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宣律例首論待僕

21 「你在百姓面前所要立的典章是這樣: 你若買希伯來人做奴僕,他必服侍你六年,第七年他可以自由,白白地出去。 他若孤身來,就可以孤身去;他若有妻,他的妻就可以同他出去。 他主人若給他妻子,妻子給他生了兒子或女兒,妻子和兒女要歸主人,他要獨自出去。 倘或奴僕明說:『我愛我的主人和我的妻子、兒女,不願意自由出去。』 他的主人就要帶他到審判官[a]那裡,又要帶他到門前,靠近門框,用錐子穿他的耳朵,他就永遠服侍主人。

「人若賣女兒做婢女,婢女不可像男僕那樣出去。 主人選定她歸自己,若不喜歡她,就要許她贖身;主人既然用詭詐待她,就沒有權柄賣給外邦人。 主人若選定她給自己的兒子,就當待她如同女兒。 10 若另娶一個,那女子的吃食、衣服並好合的事,仍不可減少。 11 若不向她行這三樣,她就可以不用錢贖,白白地出去。

殺人之例

12 「打人以致打死的,必要把他治死。 13 人若不是埋伏著殺人,乃是神交在他手中,我就設下一個地方,他可以往那裡逃跑。 14 人若任意用詭計殺了他的鄰舍,就是逃到我的壇那裡,也當捉去把他治死。

15 「打父母的,必要把他治死。

16 「拐帶人口,或是把人賣了,或是留在他手下,必要把他治死。

17 「咒罵父母的,必要把他治死。

18 「人若彼此相爭,這個用石頭或是拳頭打那個,尚且不至於死,不過躺臥在床, 19 若再能起來扶杖而出,那打他的可算無罪,但要將他耽誤的工夫用錢賠補,並要將他全然醫好。

20 「人若用棍子打奴僕或婢女,立時死在他的手下,他必要受刑。 21 若過一兩天才死,就可以不受刑,因為是用錢買的。

22 「人若彼此爭鬥,傷害有孕的婦人,甚至墜胎,隨後卻無別害,那傷害她的總要按婦人的丈夫所要的,照審判官所斷的受罰。 23 若有別害,就要以命償命, 24 以眼還眼,以牙還牙,以手還手,以腳還腳, 25 以烙還烙,以傷還傷,以打還打。

26 「人若打壞了他奴僕或是婢女的一隻眼,就要因他的眼放他去得以自由。 27 若打掉了他奴僕或是婢女的一個牙,就要因他的牙放他去得以自由。

28 「牛若觸死男人或是女人,總要用石頭打死那牛,卻不可吃牠的肉,牛的主人可算無罪。 29 倘若那牛素來是觸人的,有人報告了牛主,他竟不把牛拴著,以致把男人或是女人觸死,就要用石頭打死那牛,牛主也必治死。 30 若罰他贖命的價銀,他必照所罰的贖他的命。 31 牛無論觸了人的兒子或是女兒,必照這例辦理。 32 牛若觸了奴僕或是婢女,必將銀子三十舍客勒給他們的主人,也要用石頭把牛打死。

33 「人若敞著井口,或挖井不遮蓋,有牛或驢掉在裡頭, 34 井主要拿錢賠還本主人,死牲畜要歸自己。

35 「這人的牛若傷了那人的牛,以至於死,他們要賣了活牛,平分價值,也要平分死牛。 36 人若知道這牛素來是觸人的,主人竟不把牛拴著,他必要以牛還牛,死牛要歸自己。

Footnotes

  1. 出埃及記 21:6 「審判官」或作「神」,下同。

21 “These are the laws(A) you are to set before them:

Hebrew Servants(B)(C)

“If you buy a Hebrew servant,(D) he is to serve you for six years. But in the seventh year, he shall go free,(E) without paying anything. If he comes alone, he is to go free alone; but if he has a wife when he comes, she is to go with him. If his master gives him a wife and she bears him sons or daughters, the woman and her children shall belong to her master, and only the man shall go free.

