出埃及记 22
Chinese New Version (Traditional)
偷竊的賠償條例
22 “如果人偷了牛或是羊，無論是宰了或是賣了，他必須賠償，以五牛還一牛，以四羊還一羊。（本節在《馬索拉文本》為21:37）
2 “竊賊挖窟窿入屋的時候，如果被人發現，把他打了，以致打死，打死人的就沒有流人血的罪。（本節在《馬索拉文本》為22:1） 3 如果太陽出來了，他就有流人血的罪。竊賊必須賠償，如果他一無所有，就要賣身，還他所偷之物。 4 所偷之物，無論是牛、是驢，或是羊，如果發現在他手中仍然活著，他必須雙倍償還。 5 如果有人在田間或葡萄園裡放牲畜吃草，任由牲畜到別人的田裡去吃草，就必須拿自己田間最好的，或自己葡萄園中最好的賠償。
6 “如果火燒起來，燒著了荊棘，以致把別人堆積的禾捆、豎立的莊稼，或是田園都燒盡了，那點火的必須賠償。
7 “如果人把銀子或家中物件交給鄰舍看守，這些東西從那人的家被偷去；如果把竊賊抓到了，竊賊就要雙倍償還。 8 如果找不到竊賊，那家主必要到審判官（“審判官”原文作“ 神”）那裡，查明他有沒有下手拿去鄰舍的財物。 9 任何爭訟的案件，無論是為了牛、驢、羊、衣服，或是甚麼遺失了的東西，如果一方說：‘這是我的’，這樣，雙方的案件就要帶到審判官（“審判官”原文作“ 神”）面前，審判官定誰有罪，誰就要雙倍償還給他的鄰舍。
10 “如果人把驢、牛、羊，或是任何牲畜交給鄰舍看守，牲畜死亡、受傷，或是被趕去，又沒有人看見， 11 兩人必須在耶和華面前起誓，表明他沒有下手拿去鄰舍的財物；如果物主接受那誓言，看守的人就不必賠償。 12 如果牲畜真的從看守的人那裡被偷去，他就要賠償給物主。 13 如果真的被野獸撕碎了，看守的人就要把被撕碎的帶來作證據，這樣，他就不必賠償。
14 “如果人向鄰舍借甚麼，所借的無論是受了傷，或是死了，物主不在場，借的人就必須償還。 15 如果物主在場，他就不必償還；若是雇來的，也不必償還，因為他為雇價來的。
保障人權的條例
16 “如果人引誘還沒有許配人的處女，與她同寢，他必須交出聘禮，娶她為妻。 17 如果處女的父親堅決不肯把女兒嫁給他，他就要按照處女的聘禮，交出聘銀來。
18 “不可讓行巫術的女人活著。
19 “凡與牲畜同寢的，那人必須處死。
20 “除了獨一的耶和華以外，還獻祭給別神的，那人必須滅絕。 21 不可欺負寄居的，也不可壓迫他，因為你們在埃及地也作過寄居的。 22 不可苦待任何孤兒寡婦。 23 如果你們真的苦待他們，他們一向我呼求，我必定聽他們的呼求， 24 並且我要發怒，用刀殺死你們，使你們的妻子成為寡婦，你們的兒女成為孤兒。
25 “如果你借錢給我的人民，就是與你們在一起的窮人，你對待他們不可像放債的人一樣，不可在他們身上取利。 26 如果你拿了鄰居的衣服作抵押，必須在日落之前歸還給他。 27 因為這是他唯一的鋪蓋，是他蔽體的衣服；如果沒有了它，他拿甚麼睡覺呢？如果他向我呼求，我必應允，因為我是滿有恩惠的。
28 “不可咒罵 神，也不可咒詛你人民的領袖。 29 要把你豐收的五穀和初榨的新酒獻上，不可遲延；要把你頭生的兒子獻給我。 30 對於牛羊頭生的，你也要這樣作；七天之內，可以和母的在一起，第八天就要把牠獻給我。 31 你們要歸我作聖潔的人；因此田間被野獸撕碎的肉，你們不可以吃，要把它丟給狗吃。”
Exodus 22
New English Translation
Laws about Property
22 [a] (21:37)[b] “If a man steals an ox or a sheep and kills it or sells it, he must pay back[c] five head of cattle for the ox, and four sheep for the one sheep.[d]
2 “If a thief is caught[e] breaking in[f] and is struck so that he dies, there will be no blood guilt for him.[g] 3 If the sun has risen on him, then there is blood guilt for him. A thief[h] must surely make full restitution; if he has nothing, then he will be sold for his theft. 4 If the stolen item should in fact be found[i] alive in his possession,[j] whether it be an ox or a donkey or a sheep, he must pay back double.[k]
5 “If a man grazes[l] his livestock[m] in a field or a vineyard and he lets the livestock loose and they graze in the field of another man, he must make restitution from the best of his own field and the best of his own vineyard.
