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La charte de l’alliance

20 Alors Dieu prononça toutes ces paroles :

Je suis l’Eternel ton Dieu qui t’ai fait sortir d’Egypte, du pays où tu étais esclave.

Tu n’auras pas d’autre dieu que moi.

Tu ne te feras pas d’idole ni de représentation quelconque de ce qui se trouve en haut dans le ciel, ici-bas sur la terre, ou dans les eaux plus bas que la terre[a]. Tu ne te prosterneras pas devant de telles idoles[b] et tu ne leur rendras pas de culte, car moi, l’Eternel, ton Dieu, je suis un Dieu qui ne tolère aucun rival[c] : je punis les fils pour la faute de leur père, jusqu’à la troisième, voire la quatrième génération de ceux qui me haïssent. Mais j’agis avec amour jusqu’à la millième génération envers ceux qui m’aiment et qui obéissent à mes commandements.

Tu n’utiliseras pas le nom de l’Eternel ton Dieu pour tromper[d], car l’Eternel ne laisse pas impuni celui qui utilise son nom pour tromper[e].

Pense à observer le jour du sabbat et fais-en un jour consacré à l’Eternel. Tu travailleras six jours pour faire tout ce que tu as à faire. 10 Mais le septième jour est le jour du repos consacré à l’Eternel, ton Dieu ; tu ne feras aucun travail ce jour-là, ni toi, ni ton fils, ni ta fille, ni ton serviteur, ni ta servante, ni ton bétail, ni l’étranger qui réside chez toi ; 11 car en six jours, l’Eternel a fait le ciel, la terre, la mer, et tout ce qui s’y trouve, mais le septième jour, il s’est reposé. C’est pourquoi l’Eternel a béni le jour du sabbat et en a fait un jour qui lui est consacré[f].

12 Honore ton père et ta mère afin de jouir d’une longue vie dans le pays que l’Eternel ton Dieu te donne[g].

13 Tu ne commettras pas de meurtre[h].

14 Tu ne commettras pas d’adultère[i].

15 Tu ne commettras pas de vol[j].

16 Tu ne porteras pas de faux témoignage contre ton prochain[k].

17 Tu ne convoiteras pas la maison de ton prochain, tu ne convoiteras pas la femme de ton prochain, ni son serviteur, ni sa servante, ni son bœuf, ni son âne, ni rien qui appartienne à ton prochain[l].

Moïse : intermédiaire entre Dieu et le peuple

18 Tout le peuple entendait le tonnerre et le son du cor et voyait les éclairs et la fumée qui enveloppait la montagne. A ce spectacle, ils se mirent tous à trembler de peur et ils se tinrent à distance. 19 Ils dirent à Moïse : Parle-nous toi-même, et nous t’obéirons, mais que Dieu ne nous parle pas directement, pour que nous ne mourions pas[m].

20 Moïse répondit : N’ayez pas peur ! Si Dieu est venu ainsi, c’est pour vous mettre à l’épreuve, et pour que vous le craigniez afin de ne pas pécher.

21 Le peuple restait à distance, Moïse seul s’approcha de l’épaisse nuée dans laquelle Dieu se tenait.

La loi sur les autels pour l’Eternel

22 L’Eternel dit à Moïse : Voici ce que tu diras aux Israélites : « Vous avez vu comme je vous ai parlé du haut du ciel. 23 Vous ne m’associerez aucune divinité, vous ne vous fabriquerez aucune idole en argent ou en or. 24 Vous construirez pour moi un autel en terre sur lequel vous offrirez vos holocaustes et vos sacrifices de communion, votre petit et votre gros bétail ; en tout lieu où je rappellerai mon souvenir, je viendrai vers vous et je vous bénirai. 25 Si vous me construisez un autel en pierres, vous ne le bâtirez pas en pierres taillées, car en taillant les pierres au ciseau, vous les profaneriez[n]. 26 Vous ne construirez pas d’autel auquel on monte par des marches pour ne pas exposer aux regards la nudité de ceux qui y monteront. »

