Dans le désert de Sin : les cailles et la manne

16 Toute la communauté des Israélites quitta Elim et, le quinzième jour du second mois qui suivit leur sortie d’Egypte, les Israélites arrivèrent au désert de Sin[a], qui s’étend entre Elim et le Sinaï. Là, dans le désert, toute l’assemblée des Israélites se plaignit de Moïse et d’Aaron. Ils leur dirent : Ah ! pourquoi l’Eternel ne nous a-t-il pas fait mourir en Egypte où nous étions installés devant des marmites pleines de viande et où nous mangions du pain à satiété ? Tandis qu’à présent, vous nous avez fait venir dans ce désert pour y faire mourir de faim toute cette multitude.

Alors l’Eternel dit à Moïse : Regarde, je vais faire pleuvoir du ciel sur vous du pain ; le peuple sortira et en ramassera chaque jour la ration nécessaire. Je le mettrai à l’épreuve de la sorte et je verrai s’il se conforme ou non à mes instructions[b]. Le sixième jour, il y en aura deux fois plus que les autres jours à ramasser et à apprêter.

Moïse et Aaron dirent à tous les Israélites : Ce soir vous saurez que c’est l’Eternel qui vous a fait sortir d’Egypte, et demain matin, vous verrez se manifester la gloire de l’Eternel, car il vous a entendu vous plaindre de lui, l’Eternel. Car qui sommes-nous, pour que vous vous plaigniez de nous ? Oui, dit-il, vous le saurez ce soir, quand l’Eternel vous donnera de la viande à manger, et demain lorsqu’il vous donnera du pain à satiété ; car l’Eternel a entendu les plaintes que vous avez formulées contre lui. Nous, que sommes-nous ? Ce n’est pas de nous que vous vous êtes plaints, mais de l’Eternel.

Puis Moïse dit à Aaron : Ordonne à toute l’assemblée des Israélites de se présenter devant l’Eternel car il a entendu leurs plaintes.

10 Pendant qu’Aaron parlait à toute l’assemblée des Israélites, ceux-ci se tournèrent du côté du désert, et voilà que la gloire de l’Eternel apparut dans la nuée.

11 L’Eternel s’adressa à Moïse et lui dit : 12 J’ai entendu les plaintes des Israélites. Dis-leur donc : « Ce soir, avant qu’il fasse nuit, vous mangerez de la viande, et demain matin vous vous rassasierez de pain, et vous saurez que je suis l’Eternel votre Dieu. »

13 En effet, le soir même, des cailles[c] vinrent s’abattre sur le campement qui en fut recouvert ; et le lendemain matin, il y avait une couche de rosée tout autour du camp. 14 Lorsque cette rosée se fut dissipée, on aperçut par terre, sur le sol du désert, un mince dépôt granuleux, fin comme du givre, qui restait. 15 En voyant cela, les Israélites se demandèrent les uns aux autres : Qu’est-ce que c’est[d] ? car ils ne savaient pas ce que c’était.

Moïse leur dit : C’est le pain que l’Eternel vous donne à manger[e]. 16 Voici ce qu’il a ordonné à ce sujet : Que chacun de vous en ramasse autant qu’il est nécessaire à sa nourriture, soit environ quatre litres[f] par personne. Chacun en prendra pour le nombre de ceux qui sont dans sa tente.

17 Les Israélites agirent ainsi : ils en ramassèrent les uns plus, les autres moins. 18 Lorsqu’ils mesurèrent leur récolte, celui qui en avait ramassé beaucoup n’avait rien de trop, et celui qui en avait pris moins, n’en manquait pas ; chacun en avait ramassé ce qu’il lui fallait pour manger[g].

19 Moïse leur recommanda : Que personne n’en garde jusqu’à demain matin.

20 Mais certains ne lui obéirent pas et en gardèrent pour le lendemain ; il s’y mit des vers et cela sentait mauvais. Alors Moïse se fâcha contre ces gens. 21 Tous les matins, ils ramassaient donc la manne, chacun la ration nécessaire à sa nourriture. Quand le soleil devenait chaud, elle fondait.

