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Causas de la caída del reino de Israel

17 En el año doce de Acaz, rey de Judá, Oseas, hijo de Ela(A), comenzó a reinar sobre Israel en Samaria, y reinó nueve años. E hizo lo malo ante los ojos del Señor, aunque no como los reyes de Israel que habían sido antes de él. Subió contra él Salmanasar(B), rey de Asiria, y Oseas fue hecho su siervo(C), y le pagaba tributo. Pero el rey de Asiria descubrió una conspiración de[a] Oseas, quien había enviado mensajeros a So, rey de Egipto, y no había pagado tributo al rey de Asiria como había hecho año tras año; por tanto el rey de Asiria lo detuvo y lo encadenó en la cárcel. Entonces el rey de Asiria invadió todo el país y subió a Samaria(D), y le puso sitio por tres años. En el año noveno de Oseas, el rey de Asiria tomó Samaria(E) y se llevó a Israel al destierro(F) en Asiria, y los puso en Halah y en Habor, río de Gozán(G), y en las ciudades de los medos(H).

Esto[b] sucedió porque los hijos de Israel habían pecado contra el Señor su Dios(I), que los había sacado[c] de la tierra de Egipto de bajo la mano de Faraón, rey de Egipto(J), y habían reverenciado a otros dioses(K); y anduvieron en las costumbres[d] de las naciones que el Señor había arrojado de delante de los hijos de Israel(L), y en las costumbres de los reyes de Israel que ellos habían introducido[e](M). Y los hijos de Israel secretamente hicieron cosas[f] que no eran rectas contra el Señor su Dios. Además se edificaron lugares altos en todas sus ciudades, desde las torres de atalaya hasta las ciudades fortificadas(N). 10 Se erigieron pilares sagrados(O) y Aseras[g] sobre toda colina alta y bajo todo árbol frondoso(P), 11 y quemaron incienso allí en todos los lugares altos, como las naciones que el Señor se había llevado al destierro de delante de ellos; e hicieron cosas malas provocando al Señor. 12 Y sirvieron a ídolos, acerca de los cuales el Señor les había dicho: Vosotros no haréis esto(Q). 13 Y el Señor amonestaba(R) a Israel y a Judá por medio de todos sus profetas(S) y de todo vidente(T), diciendo: Volveos de vuestros malos caminos y guardad mis mandamientos, mis estatutos conforme a toda la ley que ordené a vuestros padres y que os envié por medio[h] de mis siervos los profetas(U). 14 Sin embargo, ellos no escucharon, sino que endurecieron su cerviz como[i] sus padres, que no creyeron en el Señor su Dios(V). 15 Desecharon sus estatutos(W) y el pacto que Él había hecho con sus padres(X), y sus advertencias con las cuales los había amonestado. Y siguieron la vanidad(Y) y se hicieron vanos(Z), y fueron en pos de las naciones que los rodeaban, respecto de las cuales el Señor les había ordenado que no hicieran como ellas(AA). 16 Y abandonaron todos los mandamientos del Señor su Dios, y se hicieron imágenes fundidas de dos becerros(AB); hicieron una Asera[j](AC), adoraron a todo el ejército de los cielos(AD) y sirvieron a Baal(AE). 17 Hicieron pasar por el fuego a sus hijos y a sus hijas(AF), practicaron la adivinación y los augurios(AG), y se entregaron a[k] hacer lo malo ante los ojos del Señor, provocándole(AH). 18 Y el Señor se airó en gran manera contra Israel(AI) y los quitó de su presencia; no quedó sino solo la tribu de Judá(AJ).

19 Tampoco Judá[l] guardó los mandamientos del Señor su Dios(AK), sino que anduvieron en las costumbres[m] que Israel había introducido[n](AL). 20 Y el Señor desechó a toda la descendencia[o] de Israel, y los afligió y los entregó en mano de saqueadores, hasta que los echó de su presencia(AM). 21 Cuando Él arrancó a Israel de la casa de David(AN), ellos hicieron rey a Jeroboam(AO), hijo de Nabat. Entonces Jeroboam apartó a Israel de seguir al Señor, y les hizo cometer[p] un gran pecado(AP). 22 Y los hijos de Israel anduvieron en todos los pecados que había cometido Jeroboam; no se apartaron de ellos, 23 hasta que el Señor quitó a Israel de su presencia, como Él había hablado por medio[q] de todos sus siervos los profetas(AQ). E Israel fue llevado de su propia tierra al destierro, a Asiria(AR), hasta hoy.

