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待賊盜之例

22 「人若偷牛或羊,無論是宰了是賣了,他就要以五牛賠一牛,四羊賠一羊。 人若遇見賊挖窟窿,把賊打了,以至於死,就不能為他有流血的罪。 若太陽已經出來,就為他有流血的罪。賊若被拿,總要賠還。若他一無所有,就要被賣,頂他所偷的物。 若他所偷的,或牛,或驢,或羊,仍在他手下存活,他就要加倍賠還。

「人若在田間或在葡萄園裡放牲畜,任憑牲畜上別人的田裡去吃,就必拿自己田間上好的和葡萄園上好的賠還。

「若點火焚燒荊棘,以致將別人堆積的禾捆、站著的禾稼或是田園,都燒盡了,那點火的必要賠還。

「人若將銀錢或家具交付鄰舍看守,這物從那人的家被偷去,若把賊找到了,賊要加倍賠還。 若找不到賊,那家主必就近審判官,要看看他拿了原主的物件沒有。 兩個人的案件,無論是為什麼過犯,或是為牛,為驢,為羊,為衣裳,或是為什麼失掉之物,有一人說『這是我的』,兩造就要將案件稟告審判官,審判官定誰有罪,誰就要加倍賠還。

10 「人若將驢,或牛,或羊,或別的牲畜,交付鄰舍看守,牲畜或死,或受傷,或被趕去,無人看見, 11 那看守的人要憑著耶和華起誓,手裡未曾拿鄰舍的物,本主就要罷休,看守的人不必賠還。 12 牲畜若從看守的那裡被偷去,他就要賠還本主。 13 若被野獸撕碎,看守的要帶來當做證據,所撕的不必賠還。

14 「人若向鄰舍借什麼,所借的或受傷,或死,本主沒有同在一處,借的人總要賠還。 15 若本主同在一處,他就不必賠還。若是雇的,也不必賠還,本是為雇價來的。

16 「人若引誘沒有受聘的處女,與她行淫,他總要交出聘禮,娶她為妻。 17 若女子的父親決不肯將女子給他,他就要按處女的聘禮,交出錢來。

18 「行邪術的女人,不可容她存活。

戒民數例

19 「凡與獸淫合的,總要把他治死。

20 「祭祀別神,不單單祭祀耶和華的,那人必要滅絕。

21 「不可虧負寄居的,也不可欺壓他,因為你們在埃及地也做過寄居的。 22 不可苦待寡婦和孤兒。 23 若是苦待他們一點,他們向我一哀求,我總要聽他們的哀聲, 24 並要發烈怒,用刀殺你們,使你們的妻子為寡婦,兒女為孤兒。

25 「我民中有貧窮人與你同住,你若借錢給他,不可如放債的向他取利。 26 你即或拿鄰舍的衣服做當頭,必在日落以先歸還他。 27 因他只有這一件當蓋頭,是他蓋身的衣服,若是沒有,他拿什麼睡覺呢?他哀求我,我就應允,因為我是有恩惠的。

28 「不可毀謗神,也不可毀謗你百姓的官長。 29 你要從你莊稼中的穀和酒榨中滴出來的酒拿來獻上,不可遲延。你要將頭生的兒子歸給我。 30 你牛羊頭生的,也要這樣,七天當跟著母,第八天要歸給我。 31 你要在我面前為聖潔的人,因此,田間被野獸撕裂牲畜的肉,你們不可吃,要丟給狗吃。

Responsibility for Property

22 “If a man steals an ox or a sheep, and slaughters it or sells it, he shall (A)restore five oxen for an ox and four sheep for a sheep. If the thief is found (B)breaking in, and he is struck so that he dies, there shall be (C)no guilt for his bloodshed. If the sun has risen on him, there shall be guilt for his bloodshed. He should make full restitution; if he has nothing, then he shall be (D)sold[a] for his theft. If the theft is certainly (E)found alive in his hand, whether it is an ox or donkey or sheep, he shall (F)restore double.