6 “If a fire breaks out and spreads to[n] thorn bushes,[o] so that stacked grain or standing grain or the whole field is consumed, the one who started[p] the fire must surely make restitution.
7 “If a man gives his neighbor money or articles[q] for safekeeping[r] and it is stolen from the man’s house, if the thief is caught,[s] he must repay double. 8 If the thief is not caught,[t] then the owner of the house will be brought before the judges[u] to see[v] whether he has laid[w] his hand on his neighbor’s goods. 9 In all cases of illegal possessions,[x] whether for an ox, a donkey, a sheep, a garment, or any kind of lost item, about which someone says ‘This belongs to me,’[y] the matter of the two of them will come before the judges,[z] and the one whom[aa] the judges declare guilty[ab] must repay double to his neighbor. 10 If a man gives his neighbor a donkey or an ox or a sheep or any beast to keep, and it dies or is injured[ac] or is carried away[ad] without anyone seeing it,[ae] 11 then there will be an oath to the Lord[af] between the two of them, that he has not laid his hand on his neighbor’s goods, and its owner will accept this, and he will not have to pay. 12 But if it was stolen[ag] from him,[ah] he will pay its owner. 13 If it is torn in pieces, then he will bring it for evidence,[ai] and he will not have to pay for what was torn.
14 “If a man borrows an animal[aj] from his neighbor and it is hurt or dies when its owner was not with it, the man who borrowed it[ak] will surely pay. 15 If its owner was with it, he will not have to pay; if it was hired, what was paid for the hire covers it.[al]
Moral and Ceremonial Laws
16 [am] “If a man seduces a virgin[an] who is not engaged[ao] and goes to bed[ap] with her, he must surely pay the marriage price[aq] for her to be his wife. 17 If her father refuses to give her to him, he must pay money for the bride price of virgins.
18 “You must not allow a sorceress to live.[ar]
19 “Whoever has sexual relations[as] with a beast must surely be put to death.
20 “Whoever sacrifices to a god other than the Lord[at] alone must be utterly destroyed.[au]
21 “You must not wrong[av] a resident foreigner[aw] nor oppress him, for you were foreigners in the land of Egypt.
22 “You must not afflict[ax] any widow or orphan. 23 If you afflict them[ay] in any way[az] and they cry to me, I will surely hear[ba] their cry, 24 and my anger will burn and I will kill you with the sword, and your wives will be widows and your children will be fatherless.[bb]
25 “If you lend money to any of[bc] my people who are needy among you, do not be like a moneylender[bd] to him; do not charge[be] him interest.[bf] 26 If you do take[bg] the garment of your neighbor in pledge, you must return it to him by the time the sun goes down,[bh] 27 for it is his only covering—it is his garment for his body.[bi] What else can he sleep in?[bj] And[bk] when he cries out to me, I will hear, for I am gracious.
28 “You must not blaspheme[bl] God[bm] or curse the ruler of your people.
