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奴婢的条例(A)

21 “你在百姓面前所要立的典章是这样:

“你若买希伯来人作奴仆,他服事你六年,第七年他可以自由,白白地离去。 他若单身来就可以单身去;他若是有妻子的,他的妻子可以同他离去。 若他主人给他娶了妻,妻子为他生了儿子或女儿,妻子和儿女要归主人,他要独自离去。 倘若奴仆声明:‘我爱我的主人和我的妻子儿女,不愿意自由离去。’ 他的主人就要带他到审判官[a]前,再带他到门或门框那里,用锥子穿他的耳朵,他就要永远服事主人。

“人若卖女儿作婢女,婢女不可像男的奴仆那样离去。 主人若选定她归自己,后来看不顺眼,就要允许她赎身;主人既然对她失信,就没有权柄把她卖给外邦人。 主人若选定她给自己的儿子,就当照女儿的规矩对待她。 10 若另娶一个,她的饮食、衣服和房事不可减少。 11 若不向她行这三样,她就可以白白离去,不必付赎金。”

惩罚暴行的条例

12 “打人致死的,必被处死。 13 他若不是出于预谋[b],而是 神交在他手中,我就设立一个地方,让他可以逃到那里。 14 人若蓄意用诡计杀了他的邻舍,就是逃到我的坛那里,也当把他捉去处死。

15 “打父母的,必被处死。

16 “诱拐人口的,无论是把人卖了,或是扣留在他手中,必被处死。

17 “咒骂父母的,必被处死。

18 “人若彼此争吵,一个用石头或拳头打另一个,被打的人没有死去,却要躺卧在床, 19 若他还能起来扶杖行走,那打他的可免处刑,却要赔偿他不能工作的损失,并要把他完全医好。

20 “人若用棍子打奴仆或婢女,当场死在他的手下,他必受报应。 21 若能撑过一两天,主人就不必受惩罚,因为那是他的财产。

22 “人若彼此打斗,伤害有孕的妇人,以致胎儿掉了出来,随后却无别的伤害,那伤害她的人,总要按妇人的丈夫所提出的,照审判官所裁定的赔偿。 23 若有别的伤害,就要以命抵命, 24 以眼还眼,以牙还牙,以手还手,以脚还脚, 25 以灼伤还灼伤,以损伤还损伤,以鞭打还鞭打。

26 “人若打奴仆或婢女的眼睛,毁了一只,就要因他的眼让他自由离去。 27 若打掉了奴仆或婢女的一颗牙,就要因他的牙让他自由离去。”

物主的责任

28 “牛若抵死男人或女人,总要用石头打死那牛,却不可吃它的肉;牛的主人可免处刑。 29 倘若那牛向来是抵人的,牛的主人虽然受过警告,仍不把它拴好,以致把男人或女人抵死,牛要用石头打死,主人也要被处死。 30 若罚他付赎命的赔款,他就要照所罚的数目赎他的命。 31 牛若抵了男孩或女孩,也要照这条例处理。 32 牛若抵了奴仆或婢女,就要把三十舍客勒银子给奴仆的主人,牛要用石头打死。

33 “人若敞开井口,或挖井不盖住它,有牛或驴掉进井里, 34 井的主人要拿钱赔偿牲畜的主人,死牲畜要归自己。

35 “人的牛若抵死邻舍的牛,他们就要卖了那活牛,平分价钱;也要平分死牛。 36 若这牛向来是以好抵人出名的,主人竟不把牛拴好,他必要以牛赔牛,死牛却归自己。”

Footnotes

  1. 21.6 “审判官”或译“ 神”;22节同。
  2. 21.13 “出于预谋”:原文直译“埋伏”。

21 Now these are the judgments which thou shalt set before them.

If thou buy an Hebrew servant, six years he shall serve: and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing.

If he came in by himself, he shall go out by himself: if he were married, then his wife shall go out with him.

If his master have given him a wife, and she have born him sons or daughters; the wife and her children shall be her master’s, and he shall go out by himself.