Footnotes

  1. 20.4 Pour les v. 4-5, voir Ex 34.17 ; Lv 19.4 ; 26.1 ; Dt 4.15-18 ; 27.15.
  2. 20.5 Ce mot est aussi traduit par images.
  3. 20.5 Souvent traduit : je suis un Dieu jaloux. L’expression signifie que Dieu requiert que son peuple lui conserve l’exclusivité dans son culte. C’est là une marque de l’amour divin. On peut comparer au mari qui, parce qu’il aime son épouse, attend l’exclusivité dans sa relation avec elle (voir 34.14 ; Dt 4.24 ; 32.16, 21 ; Jos 24.19 ; Ps 78.58 ; 1 Co 10.22).
  4. 20.7 Autre traduction : de manière abusive.
  5. 20.7 Voir Lv 19.12.
  6. 20.11 Voir Gn 2.1-3 ; Ex 16.23-30 ; 23.12 ; 31.12-17 ; 34.21 ; 35.2 ; Lv 23.3.
  7. 20.12 Voir Dt 27.16 ; Mt 15.4 ; 19.19 ; Mc 7.10 ; 10.19 ; Lc 18.20 ; Ep 6.2-3.
  8. 20.13 Voir Gn 9.6 ; Lv 24.17 ; Mt 5.21 ; 19.18 ; Mc 10.19 ; Lc 18.20 ; Rm 13.9 ; Jc 2.11.
  9. 20.14 Voir Lv 20.10 ; Mt 5.27 ; 19.18 ; Mc 10.19 ; Lc 18.20 ; Rm 13.9 ; Jc 2.11.
  10. 20.15 Voir Lv 19.11 ; Mt 19.18 ; Mc 10.19 ; Lc 18.20 ; Rm 13.9.
  11. 20.16 Voir Ex 23.1 ; Mt 19.18 ; Mc 10.19 ; Lc 18.20.
  12. 20.17 Voir Rm 7.7 ; 13.9.
  13. 20.19 Allusion en Hé 12.18-19.
  14. 20.25 Voir Dt 27.5-6 ; Jos 8.31.

20 And God spake all these words, saying,

I am the Lord thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.

Thou shalt have no other gods before me.

Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth.

Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me;

And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.

Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.

Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy.

Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work:

10 But the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:

11 For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it.

12 Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee.

13 Thou shalt not kill.

14 Thou shalt not commit adultery.

15 Thou shalt not steal.

16 Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.

17 Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour's.

18 And all the people saw the thunderings, and the lightnings, and the noise of the trumpet, and the mountain smoking: and when the people saw it, they removed, and stood afar off.

19 And they said unto Moses, Speak thou with us, and we will hear: but let not God speak with us, lest we die.

20 And Moses said unto the people, Fear not: for God is come to prove you, and that his fear may be before your faces, that ye sin not.

21 And the people stood afar off, and Moses drew near unto the thick darkness where God was.

22 And the Lord said unto Moses, Thus thou shalt say unto the children of Israel, Ye have seen that I have talked with you from heaven.

23 Ye shall not make with me gods of silver, neither shall ye make unto you gods of gold.

24 An altar of earth thou shalt make unto me, and shalt sacrifice thereon thy burnt offerings, and thy peace offerings, thy sheep, and thine oxen: in all places where I record my name I will come unto thee, and I will bless thee.

25 And if thou wilt make me an altar of stone, thou shalt not build it of hewn stone: for if thou lift up thy tool upon it, thou hast polluted it.

26 Neither shalt thou go up by steps unto mine altar, that thy nakedness be not discovered thereon.

The Ten Commandments(A)

20 And God spoke(B) all these words:(C)

“I am the Lord your God,(D) who brought you out(E) of Egypt,(F) out of the land of slavery.(G)

“You shall have no other gods before[a] me.(H)

“You shall not make for yourself an image(I) in the form of anything in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the waters below. You shall not bow down to them or worship(J) them; for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God,(K) punishing the children for the sin of the parents(L) to the third and fourth generation(M) of those who hate me, but showing love to a thousand(N) generations of those who love me and keep my commandments.