29 “Do not hold back offerings from your granaries or your vats.[bn] You must give me the firstborn of your sons. 30 You must also do this for your oxen and for your sheep; seven days they may remain with their mothers, but give them to me on the eighth day.
31 “You will be holy[bo] people to me; you must not eat any meat torn by animals in the field.[bp] You must throw it to the dogs.
Footnotes
- Exodus 22:1 sn The next section of laws concerns property rights. These laws protected property from thieves and oppressors, but also set limits to retribution. The message could be: God’s laws demand that the guilty make restitution for their crimes against property and that the innocent be exonerated.
- Exodus 22:1 sn Beginning with 22:1, the verse numbers through 22:31 in the English Bible differ from the verse numbers in the Hebrew text (BHS), with 22:1 ET = 21:37 HT, 22:2 ET = 22:1 HT, etc., through 22:31 ET = 22:30 HT. Thus in the English Bible ch. 22 has 31 verses, while in the Hebrew Bible it has 30 verses, with the one extra verse attached to ch. 21 in the Hebrew Bible.
- Exodus 22:1 tn The imperfect tense here has the nuance of obligatory imperfect—he must pay back.
- Exodus 22:1 tn בָּקַר (baqar) and צֹאן (tsoʾn) are the categories to which the ox and the sheep belonged, so that the criminal had some latitude in paying back animals.
- Exodus 22:2 tn Heb “found” (so KJV, ASV, NRSV).
- Exodus 22:2 tn The word בַּמַּחְתֶּרֶת (bammakhteret) means “digging through” the walls of a house (usually made of mud bricks). The verb is used only a few times and has the meaning of dig in (as into houses) or row hard (as in Jonah 1:13).
- Exodus 22:2 tn The text has “there is not to him bloods.” When the word “blood” is put in the plural, it refers to bloodshed, or the price of blood that is shed, i.e., blood guiltiness.sn This law focuses on what is reasonable defense against burglary. If someone killed a thief who was breaking in during the night, he was not charged because he would not have known it was just a thief, but if it happened during the day, he was guilty of a crime, on the assumption that in daylight the thief posed no threat to the homeowner’s life and could be stopped and made to pay restitution.
- Exodus 22:3 tn The words “a thief” have been added for clarification. S. R. Driver (Exodus, 224) thinks that these lines are out of order, since some of them deal with killing the thief and then others with the thief making restitution, but rearranging the clauses is not a necessary way to bring clarity to the paragraph. The idea here would be that any thief caught alive would pay restitution.
- Exodus 22:4 tn The construction uses a Niphal infinitive absolute and a Niphal imperfect: if it should indeed be found. Gesenius says that in such conditional clauses the infinitive absolute has less emphasis, but instead emphasizes the condition on which some consequence depends (see GKC 342-43 §113.o).
- Exodus 22:4 tn Heb “in his hand.”
- Exodus 22:4 sn He must pay back one for what he took, and then one for the penalty—his loss as he was inflicting a loss on someone else.
- Exodus 22:5 tn The verb בָּעַר (baʿar, “graze”) as a denominative from the word “livestock” is not well attested. So some have suggested that with slight changes this verse could be read: “If a man cause a field or a vineyard to be burnt, and let the burning spread, and it burnt in another man’s field” (see S. R. Driver, Exodus, 225).
- Exodus 22:5 tn The phrase “his livestock” is supplied from the next clause.
- Exodus 22:6 tn Heb “if a fire goes out and finds”; NLT “if a fire gets out of control.”
- Exodus 22:6 sn Thorn bushes were used for hedges between fields, but thorn bushes also burned easily, making the fire spread rapidly.
- Exodus 22:6 tn This is a Hiphil participle of the verb “to burn, kindle” used substantivally. This is the one who caused the fire, whether by accident or not.
- Exodus 22:7 tn The word usually means “vessels” but can have the sense of household goods and articles. It could be anything from jewels and ornaments to weapons or pottery.