And if the servant shall plainly say, I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free:

Then his master shall bring him unto the judges; he shall also bring him to the door, or unto the door post; and his master shall bore his ear through with an aul; and he shall serve him for ever.

And if a man sell his daughter to be a maidservant, she shall not go out as the menservants do.

If she please not her master, who hath betrothed her to himself, then shall he let her be redeemed: to sell her unto a strange nation he shall have no power, seeing he hath dealt deceitfully with her.

And if he have betrothed her unto his son, he shall deal with her after the manner of daughters.

10 If he take him another wife; her food, her raiment, and her duty of marriage, shall he not diminish.

11 And if he do not these three unto her, then shall she go out free without money.

12 He that smiteth a man, so that he die, shall be surely put to death.

13 And if a man lie not in wait, but God deliver him into his hand; then I will appoint thee a place whither he shall flee.

14 But if a man come presumptuously upon his neighbour, to slay him with guile; thou shalt take him from mine altar, that he may die.

15 And he that smiteth his father, or his mother, shall be surely put to death.

16 And he that stealeth a man, and selleth him, or if he be found in his hand, he shall surely be put to death.

17 And he that curseth his father, or his mother, shall surely be put to death.

18 And if men strive together, and one smite another with a stone, or with his fist, and he die not, but keepeth his bed:

19 If he rise again, and walk abroad upon his staff, then shall he that smote him be quit: only he shall pay for the loss of his time, and shall cause him to be thoroughly healed.

20 And if a man smite his servant, or his maid, with a rod, and he die under his hand; he shall be surely punished.

21 Notwithstanding, if he continue a day or two, he shall not be punished: for he is his money.

22 If men strive, and hurt a woman with child, so that her fruit depart from her, and yet no mischief follow: he shall be surely punished, according as the woman’s husband will lay upon him; and he shall pay as the judges determine.

23 And if any mischief follow, then thou shalt give life for life,

24 Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot,

25 Burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.

26 And if a man smite the eye of his servant, or the eye of his maid, that it perish; he shall let him go free for his eye’s sake.

27 And if he smite out his manservant’s tooth, or his maidservant’s tooth; he shall let him go free for his tooth’s sake.

28 If an ox gore a man or a woman, that they die: then the ox shall be surely stoned, and his flesh shall not be eaten; but the owner of the ox shall be quit.

29 But if the ox were wont to push with his horn in time past, and it hath been testified to his owner, and he hath not kept him in, but that he hath killed a man or a woman; the ox shall be stoned, and his owner also shall be put to death.

30 If there be laid on him a sum of money, then he shall give for the ransom of his life whatsoever is laid upon him.

31 Whether he have gored a son, or have gored a daughter, according to this judgment shall it be done unto him.

32 If the ox shall push a manservant or a maidservant; he shall give unto their master thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned.

33 And if a man shall open a pit, or if a man shall dig a pit, and not cover it, and an ox or an ass fall therein;

34 The owner of the pit shall make it good, and give money unto the owner of them; and the dead beast shall be his.

35 And if one man’s ox hurt another’s, that he die; then they shall sell the live ox, and divide the money of it; and the dead ox also they shall divide.

36 Or if it be known that the ox hath used to push in time past, and his owner hath not kept him in; he shall surely pay ox for ox; and the dead shall be his own.

As leis acerca dos servos e dos homicidas

21 Estes são os estatutos que lhes proporás: Se comprares um servo hebreu, seis anos servirá; mas, ao sétimo, sairá forro, de graça. Se entrou com o seu corpo, com o seu corpo sairá; se ele era homem casado, sairá sua mulher com ele. Se seu senhor lhe houver dado uma mulher, e ela lhe houver dado filhos ou filhas, a mulher e seus filhos serão de seu senhor, e ele sairá com seu corpo. Mas, se aquele servo expressamente disser: Eu amo a meu senhor, e a minha mulher, e a meus filhos, não quero sair forro, então, seu senhor o levará aos juízes, e o fará chegar à porta, ou ao postigo, e seu senhor lhe furará a orelha com uma sovela; e o servirá para sempre.

