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赔偿的条例

22 “人若偷牛或羊,无论是宰了或卖了,他就要以五牛赔一牛, 四羊赔一羊。 贼挖洞,若被发现而被打死,打的人没有流血的罪。 若太阳已经出来,打的人就有流血的罪。贼总要赔偿,若他一无所有,就要被卖来还他所偷的东西。 若发现他所偷的,无论是牛、驴,或羊,在他手中还活着,他就要加倍赔偿。

“人若在田间或葡萄园里牧放牲畜,任凭牲畜上别人田里去吃[a],他就要拿自己田间和葡萄园里上好的赔偿。

“若火冒出,延烧到荆棘,以致将堆积的禾捆,直立的庄稼,或田地,都烧尽了,那点火的必要赔偿。

“人若将银钱或物件托邻舍保管,东西从这人的家中被偷去,若找到了贼,贼要加倍赔偿; 若找不到贼,这家的主人就要到审判官[b]那里,声明[c]自己没有伸手拿邻舍的物件。

“关于任何侵害的案件,无论是为牛、驴、羊、衣服,或任何失物,有一人说:‘这是我的’,双方就要将案件带到审判官面前,审判官定谁有罪,谁就要加倍赔偿给他的邻舍。

10 “人将驴、牛、羊,或别的牲畜托邻舍看管,若牲畜死亡,受了伤,或被抢走,无人看见, 11 双方要在耶和华前起誓,受托人要表明自己没有伸手拿邻舍的东西,原主要接受誓言,受托人不必赔偿。 12 牲畜若从受托人那里被偷去,他就要赔偿原主; 13 若被野兽撕碎,受托人要带回来作证据,被撕碎的就不必赔偿。

14 “人若向邻舍借牲畜[d],所借的或伤或死,原主没有在场,借的人总要赔偿。 15 若原主在场,借的人不必赔偿;若是租用的,只要付租金[e]。”

道德和宗教的条例

16 “人若引诱没有订婚的处女,与她同寝,他就必须交出聘礼,娶她为妻。 17 若女子的父亲坚决不将女子给他,他就要按着处女的聘礼交出钱来。

18 “行邪术的女人,不可让她存活。

19 “凡与兽交合的,必被处死。

20 “向别神献祭,不单单献给耶和华的,那人必要灭绝。

21 “不可亏待寄居的,也不可欺压他,因为你们在埃及地也作过寄居的。 22 不可苛待寡妇和孤儿; 23 若你确实苛待他,他向我苦苦哀求,我一定会听他的呼求, 24 并要发烈怒,用刀杀你们,使你们的妻子成为寡妇,儿女成为孤儿。

25 “我的子民中有困苦人在你那里,你若借钱给他,不可如放债的向他取利息。 26 你果真拿了邻舍的外衣作抵押,也要在日落前还给他; 27 因为他只有这一件用来作被子,是他蔽体的衣服。他还可以拿什么睡觉呢?当他哀求我,我就应允,因为我是有恩惠的。

28 “不可毁谤 神;也不可诅咒你百姓的领袖。

29 “不可迟延献你的庄稼、酒和油[f]

“要将你头生的儿子归给我。 30 你的牛羊也要照样做:七天当跟着它母亲,第八天你要把它归给我。

31 “你们要分别为圣归给我。因此,田间被野兽撕裂的肉,你们不可吃,要把它丢给狗。”

Footnotes

  1. 22.5 “去吃”:七十士译本是“去吃,他要拿自己田里的作物来赔偿;倘若牲畜把整片作物吃光了”。
  2. 22.8 “审判官”或译“ 神”;9节同。
  3. 22.8 “声明”或译“宣誓作证”。
  4. 22.14 原文没有“牲畜”。
  5. 22.15 “只要付租金”:原文是“它来是为了租金”。
  6. 22.29 “你的庄稼、酒和油”:原文直译“你的丰收和你的汁液”。
'出 埃 及 記 22 ' not found for the version: Chinese New Testament: Easy-to-Read Version.