“If a man causes a field or vineyard to be grazed, and lets loose his animal, and it feeds in another man’s field, he shall make restitution from the best of his own field and the best of his own vineyard.

“If fire breaks out and catches in thorns, so that stacked grain, standing grain, or the field is consumed, he who kindled the fire shall surely make restitution.

“If a man (G)delivers to his neighbor money or articles to keep, and it is stolen out of the man’s house, (H)if the thief is found, he shall pay double. If the thief is not found, then the master of the house shall be brought to the (I)judges to see whether he has put his hand into his neighbor’s goods.

“For any kind of trespass, whether it concerns an ox, a donkey, a sheep, or clothing, or for any kind of lost thing which another claims to be his, the (J)cause of both parties shall come before the judges; and whomever the judges condemn shall pay double to his neighbor. 10 If a man delivers to his neighbor a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any animal to keep, and it dies, is hurt, or driven away, no one seeing it, 11 then an (K)oath of the Lord shall be between them both, that he has not put his hand into his neighbor’s goods; and the owner of it shall accept that, and he shall not make it good. 12 But (L)if, in fact, it is stolen from him, he shall make restitution to the owner of it. 13 If it is (M)torn to pieces by a beast, then he shall bring it as evidence, and he shall not make good what was torn.

14 “And if a man borrows anything from his neighbor, and it becomes injured or dies, the owner of it not being with it, he shall surely make it good. 15 If its owner was with it, he shall not make it good; if it was hired, it came for its hire.

Moral and Ceremonial Principles

16 (N)“If a man entices a virgin who is not betrothed, and lies with her, he shall surely pay the bride-price for her to be his wife. 17 If her father utterly refuses to give her to him, he shall pay money according to the (O)bride-price of virgins.

18 (P)“You shall not permit a sorceress to live.

19 (Q)“Whoever lies with an animal shall surely be put to death.

20 (R)“He who sacrifices to any god, except to the Lord only, he shall be utterly destroyed.

21 (S)“You shall neither mistreat a [b]stranger nor oppress him, for you were strangers in the land of Egypt.

22 (T)“You shall not afflict any widow or fatherless child. 23 If you afflict them in any way, and they (U)cry at all to Me, I will surely (V)hear their cry; 24 and My (W)wrath will become hot, and I will kill you with the sword; (X)your wives shall be widows, and your children fatherless.

25 (Y)“If you lend money to any of My people who are poor among you, you shall not be like a moneylender to him; you shall not charge him (Z)interest. 26 (AA)If you ever take your neighbor’s garment as a pledge, you shall return it to him before the sun goes down. 27 For that is his only covering, it is his garment for his skin. What will he sleep in? And it will be that when he cries to Me, I will hear, for I am (AB)gracious.

28 (AC)“You shall not revile God, nor curse a (AD)ruler of your people.

29 “You shall not delay to offer (AE)the first of your ripe produce and your juices. (AF)The firstborn of your sons you shall give to Me. 30 (AG)Likewise you shall do with your oxen and your sheep. It shall be with its mother (AH)seven days; on the eighth day you shall give it to Me.

31 “And you shall be (AI)holy men to Me: (AJ)you shall not eat meat torn by beasts in the field; you shall throw it to the dogs.

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 22:3 Sold as a slave
  2. Exodus 22:21 sojourner

22 [a] “If a man steals an ox or a sheep, and kills it or sells it, he shall repay five oxen for an ox, and (A)four sheep for a sheep. [b] If a thief is found (B)breaking in and is struck so that he dies, there shall be no bloodguilt for him, but if the sun has risen on him, there shall be bloodguilt for him. He[c] shall surely pay. If he has nothing, then (C)he shall be sold for his theft. If the stolen beast (D)is found alive in his possession, whether it is an ox or a donkey or a sheep, (E)he shall pay double.

“If a man causes a field or vineyard to be grazed over, or lets his beast loose and it feeds in another man's field, he shall make restitution from the best in his own field and in his own vineyard.

“If fire breaks out and catches in thorns so that the stacked grain or the standing grain or the field is consumed, he who started the fire shall make full restitution.