E, se algum vender sua filha por serva, não sairá como saem os servos. Se desagradar aos olhos de seu senhor, e não se desposar com ela, fará que se resgate; não poderá vendê-la a um povo estranho, usando deslealmente com ela. Mas, se a desposar com seu filho, fará com ela conforme o direito das filhas. 10 Se lhe tomar outra, não diminuirá o mantimento desta, nem a sua veste, nem a sua obrigação marital. 11 E, se lhe não fizer estas três coisas, sairá de graça, sem dar dinheiro.

12 Quem ferir alguém, que morra, ele também certamente morrerá; 13 porém, se lhe não armou ciladas, mas Deus o fez encontrar nas suas mãos, ordenar-te-ei um lugar para onde ele fugirá. 14 Mas, se alguém se ensoberbecer contra o seu próximo, matando-o com engano, tirá-lo-ás do meu altar para que morra. 15 O que ferir a seu pai ou a sua mãe certamente morrerá. 16 E quem furtar algum homem e o vender, ou for achado na sua mão, certamente morrerá.

As leis acerca dos que amaldiçoam os pais ou ferem qualquer pessoa

17 E quem amaldiçoar a seu pai ou a sua mãe certamente morrerá. 18 E, se alguns homens pelejarem, ferindo um ao outro com pedra ou com o punho, e este não morrer, mas cair na cama; 19 se ele tornar a levantar-se e andar fora sobre o seu bordão, então, aquele que o feriu será absolvido; somente lhe pagará o tempo que perdera e o fará curar totalmente. 20 Se alguém ferir a seu servo ou a sua serva com vara, e morrerem debaixo da sua mão, certamente será castigado; 21 porém, se ficarem vivos por um ou dois dias, não será castigado, porque é seu dinheiro. 22 Se alguns homens pelejarem, e ferirem uma mulher grávida, e forem causa de que aborte, porém se não houver morte, certamente aquele que feriu será multado conforme o que lhe impuser o marido da mulher e pagará diante dos juízes. 23 Mas, se houver morte, então, darás vida por vida, 24 olho por olho, dente por dente, mão por mão, pé por pé, 25 queimadura por queimadura, ferida por ferida, golpe por golpe. 26 E, quando alguém ferir o olho do seu servo ou o olho da sua serva e o danificar, o deixará ir forro pelo seu olho. 27 E, se tirar o dente do seu servo ou o dente da sua serva, o deixará ir forro pelo seu dente. 28 E, se algum boi escornar homem ou mulher, que morra, o boi será apedrejado certamente, e a sua carne se não comerá; mas o dono do boi será absolvido. 29 Mas, se o boi dantes era escornador, e o seu dono foi conhecedor disso e não o guardou, matando homem ou mulher, o boi será apedrejado, e também o seu dono morrerá. 30 Se lhe for imposto resgate, então, dará como resgate da sua vida tudo quanto lhe for imposto, 31 quer tenha escornado um filho, quer tenha escornado uma filha; conforme a este estatuto lhe será feito. 32 Se o boi escornar um servo, ou uma serva, dar-se-ão trinta siclos de prata ao seu senhor, e o boi será apedrejado.

33 Se alguém abrir uma cova ou se alguém cavar uma cova e não a cobrir, e nela cair um boi ou jumento, 34 o dono da cova o pagará, ao seu dono o dinheiro restituirá; mas o morto será seu.

35 Se o boi de alguém ferir de morte o boi do seu próximo, então, se venderá o boi vivo, e o dinheiro dele se repartirá igualmente, e também o morto se repartirá igualmente. 36 Mas, se foi notório que aquele boi dantes era escornador, e seu dono não o guardou, certamente pagará boi por boi; porém o morto será seu.