- Exodus 22:7 tn Heb “to keep.” Here “safekeeping,” that is, to keep something secure on behalf of a third party, is intended.
- Exodus 22:7 tn Heb “found.”
- Exodus 22:8 tn Heb “found.”
- Exodus 22:8 tn Here again the word used is “the gods,” meaning the judges who made the assessments and decisions. In addition to other works, see J. R. Vannoy, “The Use of the Word ha’elohim in Exodus 21:6 and 22:7, 8, ” The Law and the Prophets, 225-41.
- Exodus 22:8 tn The phrase “to see” has been supplied.
- Exodus 22:8 tn The line says “if he has not stretched out his hand.” This could be the oath formula, but the construction here would be unusual, or it could be taken as “whether” (see W. C. Kaiser, Jr., “Exodus,” EBC 2:438). U. Cassuto (Exodus, 286) does not think the wording can possibly fit an oath; nevertheless, an oath would be involved before God (as he takes it instead of “judges”)—if the man swore, his word would be accepted, but if he would not swear, he would be guilty.
- Exodus 22:9 tn Heb “concerning every kind [thing] of trespass.”
- Exodus 22:9 tn The text simply has “this is it” (הוּא זֶה, huʾ zeh).
- Exodus 22:9 tn Again, or “God.”
- Exodus 22:9 tn This kind of clause Gesenius calls an independent relative clause—it does not depend on a governing substantive but itself expresses a substantival idea (GKC 445-46 §138.e).
- Exodus 22:9 tn The verb means “to be guilty” in Qal; in Hiphil it would have a declarative sense, because a causative sense would not possibly fit.
- Exodus 22:10 tn The form is a Niphal participle of שָׁבַר (shavar, “to break”) which means injured, maimed, harmed, or crippled.
- Exodus 22:10 tn This verb is frequently used with the meaning “to take captive.” The idea here then is that raiders or robbers have carried off the animal.
- Exodus 22:10 tn Heb “there is no one seeing.”
- Exodus 22:11 tn The construct relationship שְׁבֻעַת יְהוָה (shevuʿat yehvah, “the oath of Yahweh”) would require a genitive of indirect object, “an oath [to] Yahweh.” U. Cassuto suggests that it means “an oath by Yahweh” (Exodus, 287). The person to whom the animal was entrusted would take a solemn oath to Yahweh that he did not appropriate the animal for himself, and then his word would be accepted.
- Exodus 22:12 tn Both with this verb “stolen” and in the next clauses with “torn in pieces,” the text uses the infinitive absolute construction with less than normal emphasis; as Gesenius says, in conditional clauses, an infinitive absolute stresses the importance of the condition on which some consequence depends (GKC 342-43 §113.o).
- Exodus 22:12 sn The point is that the man should have taken better care of the animal.
- Exodus 22:13 tn The word עֵד (ʿed) actually means “witness,” but the dead animal that is returned is a silent witness, i.e., evidence. The word is an adverbial accusative.
- Exodus 22:14 tn Heb “if a man asks [an animal] from his neighbor” (see also Exod 12:36). The ruling here implies an animal is borrowed, and if harm comes to it when the owner is not with it, the borrower is liable. The word “animal” is supplied in the translation for clarity.
- Exodus 22:14 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the man who borrowed the animal) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Exodus 22:15 tn Literally “it came with/for its hire,” this expression implies that the owner who hired it out and was present was prepared to take the risk, so there would be no compensation.
- Exodus 22:16 sn The second half of the chapter records various laws of purity and justice. Any of them could be treated in an expository way, but in the present array they offer a survey of God’s righteous standards: Maintain the sanctity of marriage (16-17); maintain the purity of religious institutions (18-20), maintain the rights of human beings (21-28), maintain the rights of Yahweh (29-31).