“You shall not misuse the name of the Lord your God, for the Lord will not hold anyone guiltless who misuses his name.(O)

“Remember the Sabbath(P) day by keeping it holy. Six days you shall labor and do all your work,(Q) 10 but the seventh day is a sabbath(R) to the Lord your God. On it you shall not do any work, neither you, nor your son or daughter, nor your male or female servant, nor your animals, nor any foreigner residing in your towns. 11 For in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth,(S) the sea, and all that is in them, but he rested(T) on the seventh day.(U) Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and made it holy.

12 “Honor your father and your mother,(V) so that you may live long(W) in the land(X) the Lord your God is giving you.

13 “You shall not murder.(Y)

14 “You shall not commit adultery.(Z)

15 “You shall not steal.(AA)

16 “You shall not give false testimony(AB) against your neighbor.(AC)

17 “You shall not covet(AD) your neighbor’s house. You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, or his male or female servant, his ox or donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor.”

18 When the people saw the thunder and lightning and heard the trumpet(AE) and saw the mountain in smoke,(AF) they trembled with fear.(AG) They stayed at a distance 19 and said to Moses, “Speak to us yourself and we will listen. But do not have God speak(AH) to us or we will die.”(AI)

20 Moses said to the people, “Do not be afraid.(AJ) God has come to test(AK) you, so that the fear(AL) of God will be with you to keep you from sinning.”(AM)

21 The people remained at a distance, while Moses approached the thick darkness(AN) where God was.

Idols and Altars

22 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Tell the Israelites this: ‘You have seen for yourselves that I have spoken to you from heaven:(AO) 23 Do not make any gods to be alongside me;(AP) do not make for yourselves gods of silver or gods of gold.(AQ)

24 “‘Make an altar(AR) of earth for me and sacrifice on it your burnt offerings(AS) and fellowship offerings, your sheep and goats and your cattle. Wherever I cause my name(AT) to be honored, I will come to you and bless(AU) you. 25 If you make an altar of stones for me, do not build it with dressed stones, for you will defile it if you use a tool(AV) on it. 26 And do not go up to my altar on steps, or your private parts(AW) may be exposed.’

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 20:3 Or besides

The Ten Commandments(A)

20 And God spoke (B)all these words, saying:

(C)“I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, (D)out of the house of [a]bondage.

(E)“You shall have no other gods before Me.

(F)“You shall not make for yourself a carved image—any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; (G)you shall not bow down to them nor [b]serve them. (H)For I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, (I)visiting[c] the iniquity of the fathers upon the children to the third and fourth generations of those who hate Me, but (J)showing mercy to thousands, to those who love Me and keep My commandments.

(K)“You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain, for the Lord (L)will not hold him guiltless who takes His name in vain.

(M)“Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. (N)Six days you shall labor and do all your work, 10 but the (O)seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord your God. In it you shall do no work: you, nor your son, nor your daughter, nor your male servant, nor your female servant, nor your cattle, (P)nor your stranger who is within your gates. 11 For (Q)in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and hallowed it.

12 (R)“Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be (S)long upon the land which the Lord your God is giving you.

13 (T)“You shall not murder.

14 (U)“You shall not commit (V)adultery.

15 (W)“You shall not steal.

16 (X)“You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.

17 (Y)“You shall not covet your neighbor’s house; (Z)you shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, nor his male servant, nor his female servant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor anything that is your neighbor’s.”

The People Afraid of God’s Presence

18 Now (AA)all the people (AB)witnessed the thunderings, the lightning flashes, the sound of the trumpet, and the mountain (AC)smoking; and when the people saw it, they trembled and stood afar off. 19 Then they said to Moses, (AD)“You speak with us, and we will hear; but (AE)let not God speak with us, lest we die.”

