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蛙灾

耶和华对摩西说:“你到法老那里去,对他说:‘耶和华这样说:“让我的人民离开这里,使他们可以事奉我。 如果你拒绝让他们离开这里,看哪,我必用青蛙击打你的全境。 河里必滋生青蛙;青蛙必上来,进到你的宫殿和卧房里去,跳上你的床,进你臣仆的房屋,跳上你人民的身上,进你的炉子和抟面盆。 青蛙也必跳上你、你的人民和臣仆的身上。”’”(本章第1~4节在《马索拉文本》为7:26~29)

耶和华对摩西说:“你要对亚伦说把手中的杖伸在江、河、池之上,使青蛙上到埃及地来。”(本节在《马索拉文本》为8:1) 亚伦把手一伸在埃及的众水之上,青蛙就上来了,并且遮盖了埃及地。 众术士也用他们的巫术照样行了,使青蛙上了埃及地来。

法老把摩西和亚伦召了来,说:“请你们恳求耶和华,好叫他使青蛙离开我和我的人民,我就必让这人民离开这里,使他们可以向耶和华献祭。” 摩西回答法老:“请指示,我要在甚么时候为你和你的臣仆,以及你的人民,恳求耶和华除灭青蛙,使青蛙离开你和你的宫殿,只留在河里呢?”

10 法老说:“明天。”摩西回答:“就照着你的话行吧,好叫你知道没有神像耶和华我们的 神。 11 青蛙必离开你和你的宫殿、你的臣仆和你的人民,只留在河里。” 12 于是,摩西和亚伦离开法老走了出来;摩西为了耶和华加在法老身上青蛙的灾害向耶和华呼求。 13 耶和华就照着摩西的话行了;在房屋里、院子里和田野中的青蛙都死了。 14 有人把青蛙一堆一堆积聚起来,那地就发臭了。 15 法老一见灾祸平息了,就心里刚硬,不肯听他们的话,就像耶和华所说的。

虱灾

16 耶和华对摩西说:“你要对亚伦说:‘伸出你的手杖,击打地上的尘土,使尘土在埃及全地都变成虱子。’” 17 他们就这样行了;亚伦伸出手中的杖,击打地上的尘土,就在人身上和牲畜身上有了虱子;埃及全地所有地上的尘土都变成了虱子。 18 众术士也用他们的巫术照样行,要生出虱子来,却不能办到;所以在人身上和牲畜身上都有虱子。 19 众术士就对法老说:“这是 神的手指头。”法老却心里刚硬,不肯听摩西和亚伦,就像耶和华所说的。

蝇灾

20 耶和华对摩西说:“你要清早起来,站在法老面前;看哪,法老到水边来的时候,你要对他说:‘耶和华这样说:你要让我的人民离开这里,使他们可以事奉我。 21 如果你不让我的人民离开这里,看哪,我必叫苍蝇落在你和你臣仆,以及人民的身上,进到你的宫殿;埃及人的房屋都必充满苍蝇,他们所在的地方也是这样。 22 那日,我必把我人民居住的地方歌珊分别出来,使那里没有苍蝇,为要使你知道在全地上只有我是耶和华。 23 我必把我的人民和你的人民分别出来(按照《马索拉文本》,“分别出来”作“设定救赎”;两者在原文非常相似,现参照《七十士译本》等古译本翻译),明天必有这神迹。’” 24 耶和华就这样行了;无数的苍蝇进了法老的宫殿和他臣仆的房屋,并且遍布埃及全地;那地就因为苍蝇的缘故毁坏了。