22 If a man shall steal an ox, or a sheep, and kill it, or sell it; he shall restore five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep.

If a thief be found breaking up, and be smitten that he die, there shall no blood be shed for him.

If the sun be risen upon him, there shall be blood shed for him; for he should make full restitution; if he have nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.

If the theft be certainly found in his hand alive, whether it be ox, or ass, or sheep; he shall restore double.

If a man shall cause a field or vineyard to be eaten, and shall put in his beast, and shall feed in another man’s field; of the best of his own field, and of the best of his own vineyard, shall he make restitution.

If fire break out, and catch in thorns, so that the stacks of corn, or the standing corn, or the field, be consumed therewith; he that kindled the fire shall surely make restitution.

If a man shall deliver unto his neighbour money or stuff to keep, and it be stolen out of the man’s house; if the thief be found, let him pay double.

If the thief be not found, then the master of the house shall be brought unto the judges, to see whether he have put his hand unto his neighbour’s goods.

For all manner of trespass, whether it be for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, or for any manner of lost thing, which another challengeth to be his, the cause of both parties shall come before the judges; and whom the judges shall condemn, he shall pay double unto his neighbour.

10 If a man deliver unto his neighbour an ass, or an ox, or a sheep, or any beast, to keep; and it die, or be hurt, or driven away, no man seeing it:

11 Then shall an oath of the Lord be between them both, that he hath not put his hand unto his neighbour’s goods; and the owner of it shall accept thereof, and he shall not make it good.

12 And if it be stolen from him, he shall make restitution unto the owner thereof.

13 If it be torn in pieces, then let him bring it for witness, and he shall not make good that which was torn.

14 And if a man borrow ought of his neighbour, and it be hurt, or die, the owner thereof being not with it, he shall surely make it good.

15 But if the owner thereof be with it, he shall not make it good: if it be an hired thing, it came for his hire.

16 And if a man entice a maid that is not betrothed, and lie with her, he shall surely endow her to be his wife.

17 If her father utterly refuse to give her unto him, he shall pay money according to the dowry of virgins.

18 Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live.

19 Whosoever lieth with a beast shall surely be put to death.

20 He that sacrificeth unto any god, save unto the Lord only, he shall be utterly destroyed.

21 Thou shalt neither vex a stranger, nor oppress him: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.

22 Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child.

23 If thou afflict them in any wise, and they cry at all unto me, I will surely hear their cry;

24 And my wrath shall wax hot, and I will kill you with the sword; and your wives shall be widows, and your children fatherless.

25 If thou lend money to any of my people that is poor by thee, thou shalt not be to him as an usurer, neither shalt thou lay upon him usury.

26 If thou at all take thy neighbour’s raiment to pledge, thou shalt deliver it unto him by that the sun goeth down:

27 For that is his covering only, it is his raiment for his skin: wherein shall he sleep? and it shall come to pass, when he crieth unto me, that I will hear; for I am gracious.

28 Thou shalt not revile the gods, nor curse the ruler of thy people.

29 Thou shalt not delay to offer the first of thy ripe fruits, and of thy liquors: the firstborn of thy sons shalt thou give unto me.

30 Likewise shalt thou do with thine oxen, and with thy sheep: seven days it shall be with his dam; on the eighth day thou shalt give it me.

31 And ye shall be holy men unto me: neither shall ye eat any flesh that is torn of beasts in the field; ye shall cast it to the dogs.

As leis acerca da propriedade

22 Se alguém furtar boi ou ovelha e o degolar ou vender, por um boi pagará cinco bois; e pela ovelha, quatro ovelhas. Se o ladrão for achado a minar, e for ferido, e morrer, o que o feriu não será culpado do sangue. Se o sol houver saído sobre ele, será culpado do sangue. O ladrão fará restituição total; e se não tiver com que pagar, será vendido por seu furto. Se o furto for achado vivo na sua mão, seja boi, ou jumento, ou ovelha, pagará o dobro.