“If a man gives to his neighbor money or goods to keep safe, and it is stolen from the man's house, then, if the thief is found, (F)he shall pay double. If the thief is not found, the owner of the house shall come near to God to show whether or not he has put his hand to his neighbor's property. For every breach of trust, whether it is for an ox, for a donkey, for a sheep, for a cloak, or for any kind of lost thing, of which one says, ‘This is it,’ the case of both parties shall come before God. The one whom God condemns shall pay double to his neighbor.

10 “If a man gives to his neighbor a donkey or an ox or a sheep or any beast to keep safe, and it dies or is injured or is driven away, without anyone seeing it, 11 (G)an oath by the Lord shall be between them both to see whether or not he has put his hand to his neighbor's property. The owner shall accept the oath, and he shall not make restitution. 12 But if (H)it is stolen from him, he shall make restitution to its owner. 13 If it is torn by beasts, let him bring it as evidence. He shall not make restitution for what has been torn.

14 “If a man borrows anything of his neighbor, and it is injured or dies, the owner not being with it, he shall make full restitution. 15 If the owner was with it, he shall not make restitution; if it was hired, it came for its hiring fee.[d]

Laws for a Just Community

16 (I)“If a man seduces a virgin[e] who is not betrothed and lies with her, he shall give the bride-price[f] for her and make her his wife. 17 If her father utterly refuses to give her to him, (J)he shall pay money equal to the (K)bride-price for virgins.

18 (L)“You shall not permit a sorceress to live.

19 (M)“Whoever lies with an animal shall be put to death.

20 (N)“Whoever sacrifices to any god, other than the Lord alone, shall be devoted to destruction.[g]

21 (O)“You shall not wrong a sojourner or oppress him, for you were sojourners in the land of Egypt. 22 (P)You shall not mistreat any widow or fatherless child. 23 If you do mistreat them, and they (Q)cry out to me, I will surely (R)hear their cry, 24 and my wrath will burn, and I will kill you with the sword, and (S)your wives shall become widows and your children fatherless.

25 (T)“If you lend money to any of my people with you who is poor, you shall not be like a moneylender to him, and you shall not exact interest from him. 26 (U)If ever you take your neighbor's cloak in pledge, you shall return it to him before the sun goes down, 27 for that is his only covering, and it is his cloak for his body; in what else shall he sleep? And if he (V)cries to me, I will hear, for I am (W)compassionate.

28 (X)“You shall not revile God, nor (Y)curse a ruler of your people.

29 “You shall not delay to offer from the fullness of your harvest and from the outflow of your presses. (Z)The firstborn of your sons you shall give to me. 30 (AA)You shall do the same with your oxen and with your sheep: (AB)seven days it shall be with its mother; on the eighth day you shall give it to me.

31 (AC)“You shall be consecrated to me. Therefore (AD)you shall not eat any flesh that is torn by beasts in the field; (AE)you shall throw it to the dogs.

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 22:1 Ch 21:37 in Hebrew
  2. Exodus 22:2 Ch 22:1 in Hebrew
  3. Exodus 22:3 That is, the thief
  4. Exodus 22:15 Or it is reckoned in (Hebrew comes into) its hiring fee
  5. Exodus 22:16 Or a girl of marriageable age; also verse 17
  6. Exodus 22:16 Or engagement present; also verse 17
  7. Exodus 22:20 That is, set apart (devoted) as an offering to the Lord (for destruction)

22 Se un ladro viene sorpreso mentre sta facendo una breccia in un muro e viene colpito e muore, non vi è vendetta di sangue. Ma se il sole si era gia alzato su di lui, a suo riguardo vi è vendetta di sangue.

Il ladro dovrà dare l'indennizzo: se non avrà di che pagare, sarà venduto in compenso dell'oggetto rubato. Se si trova ancora in vita e in suo possesso ciò che è stato rubato, si tratti di bue, di asino o di montone, restituirà il doppio.