25 法老把摩西和亚伦召了来,对他们说:“你们去,在这地献祭给你们的 神吧。” 26 摩西回答:“决不可以这样行,因为我们要把埃及人看为可憎的祭物献给耶和华我们的 神;如果我们把埃及人看为可憎的祭物在他们眼前献上,难道他们不拿石头打死我们吗? 27 我们要走三天的路程进到旷野,好照着耶和华吩咐我们的,向耶和华我们的 神献祭。” 28 法老回答:“我必让你们离开这里,你们可以在旷野献祭给耶和华你们的 神,只是你们不可走得太远;请你们为我祈祷。” 29 摩西说:“看哪,我要离开你出去,祈求耶和华,使苍蝇明天可以离开法老和法老的臣仆,以及法老的人民,只是不可再行欺骗,不让以色列人离开这里去献祭给耶和华。” 30 于是,摩西从法老那里出来,去祈求耶和华。 31 耶和华就照着摩西的话行了,使苍蝇离开了法老和他的臣仆,以及他的人民,连一只也没有留下。 32 可是,这一次法老还是心里刚硬,不肯让以色列人离开。

La plaga de ranas

Entonces Jehová dijo a Moisés: Entra a la presencia de Faraón y dile: Jehová ha dicho así: Deja ir a mi pueblo, para que me sirva. Y si no lo quisieres dejar ir, he aquí yo castigaré con ranas todos tus territorios. Y el río criará ranas, las cuales subirán y entrarán en tu casa, en la cámara donde duermes, y sobre tu cama, y en las casas de tus siervos, en tu pueblo, en tus hornos y en tus artesas. Y las ranas subirán sobre ti, sobre tu pueblo, y sobre todos tus siervos. Y Jehová dijo a Moisés: Di a Aarón: Extiende tu mano con tu vara sobre los ríos, arroyos y estanques, para que haga subir ranas sobre la tierra de Egipto. Entonces Aarón extendió su mano sobre las aguas de Egipto, y subieron ranas que cubrieron la tierra de Egipto. Y los hechiceros hicieron lo mismo con sus encantamientos, e hicieron venir ranas sobre la tierra de Egipto.

Entonces Faraón llamó a Moisés y a Aarón, y les dijo: Orad a Jehová para que quite las ranas de mí y de mi pueblo, y dejaré ir a tu pueblo para que ofrezca sacrificios a Jehová. Y dijo Moisés a Faraón: Dígnate indicarme cuándo debo orar por ti, por tus siervos y por tu pueblo, para que las ranas sean quitadas de ti y de tus casas, y que solamente queden en el río. 10 Y él dijo: Mañana. Y Moisés respondió: Se hará conforme a tu palabra, para que conozcas que no hay como Jehová nuestro Dios. 11 Y las ranas se irán de ti, y de tus casas, de tus siervos y de tu pueblo, y solamente quedarán en el río. 12 Entonces salieron Moisés y Aarón de la presencia de Faraón. Y clamó Moisés a Jehová tocante a las ranas que había mandado a Faraón. 13 E hizo Jehová conforme a la palabra de Moisés, y murieron las ranas de las casas, de los cortijos y de los campos. 14 Y las juntaron en montones, y apestaba la tierra. 15 Pero viendo Faraón que le habían dado reposo, endureció su corazón y no los escuchó, como Jehová lo había dicho.

La plaga de piojos

16 Entonces Jehová dijo a Moisés: Di a Aarón: Extiende tu vara y golpea el polvo de la tierra, para que se vuelva piojos por todo el país de Egipto. 17 Y ellos lo hicieron así; y Aarón extendió su mano con su vara, y golpeó el polvo de la tierra, el cual se volvió piojos, así en los hombres como en las bestias; todo el polvo de la tierra se volvió piojos en todo el país de Egipto. 18 Y los hechiceros hicieron así también, para sacar piojos con sus encantamientos; pero no pudieron. Y hubo piojos tanto en los hombres como en las bestias. 19 Entonces los hechiceros dijeron a Faraón: Dedo de Dios es este. Mas el corazón de Faraón se endureció, y no los escuchó, como Jehová lo había dicho.