“But if the servant declares, ‘I love my master and my wife and children and do not want to go free,’(F) then his master must take him before the judges.[a](G) He shall take him to the door or the doorpost and pierce(H) his ear with an awl. Then he will be his servant for life.(I)

“If a man sells his daughter as a servant, she is not to go free as male servants do. If she does not please the master who has selected her for himself,[b] he must let her be redeemed. He has no right to sell her to foreigners, because he has broken faith with her. If he selects her for his son, he must grant her the rights of a daughter. 10 If he marries another woman, he must not deprive the first one of her food, clothing and marital rights.(J) 11 If he does not provide her with these three things, she is to go free, without any payment of money.

Personal Injuries

12 “Anyone who strikes a person with a fatal blow is to be put to death.(K) 13 However, if it is not done intentionally, but God lets it happen, they are to flee to a place(L) I will designate. 14 But if anyone schemes and kills someone deliberately,(M) that person is to be taken from my altar and put to death.(N)

15 “Anyone who attacks[c] their father or mother is to be put to death.

16 “Anyone who kidnaps someone is to be put to death,(O) whether the victim has been sold(P) or is still in the kidnapper’s possession.

17 “Anyone who curses their father or mother is to be put to death.(Q)

18 “If people quarrel and one person hits another with a stone or with their fist[d] and the victim does not die but is confined to bed, 19 the one who struck the blow will not be held liable if the other can get up and walk around outside with a staff; however, the guilty party must pay the injured person for any loss of time and see that the victim is completely healed.

20 “Anyone who beats their male or female slave with a rod must be punished if the slave dies as a direct result, 21 but they are not to be punished if the slave recovers after a day or two, since the slave is their property.(R)

22 “If people are fighting and hit a pregnant woman and she gives birth prematurely[e] but there is no serious injury, the offender must be fined whatever the woman’s husband demands(S) and the court allows. 23 But if there is serious injury, you are to take life for life,(T) 24 eye for eye, tooth for tooth,(U) hand for hand, foot for foot, 25 burn for burn, wound for wound, bruise for bruise.

26 “An owner who hits a male or female slave in the eye and destroys it must let the slave go free to compensate for the eye. 27 And an owner who knocks out the tooth of a male or female slave must let the slave go free to compensate for the tooth.

28 “If a bull gores a man or woman to death, the bull is to be stoned to death,(V) and its meat must not be eaten. But the owner of the bull will not be held responsible. 29 If, however, the bull has had the habit of goring and the owner has been warned but has not kept it penned up(W) and it kills a man or woman, the bull is to be stoned and its owner also is to be put to death. 30 However, if payment is demanded, the owner may redeem his life by the payment of whatever is demanded.(X) 31 This law also applies if the bull gores a son or daughter. 32 If the bull gores a male or female slave, the owner must pay thirty shekels[f](Y) of silver to the master of the slave, and the bull is to be stoned to death.

33 “If anyone uncovers a pit(Z) or digs one and fails to cover it and an ox or a donkey falls into it, 34 the one who opened the pit must pay the owner for the loss and take the dead animal in exchange.

35 “If anyone’s bull injures someone else’s bull and it dies, the two parties are to sell the live one and divide both the money and the dead animal equally. 36 However, if it was known that the bull had the habit of goring, yet the owner did not keep it penned up,(AA) the owner must pay, animal for animal, and take the dead animal in exchange.

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 21:6 Or before God
  2. Exodus 21:8 Or master so that he does not choose her
  3. Exodus 21:15 Or kills
  4. Exodus 21:18 Or with a tool
  5. Exodus 21:22 Or she has a miscarriage
  6. Exodus 21:32 That is, about 12 ounces or about 345 grams

The Law Concerning Servants(A)

21 “Now these are the [a]judgments which you shall (B)set before them: (C)If you buy a Hebrew servant, he shall serve six years; and in the seventh he shall go out free and pay nothing. If he comes in by himself, he shall go out by himself; if he comes in married, then his wife shall go out with him. If his master has given him a wife, and she has borne him sons or daughters, the wife and her children shall be her master’s, and he shall go out by himself. (D)But if the servant plainly says, ‘I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free,’ then his master shall bring him to the (E)judges. He shall also bring him to the door, or to the doorpost, and his master shall pierce his ear with an awl; and he shall serve him forever.