Se alguém fizer pastar o seu animal num campo ou numa vinha e o largar para comer no campo de outro, o melhor do seu próprio campo e o melhor da sua própria vinha restituirá. Se rebentar um fogo, e pegar aos espinhos, e abrasar a meda de trigo, ou a seara, ou o campo, aquele que acendeu o fogo pagará totalmente o queimado.

Se alguém der prata ou objetos ao seu próximo a guardar, e isso for furtado da casa daquele homem, se o ladrão se achar, pagará o dobro. Se o ladrão não se achar, então, o dono da casa será levado diante dos juízes, a ver se não meteu a sua mão na fazenda do seu próximo. Sobre todo negócio de injustiça, sobre boi, sobre jumento, sobre gado miúdo, sobre veste, sobre toda coisa perdida, de que alguém disser que é sua, a causa de ambos virá perante os juízes; aquele a quem condenarem os juízes o pagará em dobro ao seu próximo. 10 Se alguém der a seu próximo a guardar um jumento, ou boi, ou ovelha, ou algum animal, e morrer, ou for dilacerado, ou afugentado, ninguém o vendo, 11 então, haverá juramento do Senhor entre ambos, de que não meteu a sua mão na fazenda do seu próximo; e seu dono o aceitará, e o outro não o restituirá. 12 Mas, se lhe for furtado, o pagará ao seu dono. 13 Porém, se lhe for dilacerado, trá-lo-á em testemunho disso e não pagará o dilacerado. 14 E, se alguém a seu próximo pedir alguma coisa, e for danificada ou morta, não estando presente o seu dono, certamente a restituirá. 15 Se o seu dono esteve presente, não a restituirá; se foi alugada, será pelo seu aluguel.

As leis acerca da imoralidade e da idolatria

16 Se alguém enganar alguma virgem, que não for desposada, e se deitar com ela, certamente a dotará por sua mulher. 17 Se seu pai inteiramente recusar dar-lha, dará dinheiro conforme ao dote das virgens. 18 A feiticeira não deixarás viver. 19 Todo aquele que se deitar com animal certamente morrerá. 20 O que sacrificar aos deuses e não só ao Senhor será morto. 21 O estrangeiro não afligirás, nem o oprimirás; pois estrangeiros fostes na terra do Egito. 22 A nenhuma viúva nem órfão afligireis. 23 Se de alguma maneira os afligirdes, e eles clamarem a mim, eu certamente ouvirei o seu clamor, 24 e a minha ira se acenderá, e vos matarei à espada; e vossas mulheres ficarão viúvas, e vossos filhos, órfãos. 25 Se emprestares dinheiro ao meu povo, ao pobre que está contigo, não te haverás com ele como um usurário; não lhe imporás usura. 26 Se tomares em penhor a veste do teu próximo, lho restituirás antes do pôr do sol, 27 porque aquela é a sua cobertura e a veste da sua pele; em que se deitaria? Será, pois, que, quando clamar a mim, eu o ouvirei, porque sou misericordioso. 28 Os juízes não amaldiçoarás e o príncipe dentre o teu povo não maldirás. 29 As tuas primícias e os teus licores não retardarás; o primogênito de teus filhos me darás. 30 Assim farás dos teus bois e das tuas ovelhas; sete dias estarão com sua mãe, e ao oitavo dia mos darás. 31 E ser-me-eis homens santos; portanto, não comereis carne despedaçada no campo; aos cães a lançareis.

Protection of Property

22 [a]“Whoever steals an ox or a sheep and slaughters it or sells it must pay back(A) five head of cattle for the ox and four sheep for the sheep.

“If a thief is caught breaking in(B) at night and is struck a fatal blow, the defender is not guilty of bloodshed;(C) but if it happens after sunrise, the defender is guilty of bloodshed.