La plaga de moscas

20 Jehová dijo a Moisés: Levántate de mañana y ponte delante de Faraón, he aquí él sale al río; y dile: Jehová ha dicho así: Deja ir a mi pueblo, para que me sirva. 21 Porque si no dejas ir a mi pueblo, he aquí yo enviaré sobre ti, sobre tus siervos, sobre tu pueblo y sobre tus casas toda clase de moscas; y las casas de los egipcios se llenarán de toda clase de moscas, y asimismo la tierra donde ellos estén. 22 Y aquel día yo apartaré la tierra de Gosén, en la cual habita mi pueblo, para que ninguna clase de moscas haya en ella, a fin de que sepas que yo soy Jehová en medio de la tierra. 23 Y yo pondré redención entre mi pueblo y el tuyo. Mañana será esta señal. 24 Y Jehová lo hizo así, y vino toda clase de moscas molestísimas sobre la casa de Faraón, sobre las casas de sus siervos, y sobre todo el país de Egipto; y la tierra fue corrompida a causa de ellas.

25 Entonces Faraón llamó a Moisés y a Aarón, y les dijo: Andad, ofreced sacrificio a vuestro Dios en la tierra. 26 Y Moisés respondió: No conviene que hagamos así, porque ofreceríamos a Jehová nuestro Dios la abominación de los egipcios. He aquí, si sacrificáramos la abominación de los egipcios delante de ellos, ¿no nos apedrearían? 27 Camino de tres días iremos por el desierto, y ofreceremos sacrificios a Jehová nuestro Dios, como él nos dirá. 28 Dijo Faraón: Yo os dejaré ir para que ofrezcáis sacrificios a Jehová vuestro Dios en el desierto, con tal que no vayáis más lejos; orad por mí. 29 Y respondió Moisés: He aquí, al salir yo de tu presencia, rogaré a Jehová que las diversas clases de moscas se vayan de Faraón, y de sus siervos, y de su pueblo mañana; con tal que Faraón no falte más, no dejando ir al pueblo a dar sacrificio a Jehová. 30 Entonces Moisés salió de la presencia de Faraón, y oró a Jehová. 31 Y Jehová hizo conforme a la palabra de Moisés, y quitó todas aquellas moscas de Faraón, de sus siervos y de su pueblo, sin que quedara una. 32 Mas Faraón endureció aun esta vez su corazón, y no dejó ir al pueblo.

Chapter 8

The Lord then spoke to Moses: Speak to Aaron: Stretch out your hand with your staff over the streams, the canals, and the ponds, and make frogs overrun the land of Egypt. So Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt, and the frogs came up and covered the land of Egypt. But the magicians did the same by their magic arts and made frogs overrun the land of Egypt.

Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Pray to the Lord to remove the frogs from me and my people, and I will let the people go to sacrifice to the Lord.” Moses answered Pharaoh, “Please designate for me the time when I am to pray for you and your servants and your people, to get rid of the frogs from you and your houses. They will be left only in the Nile.” “Tomorrow,” he said. Then Moses replied, “It will be as you have said, so that you may know that there is none like the Lord, our God. The frogs will leave you and your houses, your servants and your people; they will be left only in the Nile.”

After Moses and Aaron left Pharaoh’s presence, Moses cried out to the Lord on account of the frogs that he had inflicted on Pharaoh; and the Lord did as Moses had asked. The frogs died off in the houses, the courtyards, and the fields. 10 Heaps of them were piled up, and the land stank. 11 But when Pharaoh saw there was a respite, he became obstinate and would not listen to them, just as the Lord had said.

Third Plague: The Gnats. 12 Thereupon the Lord spoke to Moses: Speak to Aaron: Stretch out your staff and strike the dust of the earth, and it will turn into gnats[a](A) throughout the land of Egypt. 13 They did so. Aaron stretched out his hand with his staff and struck the dust of the earth, and gnats came upon human being and beast alike. All the dust of the earth turned into gnats throughout the land of Egypt. 14 Though the magicians did the same thing to produce gnats by their magic arts, they could not do so.(B) The gnats were on human being and beast alike, 15 and the magicians said to Pharaoh, “This is the finger of God.”[b] Yet Pharaoh hardened his heart and would not listen to them, just as the Lord had said.

