有一个人随便射了一箭，竟射中了以色列王铁甲与护胸甲之间的地方。王对驾车的说：“你把车转过来，载我离开战场吧！我受了重伤。” 35 那一天战争不断升级，有人扶着王站在车上抵挡亚兰人。到了黄昏，王就死了；血从伤口流到战车的底下去。 36 约在日落的时候，有命令传遍军中说：“各归各城，各归各地吧。”

37 王死了以后，人们把他送回撒玛利亚，埋葬在那里。 38 他们在撒玛利亚的池旁，妓女洗澡的地方清洗战车，有狗来舔亚哈的血，正如耶和华说过的话一样。 39 亚哈其余的事迹，他所作的一切，他建造的象牙宫和他重建的一切城镇，不是都记在以色列诸王的年代志上吗？ 40 亚哈与他的列祖同睡，他的儿子亚哈谢接续他作王。

约沙法作犹大王(F)

41 以色列王亚哈第四年，亚撒的儿子约沙法登基作犹大王。 42 约沙法登基的时候是三十五岁；他在耶路撒冷作王二十五年。他母亲名叫阿苏巴，是示利希的女儿。 43 约沙法遵行他父亲亚撒所行的一切，总不偏离，行耶和华看为正的事。只是邱坛还没有废去，人民仍在邱坛上献祭烧香（“只是邱坛……献祭烧香。”《马索拉文本》为22:44）。 44 约沙法王与以色列王和平相处。（本节在《马索拉文本》为22:45）

45 约沙法其余的事迹，他作过的英勇的事和他怎样争战的事，不是都写在犹大列王的年代志上吗？ 46 约沙法把父亲亚撒在世时遗留下来的庙妓都从国中除灭。 47 那时，以东没有王，由总督统治。 48 约沙法建造了他施船只，要到俄斐去运金子，可是不能开船，因为船只在以旬．迦别坏了。 49 那时亚哈的儿子亚哈谢对约沙法说：“让我的仆人与你的仆人一同坐船去吧！”但是约沙法不肯。 50 约沙法与他的列祖同睡，与他的列祖一同埋葬在他先祖大卫的城里；他的儿子约兰接续他作王。

亚哈谢作以色列王

51 犹大王约沙法第十七年，亚哈的儿子亚哈谢在撒玛利亚登基作以色列王。他作以色列王两年。 52 他行耶和华看为恶的事，行他父亲的道和他母亲的道，又行尼八的儿子耶罗波安使以色列人陷在罪中的道。 53 他事奉巴力，敬拜巴力，照着他父亲所行的一切惹耶和华以色列的　神发怒。

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1 Kings 22
New English Translation

Ahab Dies in Battle

22 There was no war between Syria and Israel for three years.[a] 2 In the third year King Jehoshaphat of Judah came down to visit[b] the king of Israel. 3 The king of Israel said to his servants, “Surely you recognize that Ramoth Gilead belongs to us, though we are hesitant to reclaim it from the king of Syria.”[c] 4 Then he said to Jehoshaphat, “Will you go with me to attack Ramoth Gilead?” Jehoshaphat replied to the king of Israel, “I will support you; my army and horses are at your disposal.”[d] 5 But then Jehoshaphat said to Israel’s king, “Please seek a message from the Lord this very day.”[e] 6 So the king of Israel assembled about 400 prophets and asked them, “Should I attack Ramoth Gilead or not?”[f] They said, “Attack! The Sovereign One[g] will hand it over to the king.” 7 But Jehoshaphat asked, “Is there not a prophet of the Lord still here, that we may ask him?” 8 The king of Israel answered Jehoshaphat, “There is still one man through whom we can seek the Lord’s will.[h] But I despise[i] him because he does not prophesy prosperity for me, but disaster. His name is Micaiah son of Imlah.”[j] Jehoshaphat said, “The king should not say such things.” 9 The king of Israel summoned an official and said, “Quickly bring Micaiah son of Imlah.”

10 Now the king of Israel and King Jehoshaphat of Judah were sitting on their respective thrones,[k] dressed in their robes, at the threshing floor at the entrance of the gate of Samaria. All the prophets were prophesying before them. 11 Zedekiah son of Kenaanah made iron horns and said, “This is what the Lord has said, ‘With these you will gore Syria until they are destroyed.’” 12 All the prophets were prophesying the same, saying, “Attack Ramoth Gilead! You will succeed; the Lord will hand it over to the king.” 13 Now the messenger who went to summon Micaiah said to him, “Look, the prophets are in complete agreement that the king will succeed.[l] Your words must agree with theirs; you must predict success.”[m] 14 But Micaiah said, “As certainly as the Lord lives, I will say what the Lord tells me to say.”