24 Y el rey de Asiria trajo hombres de Babilonia, de Cuta, de Ava[r](AS), de Hamat(AT) y de Sefarvaim, y los puso en las ciudades de Samaria en lugar de los hijos de Israel. Y tomaron posesión de Samaria y habitaron en sus ciudades(AU). 25 Y aconteció que como al principio de habitar ellos allí, no temieron al Señor(AV), el Señor envió leones entre ellos que mataron a muchos de ellos. 26 Entonces hablaron al rey de Asiria, diciendo: Las naciones que has llevado al destierro a las ciudades de Samaria, no conocen la costumbre del dios de la tierra; por eso él ha enviado leones entre ellos, y he aquí, los leones los matan porque ellos no conocen la costumbre del dios de la tierra.

27 Y el rey de Asiria ordenó, diciendo: Llevad allá a uno de los sacerdotes que llevasteis al destierro[s], y que él vaya y habite[t] allí; y que les enseñe la costumbre del dios de la tierra. 28 Y vino uno de los sacerdotes que habían llevado al destierro desde Samaria, y habitó en Betel, y les enseñó cómo habían de temer al Señor. 29 Pero cada nación continuó haciendo sus propios dioses, y los pusieron en las casas de los lugares altos que los samaritanos habían hecho(AW), cada nación en las[u] ciudades en que habitaban. 30 Y los hombres de Babilonia hicieron a Sucot-benot; los hombres de Cuta(AX) hicieron a Nergal; los hombres de Hamat hicieron a Asima; 31 y los aveos hicieron a Nibhaz y a Tartac; y los de Sefarvaim quemaban a sus hijos en el fuego(AY) como ofrenda a Adramelec(AZ) y Anamelec, dioses de Sefarvaim(BA). 32 También temían al Señor(BB) y nombraron de entre sí[v] sacerdotes de los lugares altos, que oficiaban por ellos en las casas de los lugares altos(BC). 33 Temían al Señor y servían a sus dioses conforme a la costumbre de las naciones de donde habían sido llevados al destierro.

34 Hasta el día de hoy siguen haciendo conforme a sus antiguas costumbres. No temen al Señor, ni siguen[w] sus estatutos ni sus ordenanzas ni la ley ni el mandamiento que el Señor había ordenado a los hijos de Jacob, a quien puso el nombre de Israel(BD), 35 con los cuales el Señor hizo un pacto y les ordenó, diciendo: No temeréis a otros dioses(BE) ni os inclinaréis ante ellos, no los serviréis ni les ofreceréis sacrificios(BF). 36 Sino que al Señor, que os hizo subir de la tierra de Egipto(BG) con gran poder y con brazo extendido(BH), a Él temeréis y ante Él os inclinaréis(BI) y a Él ofreceréis sacrificios. 37 Y los estatutos, las ordenanzas, la ley y el mandamiento que Él os escribió(BJ), cuidaréis de cumplirlos siempre, y no temeréis a otros dioses. 38 Y el pacto que he hecho con vosotros, no lo olvidaréis, ni temeréis a otros dioses(BK). 39 Sino que al Señor vuestro Dios temeréis, y Él os librará de la mano de todos vuestros enemigos. 40 Pero ellos no escucharon, sino que hicieron conforme a su antigua costumbre. 41 Y aunque estas naciones temían al Señor, también servían a sus ídolos[x](BL); y de la misma manera que hicieron sus padres, así hacen hasta hoy sus hijos y sus nietos.