Fourth Plague: The Flies. 16 Then the Lord spoke to Moses: Early tomorrow morning present yourself to Pharaoh when he sets out toward the water, and say to him: Thus says the Lord: Let my people go to serve me. 17 For if you do not let my people go, I will send swarms of flies upon you and your servants and your people and your houses. The houses of the Egyptians and the very ground on which they stand will be filled with swarms of flies. 18 But on that day I will make an exception of the land of Goshen, where my people are, and no swarms of flies will be there, so that you may know that I the Lord am in the midst of the land. 19 I will make a distinction[c] between my people and your people. This sign will take place tomorrow. 20 This the Lord did. Thick swarms of flies entered the house of Pharaoh and the houses of his servants; throughout Egypt the land was devastated on account of the swarms of flies.(C)

21 Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Go sacrifice to your God within the land.” 22 But Moses replied, “It is not right to do so, for what we sacrifice to the Lord, our God, is abhorrent to the Egyptians.[d] If we sacrifice what is abhorrent to the Egyptians before their very eyes, will they not stone us? 23 We must go a three days’ journey in the wilderness and sacrifice to the Lord, our God, as he commands us.” 24 Pharaoh said, “I will let you go to sacrifice to the Lord, your God, in the wilderness, provided that you do not go too far away. Pray for me.” 25 Moses answered, “As soon as I leave you I will pray to the Lord that the swarms of flies may depart tomorrow from Pharaoh, his servants, and his people. Pharaoh, however, must not act deceitfully again and refuse to let the people go to sacrifice to the Lord.” 26 When Moses left Pharaoh, he prayed to the Lord; 27 and the Lord did as Moses had asked, removing the swarms of flies from Pharaoh, his servants, and his people. Not one remained. 28 But once more Pharaoh became obstinate and would not let the people go.

Footnotes

  1. 8:12, 17 Gnats, flies: it is uncertain what species of troublesome insects are meant here in vv. 12–14 and then in vv. 17–27, the identification as “gnat” (vv. 12–14) and as “fly” (vv. 17–27) being based on the rendering of the Septuagint. Others suggest “lice” in vv. 12–14, while rabbinic literature renders Hebrew ‘arob in vv. 17–27 as a “mixture of wild animals.” In the Hebrew of the Old Testament, the word occurs only in the context of the plagues (see also Ps 78:45 and 105:31).
  2. 8:15 The finger of God: previously the magicians had, for the most part, been able to replicate the signs and wonders Moses performed to manifest God’s power—turning their staffs into snakes (7:11–12), turning water into blood (7:22), and producing frogs to overrun the land of Egypt (8:3). But now for the first time they are unable to compete, and confess a power greater than their own is at work. Cf. Lk 11:20.
  3. 8:19 A distinction: while some uncertainty surrounds the Hebrew here rendered as “distinction,” it is clear that now the Israelites begin to be set apart from the Egyptians, a separation that reaches a climax in the death of the Egyptian firstborn (11:7).
  4. 8:22 Perhaps Moses is deceiving the Pharaoh much like the “God-fearing” midwives (1:16–20), although ancient historians writing about Egypt some time after the period in which the exodus is set do note Egyptian prohibitions on sacrificing cattle or slaughtering sacred animals. As such, the Egyptians might well have fiercely resented certain sacrificial practices of the Israelites. Certain animals were held sacred in Egypt, as the representations of various deities.

[a]Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord says: Let my people go, so that they may worship(A) me. If you refuse to let them go, I will send a plague of frogs(B) on your whole country. The Nile will teem with frogs. They will come up into your palace and your bedroom and onto your bed, into the houses of your officials and on your people,(C) and into your ovens and kneading troughs.(D) The frogs will come up on you and your people and all your officials.’”