“And if a man (F)sells his daughter to be a female slave, she shall not go out as the male slaves do. If she [b]does not please her master, who has betrothed her to himself, then he shall let her be redeemed. He shall have no right to sell her to a foreign people, since he has dealt deceitfully with her. And if he has betrothed her to his son, he shall deal with her according to the custom of daughters. 10 If he takes another wife, he shall not diminish her food, her clothing, (G)and her marriage rights. 11 And if he does not do these three for her, then she shall go out free, without paying money.

The Law Concerning Violence

12 (H)“He who strikes a man so that he dies shall surely be put to death. 13 However, (I)if he did not lie in wait, but God (J)delivered him into his hand, then (K)I will appoint for you a place where he may flee.

14 “But if a man acts with (L)premeditation against his neighbor, to kill him by treachery, (M)you shall take him from My altar, that he may die.

15 “And he who strikes his father or his mother shall surely be put to death.

16 (N)“He who kidnaps a man and (O)sells him, or if he is (P)found in his hand, shall surely be put to death.

17 “And (Q)he who curses his father or his mother shall surely be put to death.

18 “If men contend with each other, and one strikes the other with a stone or with his fist, and he does not die but is confined to his bed, 19 if he rises again and walks about outside (R)with his staff, then he who struck him shall be [c]acquitted. He shall only pay for the loss of his time, and shall provide for him to be thoroughly healed.

20 “And if a man beats his male or female servant with a rod, so that he dies under his hand, he shall surely be punished. 21 Notwithstanding, if he remains alive a day or two, he shall not be punished; for he is his (S)property.

22 “If men [d]fight, and hurt a woman with child, so that [e]she gives birth prematurely, yet no harm follows, he shall surely be punished accordingly as the woman’s husband imposes on him; and he shall (T)pay as the judges determine. 23 But if any harm follows, then you shall give life for life, 24 (U)eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, 25 burn for burn, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.

26 “If a man strikes the eye of his male or female servant, and destroys it, he shall let him go free for the sake of his eye. 27 And if he knocks out the tooth of his male or female servant, he shall let him go free for the sake of his tooth.

Animal Control Laws

28 “If an ox gores a man or a woman to death, then (V)the ox shall surely be stoned, and its flesh shall not be eaten; but the owner of the ox shall be [f]acquitted. 29 But if the ox [g]tended to thrust with its horn in times past, and it has been made known to his owner, and he has not kept it confined, so that it has killed a man or a woman, the ox shall be stoned and its owner also shall be put to death. 30 If there is imposed on him a sum of money, then he shall pay (W)to redeem his life, whatever is imposed on him. 31 Whether it has gored a son or gored a daughter, according to this judgment it shall be done to him. 32 If the ox gores a male or female servant, he shall give to their master (X)thirty shekels of silver, and the (Y)ox shall be stoned.

33 “And if a man opens a pit, or if a man digs a pit and does not cover it, and an ox or a donkey falls in it, 34 the owner of the pit shall make it good; he shall give money to their owner, but the dead animal shall be his.

35 “If one man’s ox hurts another’s, so that it dies, then they shall sell the live ox and divide the money from it; and the dead ox they shall also divide. 36 Or if it was known that the ox tended to thrust in time past, and its owner has not kept it confined, he shall surely pay ox for ox, and the dead animal shall be his own.

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 21:1 ordinances
  2. Exodus 21:8 Lit. is evil in the eyes of
  3. Exodus 21:19 exempt from punishment
  4. Exodus 21:22 struggle
  5. Exodus 21:22 Lit. her children come out
  6. Exodus 21:28 exempt from punishment
  7. Exodus 21:29 was inclined