21 “These are the laws(A) you are to set before them:

Hebrew Servants(B)(C)

“If you buy a Hebrew servant,(D) he is to serve you for six years. But in the seventh year, he shall go free,(E) without paying anything. If he comes alone, he is to go free alone; but if he has a wife when he comes, she is to go with him. If his master gives him a wife and she bears him sons or daughters, the woman and her children shall belong to her master, and only the man shall go free.

“But if the servant declares, ‘I love my master and my wife and children and do not want to go free,’(F) then his master must take him before the judges.[a](G) He shall take him to the door or the doorpost and pierce(H) his ear with an awl. Then he will be his servant for life.(I)

“If a man sells his daughter as a servant, she is not to go free as male servants do. If she does not please the master who has selected her for himself,[b] he must let her be redeemed. He has no right to sell her to foreigners, because he has broken faith with her. If he selects her for his son, he must grant her the rights of a daughter. 10 If he marries another woman, he must not deprive the first one of her food, clothing and marital rights.(J) 11 If he does not provide her with these three things, she is to go free, without any payment of money.

Personal Injuries

12 “Anyone who strikes a person with a fatal blow is to be put to death.(K) 13 However, if it is not done intentionally, but God lets it happen, they are to flee to a place(L) I will designate. 14 But if anyone schemes and kills someone deliberately,(M) that person is to be taken from my altar and put to death.(N)

15 “Anyone who attacks[c] their father or mother is to be put to death.

16 “Anyone who kidnaps someone is to be put to death,(O) whether the victim has been sold(P) or is still in the kidnapper’s possession.

17 “Anyone who curses their father or mother is to be put to death.(Q)

18 “If people quarrel and one person hits another with a stone or with their fist[d] and the victim does not die but is confined to bed, 19 the one who struck the blow will not be held liable if the other can get up and walk around outside with a staff; however, the guilty party must pay the injured person for any loss of time and see that the victim is completely healed.

20 “Anyone who beats their male or female slave with a rod must be punished if the slave dies as a direct result, 21 but they are not to be punished if the slave recovers after a day or two, since the slave is their property.(R)

22 “If people are fighting and hit a pregnant woman and she gives birth prematurely[e] but there is no serious injury, the offender must be fined whatever the woman’s husband demands(S) and the court allows. 23 But if there is serious injury, you are to take life for life,(T) 24 eye for eye, tooth for tooth,(U) hand for hand, foot for foot, 25 burn for burn, wound for wound, bruise for bruise.

26 “An owner who hits a male or female slave in the eye and destroys it must let the slave go free to compensate for the eye. 27 And an owner who knocks out the tooth of a male or female slave must let the slave go free to compensate for the tooth.

28 “If a bull gores a man or woman to death, the bull is to be stoned to death,(V) and its meat must not be eaten. But the owner of the bull will not be held responsible. 29 If, however, the bull has had the habit of goring and the owner has been warned but has not kept it penned up(W) and it kills a man or woman, the bull is to be stoned and its owner also is to be put to death. 30 However, if payment is demanded, the owner may redeem his life by the payment of whatever is demanded.(X) 31 This law also applies if the bull gores a son or daughter. 32 If the bull gores a male or female slave, the owner must pay thirty shekels[f](Y) of silver to the master of the slave, and the bull is to be stoned to death.

33 “If anyone uncovers a pit(Z) or digs one and fails to cover it and an ox or a donkey falls into it, 34 the one who opened the pit must pay the owner for the loss and take the dead animal in exchange.

35 “If anyone’s bull injures someone else’s bull and it dies, the two parties are to sell the live one and divide both the money and the dead animal equally. 36 However, if it was known that the bull had the habit of goring, yet the owner did not keep it penned up,(AA) the owner must pay, animal for animal, and take the dead animal in exchange.

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 21:6 Or before God
  2. Exodus 21:8 Or master so that he does not choose her
  3. Exodus 21:15 Or kills
  4. Exodus 21:18 Or with a tool
  5. Exodus 21:22 Or she has a miscarriage
  6. Exodus 21:32 That is, about 12 ounces or about 345 grams