Then the Lord said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Stretch out your hand with your staff(E) over the streams and canals and ponds, and make frogs(F) come up on the land of Egypt.’”

So Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt, and the frogs(G) came up and covered the land. But the magicians did the same things by their secret arts;(H) they also made frogs come up on the land of Egypt.

Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Pray(I) to the Lord to take the frogs away from me and my people, and I will let your people go to offer sacrifices(J) to the Lord.”

Moses said to Pharaoh, “I leave to you the honor of setting the time(K) for me to pray for you and your officials and your people that you and your houses may be rid of the frogs, except for those that remain in the Nile.”

10 “Tomorrow,” Pharaoh said.

Moses replied, “It will be as you say, so that you may know there is no one like the Lord our God.(L) 11 The frogs will leave you and your houses, your officials and your people; they will remain only in the Nile.”

12 After Moses and Aaron left Pharaoh, Moses cried out to the Lord about the frogs he had brought on Pharaoh. 13 And the Lord did what Moses asked.(M) The frogs died in the houses, in the courtyards and in the fields. 14 They were piled into heaps, and the land reeked of them. 15 But when Pharaoh saw that there was relief,(N) he hardened his heart(O) and would not listen to Moses and Aaron, just as the Lord had said.

The Plague of Gnats

16 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Stretch out your staff(P) and strike the dust of the ground,’ and throughout the land of Egypt the dust will become gnats.” 17 They did this, and when Aaron stretched out his hand with the staff and struck the dust of the ground, gnats(Q) came on people and animals. All the dust throughout the land of Egypt became gnats. 18 But when the magicians(R) tried to produce gnats by their secret arts,(S) they could not.

Since the gnats were on people and animals everywhere, 19 the magicians said to Pharaoh, “This is the finger(T) of God.” But Pharaoh’s heart(U) was hard and he would not listen,(V) just as the Lord had said.

The Plague of Flies

20 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning(W) and confront Pharaoh as he goes to the river and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord says: Let my people go, so that they may worship(X) me. 21 If you do not let my people go, I will send swarms of flies on you and your officials, on your people and into your houses. The houses of the Egyptians will be full of flies; even the ground will be covered with them.

22 “‘But on that day I will deal differently with the land of Goshen,(Y) where my people live;(Z) no swarms of flies will be there, so that you will know(AA) that I, the Lord, am in this land. 23 I will make a distinction[b] between my people and your people.(AB) This sign will occur tomorrow.’”

24 And the Lord did this. Dense swarms of flies poured into Pharaoh’s palace and into the houses of his officials; throughout Egypt the land was ruined by the flies.(AC)

25 Then Pharaoh summoned(AD) Moses and Aaron and said, “Go, sacrifice to your God here in the land.”

26 But Moses said, “That would not be right. The sacrifices we offer the Lord our God would be detestable to the Egyptians.(AE) And if we offer sacrifices that are detestable in their eyes, will they not stone us? 27 We must take a three-day journey(AF) into the wilderness to offer sacrifices(AG) to the Lord our God, as he commands us.”

28 Pharaoh said, “I will let you go to offer sacrifices to the Lord your God in the wilderness, but you must not go very far. Now pray(AH) for me.”

29 Moses answered, “As soon as I leave you, I will pray to the Lord, and tomorrow the flies will leave Pharaoh and his officials and his people. Only let Pharaoh be sure that he does not act deceitfully(AI) again by not letting the people go to offer sacrifices to the Lord.”

30 Then Moses left Pharaoh and prayed to the Lord,(AJ) 31 and the Lord did what Moses asked. The flies left Pharaoh and his officials and his people; not a fly remained. 32 But this time also Pharaoh hardened his heart(AK) and would not let the people go.

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 8:1 In Hebrew texts 8:1-4 is numbered 7:26-29, and 8:5-32 is numbered 8:1-28.
  2. Exodus 8:23 Septuagint and Vulgate; Hebrew will put a deliverance