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待賊盜之例

22 「人若偷牛或羊,無論是宰了是賣了,他就要以五牛賠一牛,四羊賠一羊。 人若遇見賊挖窟窿,把賊打了,以至於死,就不能為他有流血的罪。 若太陽已經出來,就為他有流血的罪。賊若被拿,總要賠還。若他一無所有,就要被賣,頂他所偷的物。 若他所偷的,或牛,或驢,或羊,仍在他手下存活,他就要加倍賠還。

「人若在田間或在葡萄園裡放牲畜,任憑牲畜上別人的田裡去吃,就必拿自己田間上好的和葡萄園上好的賠還。

「若點火焚燒荊棘,以致將別人堆積的禾捆、站著的禾稼或是田園,都燒盡了,那點火的必要賠還。

「人若將銀錢或家具交付鄰舍看守,這物從那人的家被偷去,若把賊找到了,賊要加倍賠還。 若找不到賊,那家主必就近審判官,要看看他拿了原主的物件沒有。 兩個人的案件,無論是為什麼過犯,或是為牛,為驢,為羊,為衣裳,或是為什麼失掉之物,有一人說『這是我的』,兩造就要將案件稟告審判官,審判官定誰有罪,誰就要加倍賠還。

10 「人若將驢,或牛,或羊,或別的牲畜,交付鄰舍看守,牲畜或死,或受傷,或被趕去,無人看見, 11 那看守的人要憑著耶和華起誓,手裡未曾拿鄰舍的物,本主就要罷休,看守的人不必賠還。 12 牲畜若從看守的那裡被偷去,他就要賠還本主。 13 若被野獸撕碎,看守的要帶來當做證據,所撕的不必賠還。

14 「人若向鄰舍借什麼,所借的或受傷,或死,本主沒有同在一處,借的人總要賠還。 15 若本主同在一處,他就不必賠還。若是雇的,也不必賠還,本是為雇價來的。

16 「人若引誘沒有受聘的處女,與她行淫,他總要交出聘禮,娶她為妻。 17 若女子的父親決不肯將女子給他,他就要按處女的聘禮,交出錢來。

18 「行邪術的女人,不可容她存活。

戒民數例

19 「凡與獸淫合的,總要把他治死。

20 「祭祀別神,不單單祭祀耶和華的,那人必要滅絕。

21 「不可虧負寄居的,也不可欺壓他,因為你們在埃及地也做過寄居的。 22 不可苦待寡婦和孤兒。 23 若是苦待他們一點,他們向我一哀求,我總要聽他們的哀聲, 24 並要發烈怒,用刀殺你們,使你們的妻子為寡婦,兒女為孤兒。

25 「我民中有貧窮人與你同住,你若借錢給他,不可如放債的向他取利。 26 你即或拿鄰舍的衣服做當頭,必在日落以先歸還他。 27 因他只有這一件當蓋頭,是他蓋身的衣服,若是沒有,他拿什麼睡覺呢?他哀求我,我就應允,因為我是有恩惠的。

28 「不可毀謗神,也不可毀謗你百姓的官長。 29 你要從你莊稼中的穀和酒榨中滴出來的酒拿來獻上,不可遲延。你要將頭生的兒子歸給我。 30 你牛羊頭生的,也要這樣,七天當跟著母,第八天要歸給我。 31 你要在我面前為聖潔的人,因此,田間被野獸撕裂牲畜的肉,你們不可吃,要丟給狗吃。

偷竊的賠償條例

22 “如果人偷了牛或是羊,無論是宰了或是賣了,他必須賠償,以五牛還一牛,以四羊還一羊。(本節在《馬索拉文本》為21:37)