Delitti che esigono un indennizzo

Quando un uomo usa come pascolo un campo o una vigna e lascia che il suo bestiame vada a pascolare nel campo altrui, deve dare l'indennizzo con il meglio del suo campo e con il meglio della sua vigna.

Quando un fuoco si propaga e si attacca ai cespugli spinosi, se viene bruciato un mucchio di covoni o il grano in spiga o il grano in erba, colui che ha provocato l'incendio darà l'indennizzo.

Quando un uomo dà in custodia al suo prossimo argento od oggetti e poi nella casa di questo uomo viene commesso un furto, se si trova il ladro, restituirà il doppio. Se il ladro non si trova, il padrone della casa si accosterà a Dio per giurare che non ha allungato la mano sulla proprietà del suo prossimo.

Qualunque sia l'oggetto di una frode, si tratti di un bue, di un asino, di un montone, di una veste, di qualunque oggetto perduto, di cui uno dice: «E' questo!», la causa delle due parti andrà fino a Dio: colui che Dio dichiarerà colpevole restituirà il doppio al suo prossimo.

Quando un uomo dà in custodia al suo prossimo un asino o un bue o un capo di bestiame minuto o qualsiasi bestia, se la bestia è morta o si è prodotta una frattura o è stata rapita senza testimone, 10 tra le due parti interverrà un giuramento per il Signore, per dichiarare che il depositario non ha allungato la mano sulla proprietà del suo prossimo. Il padrone della bestia accetterà e l'altro non dovrà restituire. 11 Ma se la bestia è stata rubata quando si trovava presso di lui, pagherà l'indennizzo al padrone di essa. 12 Se invece è stata sbranata, la porterà in testimonianza e non dovrà dare l'indennizzo per la bestia sbranata.

13 Quando un uomo prende in prestito dal suo prossimo una bestia e questa si è prodotta una frattura o è morta in assenza del padrone, dovrà pagare l'indennizzo. 14 Ma se il padrone si trova presente, non deve restituire; se si tratta di una bestia presa a nolo, la sua perdita è compensata dal prezzo del noleggio.

Violenza a una vergine

15 Quando un uomo seduce una vergine non ancora fidanzata e pecca con lei, ne pagherà la dote nuziale ed essa diverrà sua moglie. 16 Se il padre di lei si rifiuta di dargliela, egli dovrà versare una somma di denaro pari alla dote nuziale delle vergini.

Leggi morali e religiose

17 Non lascerai vivere colei che pratica la magìa.

18 Chiunque si abbrutisce con una bestia sia messo a morte.

19 Colui che offre un sacrificio agli dei, oltre al solo Signore, sarà votato allo sterminio.

20 Non molesterai il forestiero né lo opprimerai, perché voi siete stati forestieri nel paese d'Egitto.

21 Non maltratterai la vedova o l'orfano. 22 Se tu lo maltratti, quando invocherà da me l'aiuto, io ascolterò il suo grido, 23 la mia collera si accenderà e vi farò morire di spada: le vostre mogli saranno vedove e i vostri figli orfani.

24 Se tu presti denaro a qualcuno del mio popolo, all'indigente che sta con te, non ti comporterai con lui da usuraio: voi non dovete imporgli alcun interesse.

25 Se prendi in pegno il mantello del tuo prossimo, glielo renderai al tramonto del sole, 26 perché è la sua sola coperta, è il mantello per la sua pelle; come potrebbe coprirsi dormendo? Altrimenti, quando invocherà da me l'aiuto, io ascolterò il suo grido, perché io sono pietoso.

27 Non bestemmierai Dio e non maledirai il principe del tuo popolo.

Primizie e primogeniti

28 Non ritarderai l'offerta di ciò che riempie il tuo granaio e di ciò che stilla dal tuo frantoio.

Il primogenito dei tuoi figli lo darai a me.

29 Così farai per il tuo bue e per il tuo bestiame minuto: sette giorni resterà con sua madre, l'ottavo giorno me lo darai.

30 Voi sarete per me uomini santi: non mangerete la carne di una bestia sbranata nella campagna, la getterete ai cani.