- Exodus 22:16 tn This is the word בְּתוּלָה (betulah); it describes a young woman who is not married or a young woman engaged to be married; in any case, she is presumed to be a virgin.
- Exodus 22:16 tn Or “pledged” for marriage.
- Exodus 22:16 tn Heb “lied down with.” The verb שָׁכַב (shakav) “to lie down” can imply going to bed to sleep or be a euphemism for sexual relations.
- Exodus 22:16 tn The verb מָהַר (mahar) means “pay the marriage price,” and the related noun is the bride price. B. Jacob says this was a proposal gift and not a purchase price (Exodus, 700). This is the price paid to her parents, which allowed for provision should there be a divorce. The amount was usually agreed on by the two families, but the price was higher for a pure bride from a noble family. Here, the one who seduces her must pay it, regardless of whether he marries her or not.
- Exodus 22:18 sn There still were many who wished to follow pagan beliefs and consort with the dead (see Deut 18:10-11). The sorceress was someone who dealt with drugs or herbs for occult purposes.
- Exodus 22:19 tn Heb “lies down with.” The verb שָׁכַב (shakhav) “to lie down” can imply going to bed to sleep or be a euphemism for sexual relations.
- Exodus 22:20 tn Heb “not to Yahweh.”
- Exodus 22:20 tn The verb חָרַם (kharam) means “to be devoted” to God or “to be banned.” The idea is that it would be God’s to do with as he liked. What was put under the ban was for God alone, either for his service or for his judgment. But it was out of human control. Here the verb is saying that the person will be utterly destroyed.
- Exodus 22:21 tn Or “oppress.”
- Exodus 22:21 tn Or “alien,” both here and in 23:9. On the Hebrew גֵּר (ger) “resident foreigner” see notes at Exod 12:19 and Deut 29:11.sn In Mosaic Law the foreign resident, גֵּר (ger), was essentially a naturalized citizen and convert to worshiping the God of Israel (see 12:19, 48; Deut 29:10-13). Besides not oppressing the ger, Israel was told to love the ger (Lev 19:33-34). Several passages emphasize equal standing under Mosaic Law (Exod 12:49; 20:10; Lev 24:22; Num 9:14; 15:15, 16, 29). This equality is significant against the background of the ancient near east. The Code of Hammurapi, for example, distinguished different applications of law depending on social status.
- Exodus 22:22 tn The verb “afflict” is a Piel imperfect from עָנָה (ʿanah); it has a wide range of meanings: “afflict, oppress, humiliate, rape.” These victims are at the mercy of the judges, businessmen, or villains. The righteous king and the righteous people will not mistreat them (see Isa 1:17; Job 31:16, 17, 21).
- Exodus 22:23 tn The accusative here is the masculine singular pronoun, which leads S. R. Driver to conclude that this line is out of place, even though the masculine singular can be used in places like this (Exodus, 232). U. Cassuto says its use is to refer to certain classes (Exodus, 292).
- Exodus 22:23 tn Here again and with “cry” the infinitive absolute functions with a diminished emphasis (GKC 342-43 §113.o).
- Exodus 22:23 tn Here is the normal use of the infinitive absolute with the imperfect tense to emphasize the verb: “I will surely hear,” implying, “I will surely respond.”
- Exodus 22:24 sn The punishment will follow the form of talionic justice, an eye for an eye, in which the punishment matches the crime. God will use invading armies (“sword” is a metonymy of adjunct here) to destroy them, making their wives widows and their children orphans.
- Exodus 22:25 tn “any of” has been supplied.
- Exodus 22:25 sn The moneylender will be demanding and exacting. In Ps 109:11 and 2 Kgs 4:1 the word is rendered as “extortioner.”
- Exodus 22:25 tn Heb “set.”