15 When he came before the king, the king asked him, “Micaiah, should we attack Ramoth Gilead or not?” He answered him, “Attack! You will succeed; the Lord will hand it over to the king.”[n] 16 The king said to him, “How many times must I make you solemnly promise in[o] the name of the Lord to tell me only the truth?” 17 Micaiah[p] said, “I saw all Israel scattered on the mountains like sheep that have no shepherd. Then the Lord said, ‘They have no master. They should go home in peace.’” 18 The king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, “Didn’t I tell you he does not prophesy prosperity for me, but disaster?” 19 Micaiah[q] said, “That being the case, listen to the Lord’s message. I saw the Lord sitting on his throne, with all the heavenly assembly standing beside him on his right and on his left. 20 The Lord said, ‘Who will deceive Ahab, so he will attack Ramoth Gilead and die[r] there?’ One said this and another that. 21 Then a spirit[s] stepped forward and stood before the Lord. He said, ‘I will deceive him.’ 22 The Lord asked him, ‘How?’ He replied, ‘I will go out and be a lying spirit in the mouths of all his prophets.’ The Lord[t] said, ‘Deceive and overpower him.[u] Go out and do as you have proposed.’ 23 So now, look, the Lord has placed a lying spirit in the mouths of all these prophets of yours, but the Lord has decreed disaster for you.” 24 Zedekiah son of Kenaanah approached, hit Micaiah on the jaw, and said, “Which way did the Lord’s Spirit go when he went from me to speak to you?” 25 Micaiah replied, “Look, you will see in the day when you go into an inner room to hide.” 26 Then the king of Israel said, “Take Micaiah and return him to Amon the city official and Joash the king’s son. 27 Say, ‘This is what the king says, “Put this man in prison. Give him only a little bread and water[v] until I safely return.”’”[w] 28 Micaiah said, “If you really do safely return, then the Lord has not spoken through me.” Then he added, “Take note,[x] all you people.”

29 The king of Israel and King Jehoshaphat of Judah attacked Ramoth Gilead. 30 The king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, “I will disguise myself and then enter[y] into the battle, but you wear your royal robes.” So the king of Israel disguised himself and then entered into the battle. 31 Now the king of Syria had ordered his thirty-two chariot commanders, “Do not fight common soldiers or high-ranking officers;[z] fight only the king of Israel.” 32 When the chariot commanders saw Jehoshaphat, they said, “He must be the king of Israel.” So they turned and attacked him, but Jehoshaphat cried out. 33 When the chariot commanders realized he was not the king of Israel, they turned away from him. 34 Now an archer shot an arrow at random,[aa] and it struck the king of Israel between the plates of his armor. The king[ab] ordered his charioteer, “Turn around and take me from the battle line,[ac] because I’m wounded.” 35 While the battle raged throughout the day, the king stood propped up in his chariot opposite the Syrians. He died in the evening; the blood from the wound ran down into the bottom of the chariot. 36 As the sun was setting, a cry went through the camp, “Each one should return to his city and to his homeland.” 37 So the king died and was taken to Samaria, where they buried him.[ad] 38 They washed off the chariot at the pool of Samaria. Then the dogs licked his blood, while the prostitutes bathed, in keeping with the Lord’s message that he had spoken.[ae]

39 The rest of the events of Ahab’s reign, including a record of his accomplishments and how he built a luxurious palace and various cities, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel.[af] 40 Ahab passed away.[ag] His son Ahaziah replaced him as king.

Jehoshaphat’s Reign over Judah

41 In the fourth year of Ahab’s reign over Israel, Asa’s son Jehoshaphat became king over Judah. 42 Jehoshaphat was thirty-five years old when he became king and he reigned for twenty-five years in Jerusalem. His mother was Azubah, the daughter of Shilhi. 43 He followed in his father Asa’s footsteps and was careful to do what the Lord approved.[ah] (22:44)[ai] However, the high places were not eliminated; the people continued to offer sacrifices and burn incense on the high places. 44 (22:45) Jehoshaphat was also at peace with the king of Israel.