“竊賊挖窟窿入屋的時候,如果被人發現,把他打了,以致打死,打死人的就沒有流人血的罪。(本節在《馬索拉文本》為22:1) 如果太陽出來了,他就有流人血的罪。竊賊必須賠償,如果他一無所有,就要賣身,還他所偷之物。 所偷之物,無論是牛、是驢,或是羊,如果發現在他手中仍然活著,他必須雙倍償還。 如果有人在田間或葡萄園裡放牲畜吃草,任由牲畜到別人的田裡去吃草,就必須拿自己田間最好的,或自己葡萄園中最好的賠償。

“如果火燒起來,燒著了荊棘,以致把別人堆積的禾捆、豎立的莊稼,或是田園都燒盡了,那點火的必須賠償。

“如果人把銀子或家中物件交給鄰舍看守,這些東西從那人的家被偷去;如果把竊賊抓到了,竊賊就要雙倍償還。 如果找不到竊賊,那家主必要到審判官(“審判官”原文作“ 神”)那裡,查明他有沒有下手拿去鄰舍的財物。 任何爭訟的案件,無論是為了牛、驢、羊、衣服,或是甚麼遺失了的東西,如果一方說:‘這是我的’,這樣,雙方的案件就要帶到審判官(“審判官”原文作“ 神”)面前,審判官定誰有罪,誰就要雙倍償還給他的鄰舍。

10 “如果人把驢、牛、羊,或是任何牲畜交給鄰舍看守,牲畜死亡、受傷,或是被趕去,又沒有人看見, 11 兩人必須在耶和華面前起誓,表明他沒有下手拿去鄰舍的財物;如果物主接受那誓言,看守的人就不必賠償。 12 如果牲畜真的從看守的人那裡被偷去,他就要賠償給物主。 13 如果真的被野獸撕碎了,看守的人就要把被撕碎的帶來作證據,這樣,他就不必賠償。

14 “如果人向鄰舍借甚麼,所借的無論是受了傷,或是死了,物主不在場,借的人就必須償還。 15 如果物主在場,他就不必償還;若是雇來的,也不必償還,因為他為雇價來的。

保障人權的條例

16 “如果人引誘還沒有許配人的處女,與她同寢,他必須交出聘禮,娶她為妻。 17 如果處女的父親堅決不肯把女兒嫁給他,他就要按照處女的聘禮,交出聘銀來。

18 “不可讓行巫術的女人活著。

19 “凡與牲畜同寢的,那人必須處死。

20 “除了獨一的耶和華以外,還獻祭給別神的,那人必須滅絕。 21 不可欺負寄居的,也不可壓迫他,因為你們在埃及地也作過寄居的。 22 不可苦待任何孤兒寡婦。 23 如果你們真的苦待他們,他們一向我呼求,我必定聽他們的呼求, 24 並且我要發怒,用刀殺死你們,使你們的妻子成為寡婦,你們的兒女成為孤兒。

25 “如果你借錢給我的人民,就是與你們在一起的窮人,你對待他們不可像放債的人一樣,不可在他們身上取利。 26 如果你拿了鄰居的衣服作抵押,必須在日落之前歸還給他。 27 因為這是他唯一的鋪蓋,是他蔽體的衣服;如果沒有了它,他拿甚麼睡覺呢?如果他向我呼求,我必應允,因為我是滿有恩惠的。

28 “不可咒罵 神,也不可咒詛你人民的領袖。 29 要把你豐收的五穀和初榨的新酒獻上,不可遲延;要把你頭生的兒子獻給我。 30 對於牛羊頭生的,你也要這樣作;七天之內,可以和母的在一起,第八天就要把牠獻給我。 31 你們要歸我作聖潔的人;因此田間被野獸撕碎的肉,你們不可以吃,要把它丟給狗吃。”

Protection of Property

22 [a]“Whoever steals an ox or a sheep and slaughters it or sells it must pay back(A) five head of cattle for the ox and four sheep for the sheep.

“If a thief is caught breaking in(B) at night and is struck a fatal blow, the defender is not guilty of bloodshed;(C) but if it happens after sunrise, the defender is guilty of bloodshed.