- Exodus 22:25 sn In ancient times money was lent primarily for poverty and not for commercial ventures (H. Gamoran, “The Biblical Law against Loans on Interest,” JNES 30 [1971]: 127-34). The lending to the poor was essentially a charity, and so not to be an opportunity to make money from another person’s misfortune. The word נֶשֶׁךְ (neshekh) may be derived from a verb that means “to bite,” and so the idea of usury or interest was that of putting out one’s money with a bite in it (See S. Stein, “The Laws on Interest in the Old Testament,” JTS 4 [1953]: 161-70; and E. Neufeld, “The Prohibition against Loans at Interest in the Old Testament,” HUCA 26 [1955]: 355-412).
- Exodus 22:26 tn The construction again uses the infinitive absolute with the verb in the conditional clause to stress the condition.
- Exodus 22:26 tn The clause uses the preposition, the infinitive construct, and the noun that is the subjective genitive—“at the going in of the sun.”
- Exodus 22:27 tn Heb “his skin.”
- Exodus 22:27 tn Literally the text reads, “In what can he lie down?” The cloak would be used for a covering at night to use when sleeping. The garment, then, was the property that could not be taken and not given back—it was the last possession. The modern idiom of “the shirt off his back” gets at the point being made here.
- Exodus 22:27 tn Heb “and it will be.”
- Exodus 22:28 tn The two verbs in this verse are synonyms: קָלַל (qalal) means “to treat lightly, curse,” and אָרַר (ʾarar) means “to curse.”
- Exodus 22:28 tn The word אֱלֹהִים (ʾelohim) is “gods” or “God.” If taken as the simple plural, it could refer to the human judges, as it has in the section of laws; this would match the parallelism in the verse. If it was taken to refer to God, then the idea of cursing God would be more along the line of blasphemy. B. Jacob says that the word refers to functioning judges, and that would indirectly mean God, for they represented the religious authority, and the prince the civil authority (Exodus, 708).
- Exodus 22:29 tn The expressions are unusual. U. Cassuto renders them: “from the fullness of your harvest and from the outflow of your presses” (Exodus, 294). He adds the Hittite parallel material to show that the people were to bring the offerings on time and not let them overlap, because the firstfruits had to be eaten first by the priest.
- Exodus 22:31 sn The use of this word here has to do with the laws of the sanctuary and not some advanced view of holiness. The ritual holiness at the sanctuary would prohibit eating anything torn to pieces.
- Exodus 22:31 tn Or “by wild animals.”
Exodul 22
Nouă Traducere În Limba Română
Legi privind proprietatea
22 Dacă un om fură un bou sau o oaie şi taie animalul sau îl vinde, să restituie cinci boi pentru fiecare bou furat şi patru oi pentru fiecare oaie.
2 Dacă hoţul este prins spărgând şi este lovit, iar în cele din urmă moare, cel care l-a lovit nu va fi vinovat de moartea lui. 3 Dar, dacă primeşte lovitura după răsăritul soarelui, atunci cel care l-a lovit va fi vinovat de moartea sa.
Hoţul prins trebuie să restituie ceea ce este dator să dea; dacă nu are ce să dea, să fie vândut ca sclav pentru a plăti ceea ce a furat.
4 Când animalul – fie el bou, măgar sau oaie – este găsit viu în proprietatea hoţului, acesta să plătească dublu.
5 Dacă un om îşi lasă turma să pască într-un ogor sau într-o vie ori îşi lasă vitele să facă stricăciuni în ogorul altuia, să dea ca despăgubire din ce are mai bun în ogorul sau în via sa.
6 Dacă izbucneşte un foc care cuprinde spinii şi incendiază grânele adunate în snopi, grânele aflate încă în picioare sau întreg ogorul, cel ce a aprins focul să plătească întreaga despăgubire.