45 The rest of the events of Jehoshaphat’s reign, including his successes and military exploits, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Judah.[aj] 46 He removed from the land any male cultic prostitutes who had managed to survive the reign of his father Asa.[ak] 47 There was no king in Edom at this time; a governor ruled. 48 Jehoshaphat built a fleet of large merchant ships[al] to travel to Ophir for gold, but they never made the voyage because they were shipwrecked in Ezion Geber. 49 Then Ahaziah son of Ahab said to Jehoshaphat, “Let my sailors join yours in the fleet,”[am] but Jehoshaphat refused.

50 Jehoshaphat passed away[an] and was buried with his ancestors in the city of his ancestor[ao] David. His son Jehoram replaced him as king.

Ahaziah’s Reign over Israel

51 In the seventeenth year of Jehoshaphat’s reign over Judah, Ahab’s son Ahaziah became king over Israel in Samaria. He ruled for two years over Israel. 52 He did evil in the sight of[ap] the Lord and followed in the footsteps[aq] of his father and mother; like Jeroboam son of Nebat, he encouraged Israel to sin.[ar] 53 He worshiped and bowed down to Baal,[as] angering the Lord God of Israel just as his father had done.[at]

Footnotes

  1. 1 Kings 22:1 tn Heb “and they lived three years without war between Aram and Israel.”
  2. 1 Kings 22:2 tn The word “visit” is supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
  3. 1 Kings 22:3 tn Heb “Do you know that Ramoth Gilead belongs to us, and we hesitate to take it from the hand of the king of Aram?” The rhetorical question expects the answer, “Of course, you must know!”
  4. 1 Kings 22:4 tn Heb “Like me, like you; like my people, like your people; like my horses; like your horses.”
  5. 1 Kings 22:5 sn Jehoshaphat is requesting a prophetic oracle revealing the Lord’s will in the matter and their prospects for success. For examples of such oracles, see 2 Sam 5:19, 23-24.
  6. 1 Kings 22:6 tn Heb “Should I go against Ramoth Gilead for war or should I refrain?”
  7. 1 Kings 22:6 tn Though Jehoshaphat requested an oracle from “the Lord” (יְהוָה, Yahweh), they stop short of actually using this name and substitute the title אֲדֹנָי (ʾadonay, “lord; master”). This ambiguity may explain in part Jehoshaphat’s hesitancy and caution (vv. 7-8). He seems to doubt that the four hundred are genuine prophets of the Lord.
  8. 1 Kings 22:8 tn Heb “to seek the Lord from him.”
  9. 1 Kings 22:8 tn Or “hate.”
  10. 1 Kings 22:8 tn The words “his name is” are supplied for stylistic reasons.
  11. 1 Kings 22:10 tn Heb “were sitting, a man on his throne.”
  12. 1 Kings 22:13 tn Heb “the words of the prophets are [with] one mouth good for the king.”
  13. 1 Kings 22:13 tn Heb “let your words be like the word of each of them and speak good.”
  14. 1 Kings 22:15 sn “Attack! You will succeed; the Lord will hand it over to the king.” One does not expect Micaiah, having just vowed to speak only what the Lord tells him, to agree with the other prophets and give the king an inaccurate prophecy. Micaiah’s actions became understandable later, when it is revealed that the Lord desires to deceive the king and lead him to his demise. The Lord even dispatches a lying spirit to deceive Ahab’s prophets. Micaiah can lie to the king because he realizes this lie is from the Lord. It is important to note that in v. 14 Micaiah only vows to speak the word of the Lord; he does not necessarily say he will tell the truth. In this case the Lord’s word itself is deceptive. Only when the king adjures him to tell the truth (v. 16), does Micaiah do so.
  15. 1 Kings 22:16 tn Or “swear an oath by.”
  16. 1 Kings 22:17 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Micaiah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  17. 1 Kings 22:19 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Micaiah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  18. 1 Kings 22:20 tn Heb “and fall.”