Footnotes

  1. 2 Reyes 17:4 Lit., en
  2. 2 Reyes 17:7 Lit., Y
  3. 2 Reyes 17:7 Lit., hecho subir
  4. 2 Reyes 17:8 Lit., los estatutos
  5. 2 Reyes 17:8 Lit., hecho
  6. 2 Reyes 17:9 O, pronunciaron palabras
  7. 2 Reyes 17:10 I.e., símbolos de madera de una deidad femenina
  8. 2 Reyes 17:13 Lit., mano
  9. 2 Reyes 17:14 Lit., como la cerviz de
  10. 2 Reyes 17:16 I.e., símbolo de madera de una deidad femenina
  11. 2 Reyes 17:17 O, se vendieron para
  12. 2 Reyes 17:19 Lit., También Judá no
  13. 2 Reyes 17:19 Lit., los estatutos
  14. 2 Reyes 17:19 Lit., de Israel que ellos habían hecho
  15. 2 Reyes 17:20 Lit., simiente
  16. 2 Reyes 17:21 Lit., pecar
  17. 2 Reyes 17:23 Lit., mano
  18. 2 Reyes 17:24 En 2 Rey. 18:34, Iva
  19. 2 Reyes 17:27 Lit., al destierro desde allí
  20. 2 Reyes 17:27 Lit., ellos vayan y habiten
  21. 2 Reyes 17:29 Lit., sus
  22. 2 Reyes 17:32 Lit., se hicieron para sí de entre ellos
  23. 2 Reyes 17:34 Lit., ni hacen conforme a
  24. 2 Reyes 17:41 O, imágenes talladas

Israel’s King Hoshea

17 In the twelfth year of Judah’s King Ahaz, Hoshea(A) son of Elah became king over Israel in Samaria, and he reigned nine years. He did what was evil in the Lord’s sight, but not like the kings of Israel who preceded him.(B)

King Shalmaneser(C) of Assyria attacked him,(D) and Hoshea became his vassal and paid him tribute. But the king of Assyria caught Hoshea in a conspiracy: He had sent envoys to So king of Egypt(E) and had not paid tribute to the king of Assyria as in previous years.[a] Therefore the king of Assyria arrested him and put him in prison. The king of Assyria invaded the whole land, marched up to Samaria, and besieged it for three years.(F)

The Fall of Samaria

In the ninth year of Hoshea,(G) the king of Assyria captured Samaria. He deported(H) the Israelites to Assyria and settled them in Halah, along the Habor (Gozan’s river), and in the cities of the Medes.(I)

Why Israel Fell

This disaster happened because the people of Israel sinned against the Lord their God who had brought them out of the land of Egypt from the power of Pharaoh king of Egypt(J) and because they worshiped[b] other gods.(K) They lived according to the customs of the nations that the Lord had dispossessed before the Israelites(L) and according to what the kings of Israel did.(M) The Israelites secretly did things[c] against the Lord their God that were not right. They built high places in all their towns from watchtower(N) to fortified city. 10 They set up for themselves sacred pillars(O) and Asherah poles(P) on every high hill and under every green tree.(Q) 11 They burned incense there on all the high places just like the nations that the Lord had driven out before them had done. They did evil things, angering the Lord. 12 They served idols, although the Lord had told them, “You must not do this.”(R) 13 Still, the Lord warned(S) Israel and Judah through every prophet and every seer, saying, “Turn from your evil ways and keep my commands and statutes according to the whole law I commanded your ancestors and sent to you through my servants the prophets.”(T)

14 But they would not listen. Instead they became obstinate like[d] their ancestors who did not believe the Lord their God.(U) 15 They rejected his statutes and his covenant he had made with their ancestors(V) and the warnings he had given them. They followed worthless idols and became worthless themselves,(W) following the surrounding nations the Lord had commanded them not to imitate.(X)

16 They abandoned all the commands of the Lord their God. They made cast images(Y) for themselves, two calves, and an Asherah pole.(Z) They bowed in worship to all the stars in the sky(AA) and served Baal.(AB) 17 They sacrificed their sons and daughters in the fire[e](AC) and practiced divination and interpreted omens.(AD) They devoted themselves to do what was evil in the Lord’s sight and angered him.(AE)

18 Therefore, the Lord was very angry with Israel, and he removed them from his presence.(AF) Only the tribe of Judah remained.(AG) 19 Even Judah did not keep the commands of the Lord their God(AH) but lived according to the customs Israel had practiced.(AI) 20 So the Lord rejected all the descendants of Israel, punished them, and handed them over to plunderers until he had banished them from his presence.(AJ)

Summary of Israel’s History

21 When the Lord tore(AK) Israel from the house of David, Israel made Jeroboam son of Nebat king.(AL) Then Jeroboam led Israel away from following the Lord and caused them to commit grave sin. 22 The Israelites persisted in all the sins that Jeroboam committed and did not turn away from them.(AM) 23 Finally, the Lord removed Israel from his presence just as he had declared through all his servants the prophets. So Israel has been exiled to Assyria from their homeland to this very day.(AN)

Foreign Refugees in Israel

24 Then the king of Assyria brought people from Babylon, Cuthah, Avva, Hamath, and Sepharvaim and settled them in place of the Israelites in the cities of Samaria. The settlers took possession of Samaria and lived in its cities.(AO) 25 When they first lived there, they did not fear the Lord. So the Lord sent lions among them, which killed some of them.(AP) 26 The settlers said to the king of Assyria, “The nations that you have deported and placed in the cities of Samaria do not know the requirements of the god of the land. Therefore he has sent lions among them that are killing them because the people don’t know the requirements of the god of the land.”