“Anyone who steals must certainly make restitution,(D) but if they have nothing, they must be sold(E) to pay for their theft. If the stolen animal is found alive in their possession(F)—whether ox or donkey or sheep—they must pay back double.(G)

“If anyone grazes their livestock in a field or vineyard and lets them stray and they graze in someone else’s field, the offender must make restitution(H) from the best of their own field or vineyard.

“If a fire breaks out and spreads into thornbushes so that it burns shocks(I) of grain or standing grain or the whole field, the one who started the fire must make restitution.(J)

“If anyone gives a neighbor silver or goods for safekeeping(K) and they are stolen from the neighbor’s house, the thief, if caught, must pay back double.(L) But if the thief is not found, the owner of the house must appear before the judges,(M) and they must[b] determine whether the owner of the house has laid hands on the other person’s property. In all cases of illegal possession of an ox, a donkey, a sheep, a garment, or any other lost property about which somebody says, ‘This is mine,’ both parties are to bring their cases before the judges.[c](N) The one whom the judges declare[d] guilty must pay back double to the other.

10 “If anyone gives a donkey, an ox, a sheep or any other animal to their neighbor for safekeeping(O) and it dies or is injured or is taken away while no one is looking, 11 the issue between them will be settled by the taking of an oath(P) before the Lord that the neighbor did not lay hands on the other person’s property. The owner is to accept this, and no restitution is required. 12 But if the animal was stolen from the neighbor, restitution(Q) must be made to the owner. 13 If it was torn to pieces by a wild animal, the neighbor shall bring in the remains as evidence and shall not be required to pay for the torn animal.(R)

14 “If anyone borrows an animal from their neighbor and it is injured or dies while the owner is not present, they must make restitution.(S) 15 But if the owner is with the animal, the borrower will not have to pay. If the animal was hired, the money paid for the hire covers the loss.(T)

Social Responsibility

16 “If a man seduces a virgin(U) who is not pledged to be married and sleeps with her, he must pay the bride-price,(V) and she shall be his wife. 17 If her father absolutely refuses to give her to him, he must still pay the bride-price for virgins.

18 “Do not allow a sorceress(W) to live.

19 “Anyone who has sexual relations with an animal(X) is to be put to death.

20 “Whoever sacrifices to any god(Y) other than the Lord must be destroyed.[e](Z)

21 “Do not mistreat or oppress a foreigner,(AA) for you were foreigners(AB) in Egypt.

22 “Do not take advantage of the widow or the fatherless.(AC) 23 If you do and they cry out(AD) to me, I will certainly hear their cry.(AE) 24 My anger will be aroused, and I will kill you with the sword; your wives will become widows and your children fatherless.(AF)

25 “If you lend money to one of my people among you who is needy, do not treat it like a business deal; charge no interest.(AG) 26 If you take your neighbor’s cloak as a pledge,(AH) return it by sunset, 27 because that cloak is the only covering your neighbor has. What else can they sleep in?(AI) When they cry out to me, I will hear, for I am compassionate.(AJ)

28 “Do not blaspheme God[f](AK) or curse(AL) the ruler of your people.(AM)

29 “Do not hold back offerings(AN) from your granaries or your vats.[g]

“You must give me the firstborn of your sons.(AO) 30 Do the same with your cattle and your sheep.(AP) Let them stay with their mothers for seven days, but give them to me on the eighth day.(AQ)

31 “You are to be my holy people.(AR) So do not eat the meat of an animal torn by wild beasts;(AS) throw it to the dogs.

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 22:1 In Hebrew texts 22:1 is numbered 21:37, and 22:2-31 is numbered 22:1-30.
  2. Exodus 22:8 Or before God, and he will
  3. Exodus 22:9 Or before God
  4. Exodus 22:9 Or whom God declares
  5. Exodus 22:20 The Hebrew term refers to the irrevocable giving over of things or persons to the Lord, often by totally destroying them.
  6. Exodus 22:28 Or Do not revile the judges
  7. Exodus 22:29 The meaning of the Hebrew for this phrase is uncertain.