7 Dacă un om încredinţează semenului său argint sau bunuri spre păstrare şi acestea sunt furate din casa celui din urmă, dacă este prins, hoţul trebuie să plătească dublu. 8 Dacă hoţul nu este prins, stăpânul casei să fie cercetat de judecători[a], ca să se vadă dacă nu cumva şi-a însuşit el bunurile semenului său. 9 În orice dispută cu privire la vreun bou, măgar, îmbrăcăminte sau orice altă pierdere despre care una din părţi spune: ‘Este a mea’, cauza ambelor părţi să fie cercetată de judecători; cel pe care-l vor condamna judecătorii[b] să plătească celuilalt dublu.
10 Când cineva încredinţează altcuiva un măgar, un bou, o oaie sau orice alt animal spre păstrare şi animalul moare, este vătămat sau este luat de la el fără să vadă cineva, 11 să se facă un jurământ în Numele Domnului între cele două părţi. Cel căruia i se încredinţase animalul va mărturisi că n-a pus mâna pe bunurile celuilalt; stăpânul va accepta jurământul şi celălalt nu va fi dator să-i restituie nimic. 12 Dacă animalul a fost furat de la el, trebuie să-l restituie stăpânului. 13 Dacă a fost sfâşiat de fiare, hoitul animalului să fie adus ca dovadă, iar cel căruia i-a fost încredinţat nu va trebui să restituie nimic pentru rămăşiţele sfâşiate.
14 Când cineva împrumută un animal de la semenul său, iar animalul se loveşte sau moare în lipsa stăpânului, cel ce l-a împrumutat va trebui să-l înlocuiască. 15 Dacă stăpânul a fost de faţă, nu va trebui să-l înlocuiască; dacă animalul a fost închiriat, preţul chiriei va acoperi pierderea.
Legi privind relaţiile sociale şi respectul faţă de Dumnezeu
16 Dacă un om înşală o fecioară care nu este logodită şi se culcă cu ea, va trebui să-i plătească zestrea şi să o ia de soţie. 17 Dacă tatăl ei refuză să i-o dea de soţie, el îi va plăti în argint preţul zestrei unei fecioare.
18 Pe vrăjitoare să n-o laşi să trăiască.
19 Oricine se culcă cu un animal să fie imediat pedepsit cu moartea.
20 Oricine aduce jertfe zeilor, şi nu Domnului, să fie nimicit[c].
21 Să nu-l asupreşti pe străin şi să nu-i faci rău, pentru că şi voi aţi fost străini în ţara Egiptului.
22 Să nu îi asupreşti pe văduvă sau pe orfan. 23 Dacă îi asupreşti şi ei strigă la Mine după ajutor, Eu le voi asculta strigătul; 24 mânia Mea se va aprinde şi vă voi omorî cu sabia, soţiile voastre vor ajunge văduve, iar copiii voştri, orfani.
25 Dacă împrumuţi argint vreunuia din poporul Meu care este în nevoie, să nu te porţi cu el ca un cămătar şi să nu ceri de la el dobândă. 26 Dacă iei haina semenului tău drept garanţie, să i-o dai înapoi înainte de apusul soarelui, 27 căci este singura lui învelitoare, este mantaua cu care îşi înveleşte trupul. Altfel, cu ce se va culca? Dacă semenul tău strigă către Mine, Eu îl voi asculta, căci sunt milostiv.
28 Să nu-L huleşti pe Dumnezeu[d] şi să nu-l blestemi pe conducătorul poporului tău.
29 Să nu întârzii să-Mi aduci jertfe din pârga secerişului tău şi a viei tale.[e] De asemenea, să-Mi dai pe întâiul născut dintre fiii tăi. 30 Să faci la fel cu boii şi cu oile tale: şapte zile să rămână cu mama sa, iar în a opta zi să Mi-l dai Mie.
31 Să-Mi fiţi nişte oameni sfinţi. Să nu mâncaţi nici un fel de carne sfâşiată de fiare pe câmp, ci s-o aruncaţi la câini.