27 Then the king of Assyria issued a command: “Send back one of the priests you deported.(AQ) Have him go and live there so he can teach them the requirements of the god of the land.” 28 So one of the priests they had deported came and lived in Bethel,(AR) and he began to teach them how they should fear the Lord.

29 But the people of each nation were still making their own gods in the cities where they lived and putting them in the shrines of the high places that the people of Samaria had made.(AS) 30 The men of Babylon made Succoth-benoth, the men of Cuth made Nergal, the men of Hamath made Ashima, 31 the Avvites made Nibhaz and Tartak, and the Sepharvites burned their children in the fire(AT) to Adrammelech and Anammelech, the gods of Sepharvaim. 32 They feared the Lord, but they also made from their ranks priests for the high places, who were working for them at the shrines of the high places.(AU) 33 They feared the Lord, but they also worshiped their own gods(AV) according to the practice of the nations from which they had been deported.

34 They are still observing the former practices to this day. None of them fear the Lord or observe the statutes and ordinances, the law and commandments that the Lord had commanded the descendants of Jacob, whom he had given the name Israel.(AW) 35 The Lord made a covenant with Jacob’s descendants and commanded them, “Do not fear other gods; do not bow in worship to them;(AX) do not serve them; do not sacrifice to them.(AY) 36 Instead fear the Lord, who brought you up from the land of Egypt with great power(AZ) and an outstretched arm.(BA) You are to bow down to him, and you are to sacrifice to him. 37 You are to be careful always(BB) to observe the statutes, the ordinances, the law, and the commandments he wrote for you; do not fear other gods. 38 Do not forget the covenant that I have made with you.(BC) Do not fear other gods, 39 but fear the Lord your God, and he will rescue you from all your enemies.”(BD)

40 However, these nations would not listen but continued observing their former practices. 41 They feared the Lord but also served their idols. Still today, their children and grandchildren continue doing as their ancestors did.(BE)

Footnotes

  1. 17:4 Lit as year by year
  2. 17:7 Lit feared
  3. 17:9 Or Israelites spoke words
  4. 17:14 Lit they stiffened their neck like the neck of
  5. 17:17 Lit They made their sons and daughters pass through the fire

17 In the twelfth year of Ahaz king of Judah began Hoshea the son of Elah to reign in Samaria over Israel, and reigned nine years. And he did that which was evil in the sight of Jehovah, yet not as the kings of Israel that were before him. Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria; and Hoshea became his servant, and brought him tribute. And the king of Assyria found conspiracy in Hoshea; for he had sent messengers to So king of Egypt, and offered no tribute to the king of Assyria, as he had done year by year: therefore the king of Assyria shut him up, and bound him in prison. Then the king of Assyria came up throughout all the land, and went up to Samaria, and besieged it three years. In the ninth year of Hoshea the king of Assyria took Samaria, and carried Israel away unto Assyria, and placed them in Halah, and on the Habor, the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes.

And it was so, because the children of Israel had sinned against Jehovah their God, who brought them up out of the land of Egypt from under the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and had feared other gods, and walked in the statutes of the nations, whom Jehovah cast out from before the children of Israel, and of the kings of Israel, which they [a]made. And the children of Israel did secretly things that were not right against Jehovah their God: and they built them high places in all their cities, from the tower of the watchmen to the fortified city; 10 and they set them up [b]pillars and Asherim upon every high hill, and under every green tree; 11 and there they burnt incense in all the high places, as did the nations whom Jehovah carried away before them; and they wrought wicked things to provoke Jehovah to anger; 12 and they served idols, whereof Jehovah had said unto them, Ye shall not do this thing. 13 Yet Jehovah testified unto Israel, and unto Judah, by every prophet, and every seer, saying, Turn ye from your evil ways, and keep my commandments and my statutes, according to all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by my servants the prophets. 14 Notwithstanding, they would not hear, but hardened their neck, like to the neck of their fathers, who believed not in Jehovah their God. 15 And they rejected his statutes, and his covenant that he made with their fathers, and his testimonies which he testified unto them; and they followed vanity, and became vain, and went after the nations that were round about them, concerning whom Jehovah had charged them that they should not do like them. 16 And they forsook all the commandments of Jehovah their God, and made them molten images, even two calves, and made an Asherah, and worshipped all the host of heaven, and served Baal. 17 And they caused their sons and their daughters to pass through the fire, and used divination and enchantments, and sold themselves to do that which was evil in the sight of Jehovah, to provoke him to anger. 18 Therefore Jehovah was very angry with Israel, and removed them out of his sight: there was none left but the tribe of Judah only.