20 And Moses said to the people, (AF)“Do not fear; (AG)for God has come to test you, and (AH)that His fear may be before you, so that you may not sin.” 21 So the people stood afar off, but Moses drew near (AI)the thick darkness where God was.

The Law of the Altar

22 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Thus you shall say to the children of Israel: ‘You have seen that I have talked with you (AJ)from heaven. 23 You shall not make anything to be (AK)with Me—gods of silver or gods of gold you shall not make for yourselves. 24 An altar of (AL)earth you shall make for Me, and you shall sacrifice on it your burnt offerings and your peace offerings, (AM)your sheep and your oxen. In every (AN)place where I [d]record My name I will come to you, and I will (AO)bless you. 25 And (AP)if you make Me an altar of stone, you shall not build it of hewn stone; for if you (AQ)use your tool on it, you have profaned it. 26 Nor shall you go up by steps to My altar, that your (AR)nakedness may not be exposed on it.’

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 20:2 slaves
  2. Exodus 20:5 worship
  3. Exodus 20:5 punishing
  4. Exodus 20:24 cause My name to be remembered

The Ten Commandments

20 (A)And (B)God spoke all these words, saying,

(C)“I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery.

(D)“You shall have no other gods before[a] me.

(E)“You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. (F)You shall not bow down to them or serve them, for I the Lord your God am (G)a jealous God, (H)visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and fourth generation of those who hate me, but showing steadfast love to thousands[b] of those who love me and keep my commandments.

(I)“You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain, for the Lord will not hold him guiltless who takes his name in vain.

(J)“Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. (K)Six days you shall labor, and do all your work, 10 but the (L)seventh day is a Sabbath to the Lord your God. On it you shall not do any work, you, or your son, or your daughter, your male servant, or your female servant, or your livestock, or the (M)sojourner who is within your gates. 11 For (N)in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested on the seventh day. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and made it holy.

12 (O)“Honor your father and your mother, (P)that your days may be long in the land that the Lord your God is giving you.

13 (Q)“You shall not murder.[c]

14 (R)“You shall not commit adultery.

15 (S)“You shall not steal.

16 (T)“You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.

17 (U)“You shall not covet (V)your neighbor's house; (W)you shall not covet your neighbor's wife, or his male servant, or his female servant, or his ox, or his donkey, or anything that is your neighbor's.”

18 Now when all the people saw (X)the thunder and the flashes of lightning and the sound of the trumpet and the mountain smoking, the people were afraid[d] and trembled, and they stood far off 19 and said to Moses, (Y)“You speak to us, and we will listen; but do not let God speak to us, lest we die.” 20 (Z)Moses said to the people, “Do not fear, for God has come to (AA)test you, that the fear of him may be before you, that you may not sin.” 21 The people stood far off, while Moses drew near to the (AB)thick darkness where God was.

Laws About Altars

22 And the Lord said to Moses, “Thus you shall say to the people of Israel: ‘You have seen for yourselves that I have (AC)talked with you from heaven. 23 (AD)You shall not make gods of silver to be with me, nor shall you make for yourselves gods of gold. 24 An altar of earth you shall make for me and sacrifice on it your burnt offerings and your peace offerings, your sheep and your oxen. (AE)In every place where I cause my name to be remembered I will come to you and (AF)bless you. 25 (AG)If you make me an altar of stone, (AH)you shall not build it of hewn stones, for if you wield your tool on it you profane it. 26 And you shall not go up by steps to my altar, that your nakedness be not exposed on it.’

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 20:3 Or besides
  2. Exodus 20:6 Or to the thousandth generation
  3. Exodus 20:13 The Hebrew word also covers causing human death through carelessness or negligence
  4. Exodus 20:18 Samaritan, Septuagint, Syriac, Vulgate; Masoretic Text the people saw