Footnotes
- Exodul 22:8 Sau : să fie adus înaintea lui Dumnezeu; termenul ebraic tradus cu judecători poate avea sensurile următoare: Dumnezeu, dumnezei, îngeri, sau judecători, în ideea că cei care conduc sunt mandatarii lui Dumnezeu pe pământ; (şi în v. 9)
- Exodul 22:9 Sau: Dumnezeu
- Exodul 22:20 Termenul ebraic se referă la ceva dedicat Domnului, printr-o distrugere completă
- Exodul 22:28 Sau: Să nu-i huleşti pe judecători
- Exodul 22:29 Sensul frazei ebraice este nesigur
Exodus 22
King James Version
22 If a man shall steal an ox, or a sheep, and kill it, or sell it; he shall restore five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep.
2 If a thief be found breaking up, and be smitten that he die, there shall no blood be shed for him.
3 If the sun be risen upon him, there shall be blood shed for him; for he should make full restitution; if he have nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.
4 If the theft be certainly found in his hand alive, whether it be ox, or ass, or sheep; he shall restore double.
5 If a man shall cause a field or vineyard to be eaten, and shall put in his beast, and shall feed in another man's field; of the best of his own field, and of the best of his own vineyard, shall he make restitution.
6 If fire break out, and catch in thorns, so that the stacks of corn, or the standing corn, or the field, be consumed therewith; he that kindled the fire shall surely make restitution.
7 If a man shall deliver unto his neighbour money or stuff to keep, and it be stolen out of the man's house; if the thief be found, let him pay double.
8 If the thief be not found, then the master of the house shall be brought unto the judges, to see whether he have put his hand unto his neighbour's goods.
9 For all manner of trespass, whether it be for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, or for any manner of lost thing which another challengeth to be his, the cause of both parties shall come before the judges; and whom the judges shall condemn, he shall pay double unto his neighbour.
10 If a man deliver unto his neighbour an ass, or an ox, or a sheep, or any beast, to keep; and it die, or be hurt, or driven away, no man seeing it:
11 Then shall an oath of the Lord be between them both, that he hath not put his hand unto his neighbour's goods; and the owner of it shall accept thereof, and he shall not make it good.
12 And if it be stolen from him, he shall make restitution unto the owner thereof.
13 If it be torn in pieces, then let him bring it for witness, and he shall not make good that which was torn.
14 And if a man borrow ought of his neighbour, and it be hurt, or die, the owner thereof being not with it, he shall surely make it good.
15 But if the owner thereof be with it, he shall not make it good: if it be an hired thing, it came for his hire.
16 And if a man entice a maid that is not betrothed, and lie with her, he shall surely endow her to be his wife.
17 If her father utterly refuse to give her unto him, he shall pay money according to the dowry of virgins.
18 Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live.
19 Whosoever lieth with a beast shall surely be put to death.
20 He that sacrificeth unto any god, save unto the Lord only, he shall be utterly destroyed.
21 Thou shalt neither vex a stranger, nor oppress him: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.
22 Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child.
23 If thou afflict them in any wise, and they cry at all unto me, I will surely hear their cry;
24 And my wrath shall wax hot, and I will kill you with the sword; and your wives shall be widows, and your children fatherless.
25 If thou lend money to any of my people that is poor by thee, thou shalt not be to him as an usurer, neither shalt thou lay upon him usury.
26 If thou at all take thy neighbour's raiment to pledge, thou shalt deliver it unto him by that the sun goeth down:
27 For that is his covering only, it is his raiment for his skin: wherein shall he sleep? and it shall come to pass, when he crieth unto me, that I will hear; for I am gracious.
28 Thou shalt not revile the gods, nor curse the ruler of thy people.
29 Thou shalt not delay to offer the first of thy ripe fruits, and of thy liquors: the firstborn of thy sons shalt thou give unto me.
30 Likewise shalt thou do with thine oxen, and with thy sheep: seven days it shall be with his dam; on the eighth day thou shalt give it me.
31 And ye shall be holy men unto me: neither shall ye eat any flesh that is torn of beasts in the field; ye shall cast it to the dogs.
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