“Anyone who steals must certainly make restitution,(D) but if they have nothing, they must be sold(E) to pay for their theft. If the stolen animal is found alive in their possession(F)—whether ox or donkey or sheep—they must pay back double.(G)

“If anyone grazes their livestock in a field or vineyard and lets them stray and they graze in someone else’s field, the offender must make restitution(H) from the best of their own field or vineyard.

“If a fire breaks out and spreads into thornbushes so that it burns shocks(I) of grain or standing grain or the whole field, the one who started the fire must make restitution.(J)

“If anyone gives a neighbor silver or goods for safekeeping(K) and they are stolen from the neighbor’s house, the thief, if caught, must pay back double.(L) But if the thief is not found, the owner of the house must appear before the judges,(M) and they must[b] determine whether the owner of the house has laid hands on the other person’s property. In all cases of illegal possession of an ox, a donkey, a sheep, a garment, or any other lost property about which somebody says, ‘This is mine,’ both parties are to bring their cases before the judges.[c](N) The one whom the judges declare[d] guilty must pay back double to the other.

10 “If anyone gives a donkey, an ox, a sheep or any other animal to their neighbor for safekeeping(O) and it dies or is injured or is taken away while no one is looking, 11 the issue between them will be settled by the taking of an oath(P) before the Lord that the neighbor did not lay hands on the other person’s property. The owner is to accept this, and no restitution is required. 12 But if the animal was stolen from the neighbor, restitution(Q) must be made to the owner. 13 If it was torn to pieces by a wild animal, the neighbor shall bring in the remains as evidence and shall not be required to pay for the torn animal.(R)

14 “If anyone borrows an animal from their neighbor and it is injured or dies while the owner is not present, they must make restitution.(S) 15 But if the owner is with the animal, the borrower will not have to pay. If the animal was hired, the money paid for the hire covers the loss.(T)

Social Responsibility

16 “If a man seduces a virgin(U) who is not pledged to be married and sleeps with her, he must pay the bride-price,(V) and she shall be his wife. 17 If her father absolutely refuses to give her to him, he must still pay the bride-price for virgins.

18 “Do not allow a sorceress(W) to live.

19 “Anyone who has sexual relations with an animal(X) is to be put to death.

20 “Whoever sacrifices to any god(Y) other than the Lord must be destroyed.[e](Z)

21 “Do not mistreat or oppress a foreigner,(AA) for you were foreigners(AB) in Egypt.

22 “Do not take advantage of the widow or the fatherless.(AC) 23 If you do and they cry out(AD) to me, I will certainly hear their cry.(AE) 24 My anger will be aroused, and I will kill you with the sword; your wives will become widows and your children fatherless.(AF)

25 “If you lend money to one of my people among you who is needy, do not treat it like a business deal; charge no interest.(AG) 26 If you take your neighbor’s cloak as a pledge,(AH) return it by sunset, 27 because that cloak is the only covering your neighbor has. What else can they sleep in?(AI) When they cry out to me, I will hear, for I am compassionate.(AJ)

28 “Do not blaspheme God[f](AK) or curse(AL) the ruler of your people.(AM)

29 “Do not hold back offerings(AN) from your granaries or your vats.[g]

“You must give me the firstborn of your sons.(AO) 30 Do the same with your cattle and your sheep.(AP) Let them stay with their mothers for seven days, but give them to me on the eighth day.(AQ)

31 “You are to be my holy people.(AR) So do not eat the meat of an animal torn by wild beasts;(AS) throw it to the dogs.

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 22:1 In Hebrew texts 22:1 is numbered 21:37, and 22:2-31 is numbered 22:1-30.
  2. Exodus 22:8 Or before God, and he will
  3. Exodus 22:9 Or before God
  4. Exodus 22:9 Or whom God declares
  5. Exodus 22:20 The Hebrew term refers to the irrevocable giving over of things or persons to the Lord, often by totally destroying them.
  6. Exodus 22:28 Or Do not revile the judges
  7. Exodus 22:29 The meaning of the Hebrew for this phrase is uncertain.