  19. 1 Kings 22:21 tn Heb “the spirit.” The significance of the article prefixed to רוּחַ (ruakh) is uncertain, but it could contain a clue as to this spirit’s identity, especially when interpreted in light of v. 24. It is certainly possible, and probably even likely, that the article is used in a generic or dramatic sense and should be translated, “a spirit.” In the latter case it would show that this spirit was vivid and definite in the mind of Micaiah the storyteller. However, if one insists that the article indicates a well-known or universally known spirit, the following context provides a likely referent. Verse 24 tells how Zedekiah slapped Micaiah in the face and then asked sarcastically, “Which way did the spirit from the Lord (רוּחַ־יְהוָה, [ruakh Yahweh], Heb “the spirit of the Lord”) go when he went from me to speak to you?” When the phrase “the spirit of the Lord” refers to the divine spirit (rather than the divine breath or mind, Isa 40:7, 13) elsewhere, the spirit energizes an individual or group for special tasks or moves one to prophesy. This raises the possibility that the deceiving spirit of vv. 20-23 is the same as the divine spirit mentioned by Zedekiah in v. 24. This would explain why the article is used on רוּחַ; he can be called “the spirit” because he is the well-known spirit who energizes the prophets.
  20. 1 Kings 22:22 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the Lord) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  21. 1 Kings 22:22 tn The Hebrew text has two imperfects connected by וְגַם (vegam). These verbs could be translated as specific futures, “you will deceive and also you will prevail,” in which case the Lord is assuring the spirit of success on his mission. However, in a commissioning context (note the following imperatives) such as this, it is more likely that the imperfects are injunctive, in which case one could translate, “Deceive, and also overpower.”
  22. 1 Kings 22:27 tn Heb “the bread of affliction and the water of affliction.”
  23. 1 Kings 22:27 tn Heb “come in peace.” So also in v. 28.
  24. 1 Kings 22:28 tn Heb “Listen.”
  25. 1 Kings 22:30 tn The Hebrew verbal forms could be imperatives (“Disguise yourself and enter”), but this would make no sense in light of the immediately following context. The forms are better interpreted as infinitives absolute functioning as cohortatives. See IBHS 594 §35.5.2a. Some prefer to emend the forms to imperfects.
  26. 1 Kings 22:31 tn Heb “small or great.”
  27. 1 Kings 22:34 tn Heb “now a man drew a bow in his innocence” (i.e., with no specific target in mind, or at least without realizing his target was the king of Israel).
  28. 1 Kings 22:34 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the king) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  29. 1 Kings 22:34 tn Heb “camp.”
  30. 1 Kings 22:37 tn Heb “and the king died and he came to Samaria, and they buried the king in Samaria.”
  31. 1 Kings 22:38 sn See 1 Kgs 21:19.
  32. 1 Kings 22:39 tn Heb “As for the rest of the acts of Ahab and all that he did, and the house of ivory which he built and all the cities which he built, are they not written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Israel?”
  33. 1 Kings 22:40 tn Heb “lay down with his fathers.”
  34. 1 Kings 22:43 tn Heb “he walked in all the way of Asa his father and did not turn from it, doing what is right in the eyes of the Lord.”
  35. 1 Kings 22:43 sn Beginning with 22:43b, the verse numbers through 22:53 in the English Bible differ from the verse numbers in the Hebrew text (BHS), because 22:43b in the English Bible = 22:44 in the Hebrew text. The remaining verses in the chapter differ by one, with 22:44-53 ET = 22:45-54 HT.
  36. 1 Kings 22:45 tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Jehoshaphat, and his strength that he demonstrated and how he fought, are they not written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Judah?”
  37. 1 Kings 22:46 tn Heb “and the rest of the male cultic prostitutes who were left in the days of Asa his father, he burned from the land.” Some understand the verb בִּעֵר (biʿer) to mean “sweep away” here rather than “burn.” See the note at 1 Kgs 14:10.sn Despite Asa’s opposition to these male cultic prostitutes (see 1 Kgs 15:12) some of them had managed to remain in the land. Jehoshaphat finished what his father had started.
  38. 1 Kings 22:48 tn Heb “Tarshish ships.” This probably refers to large ships either made in or capable of traveling to the distant western port of Tarshish.
  39. 1 Kings 22:49 tn Heb “Let my servants go with your servants in the fleet.”
  40. 1 Kings 22:50 tn Heb “lay down with his fathers.”
  41. 1 Kings 22:50 tn Heb “with his fathers in the city of his father.”
  42. 1 Kings 22:52 tn Heb “in the eyes of.”
  43. 1 Kings 22:52 tn Or “way.”
  44. 1 Kings 22:52 tn Heb “and walked in the way of his father and in the way of his mother and in the way of Jeroboam son of Nebat who made Israel sin.”
  45. 1 Kings 22:53 tn Heb “he served Baal and bowed down to him.”
  46. 1 Kings 22:53 tn Heb “according to all which his father had done.”
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