19 Also Judah kept not the commandments of Jehovah their God, but walked in the statutes of Israel which they [c]made. 20 And Jehovah rejected all the seed of Israel, and afflicted them, and delivered them into the hand of spoilers, until he had cast them out of his sight. 21 For he rent Israel from the house of David; and they made Jeroboam the son of Nebat king: and Jeroboam [d]drove Israel from following Jehovah, and made them sin a great sin. 22 And the children of Israel walked in all the sins of Jeroboam which he did; they departed not from them; 23 until Jehovah removed Israel out of his sight, as he spake by all his servants the prophets. So Israel was carried away out of their own land to Assyria unto this day.

24 And the king of Assyria brought men from Babylon, and from Cuthah, and from Avva, and from Hamath and Sepharvaim, and placed them in the cities of Samaria instead of the children of Israel; and they possessed Samaria, and dwelt in the cities thereof. 25 And so it was, at the beginning of their dwelling there, that they feared not Jehovah: therefore Jehovah sent lions among them, which killed some of them. 26 Wherefore they spake to the king of Assyria, saying, The nations which thou hast carried away, and placed in the cities of Samaria, know not the law of the god of the land: therefore he hath sent lions among them, and, behold, they slay them, because they know not the law of the god of the land.

27 Then the king of Assyria commanded, saying, Carry thither one of the priests whom ye brought from thence; and let them go and dwell there, and let him teach them the law of the god of the land. 28 So one of the priests whom they had carried away from Samaria came and dwelt in Beth-el, and taught them how they should fear Jehovah. 29 Howbeit every nation made gods of their own, and put them in the houses of the high places which the Samaritans had made, every nation in their cities wherein they dwelt. 30 And the men of Babylon made Succoth-benoth, and the men of Cuth made Nergal, and the men of Hamath made Ashima, 31 and the Avvites made Nibhaz and Tartak; and the Sepharvites burnt their children in the fire to Adrammelech and Anammelech, the [e]gods of Sepharvaim. 32 So they feared Jehovah, and made unto them from among themselves priests of the high places, who sacrificed for them in the houses of the high places. 33 They feared Jehovah, and served their own gods, after the manner of the nations from among whom they had been carried away.

34 Unto this day they do after the former manner: they fear not Jehovah, neither do they after their statutes, or after their ordinances, or after the law or after the commandment which Jehovah commanded the children of Jacob, whom he named Israel; 35 with whom Jehovah had made a covenant, and charged them, saying, Ye shall not fear other gods, nor bow yourselves to them, nor serve them, nor sacrifice to them: 36 but Jehovah, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt with great power and with an outstretched arm, him shall ye fear, and unto him shall ye bow yourselves, and to him shall ye sacrifice: 37 and the statutes and the ordinances, and the law and the commandment, which he wrote for you, ye shall observe to do for evermore; and ye shall not fear other gods: 38 and the covenant that I have made with you ye shall not forget; neither shall ye fear other gods: 39 but Jehovah your God shall ye fear; and he will deliver you out of the hand of all your enemies. 40 Howbeit they did not hearken, but they did after their former manner. 41 So these nations feared Jehovah, and served their graven images; their children likewise, and their children’s children, as did their fathers, so do they unto this day.

Footnotes

  1. 2 Kings 17:8 Or, practised
  2. 2 Kings 17:10 Or, obelisks
  3. 2 Kings 17:19 Or, practised
  4. 2 Kings 17:21 According to another reading, drew Israel away.
  5. 2 Kings 17:31 Or, god