Le jour du repos

22 Le sixième jour, ils en ramassèrent une quantité double, c’est-à-dire environ huit litres par personne au lieu de quatre. Les chefs de la communauté vinrent en informer Moïse, 23 qui leur dit : C’est bien ce que l’Eternel a ordonné. Demain, c’est un jour de repos, le sabbat qui est consacré à l’Eternel. Ce que vous avez à cuire au four, cuisez-le aujourd’hui ; ce que vous avez à faire bouillir, faites-le bouillir aujourd’hui ; et tout ce qui est en plus, mettez-le en réserve pour demain[h].

24 Ils mirent donc le reste en réserve jusqu’au lendemain, comme Moïse l’avait ordonné, et il n’y eut ni mauvaise odeur ni vers. 25 Moïse leur dit alors : Mangez aujourd’hui ce que vous avez mis en réserve, car c’est le jour du repos en l’honneur de l’Eternel ; aujourd’hui vous ne trouverez pas de manne dehors. 26 Pendant six jours vous en ramasserez ; mais le septième jour, le jour du sabbat, il n’y en aura pas.

27 Cependant, le septième jour, il y eut des gens qui sortirent pour faire leur provision, mais ils ne trouvèrent rien. 28 Alors l’Eternel dit à Moïse : Jusqu’à quand refuserez-vous d’obéir à mes commandements et à mes lois ? 29 Considérez donc que si l’Eternel vous a donné le jour du repos, il vous donne aussi, le sixième jour, de la nourriture pour deux jours ! Le septième jour, que chacun reste donc dans sa tente et que personne ne sorte de chez lui.

30 Ainsi le peuple se reposa le septième jour.

31 Les Israélites donnèrent à cette nourriture le nom de manne (Qu’est-ce que c’est[i] ?). Elle ressemblait à des grains de coriandre[j] blanche, et elle avait un goût de beignet au miel.

32 Moïse dit : Voici ce que l’Eternel a ordonné : Prenez environ quatre litres de cette manne et conservez-les pour les générations futures, pour qu’elles voient l’aliment dont je vous ai nourri au désert, après vous avoir fait sortir d’Egypte.

33 Moïse dit donc à Aaron : Prends un récipient et mets-y environ quatre litres de manne, puis dépose-le devant l’Eternel afin de le conserver pour les générations futures[k].

34 Comme l’Eternel l’avait ordonné à Moïse, Aaron le déposa comme souvenir devant le coffre de l’acte de l’alliance.

35 Les Israélites mangèrent de la manne pendant quarante ans, jusqu’à leur arrivée dans un pays habité, aux confins du pays de Canaan[l]. 36 (La mesure utilisée, environ quatre litres, correspondait à un dixième de la mesure habituelle[m].)

Footnotes

  1. 16.1 Au sud de la péninsule du Sinaï.
  2. 16.4 Voir Jn 6.31.
  3. 16.13 Au printemps, des vols de cailles émigrent d’Arabie et d’Afrique vers le nord. Le phénomène se reproduit dans Nb 11.31-32.
  4. 16.15 En hébreu, mân hou, d’où dérive le nom manne selon le v. 31.
  5. 16.15 Voir 1 Co 10.3.
  6. 16.16 Il s’agit d’un omer.
  7. 16.18 Cité en 2 Co 8.15.
  8. 16.23 Voir Ex 20.8-11.
  9. 16.31 Voir v. 15 et note.
  10. 16.31 Ombellifère aux graines blanches qui pousse à l’état sauvage en Arabie, en Afrique du Nord et en Israël. Son fruit sert d’assaisonnement (voir Nb 11.7).
  11. 16.33 Allusion en Hé 9.4.
  12. 16.35 La manne a cessé lors de la première Pâque célébrée en Canaan (Jos 5.10-12).
  13. 16.36 En hébreu : l’omer correspond à un dixième de l’épha.

16 And they took their journey from Elim, and all the congregation of the children of Israel came unto the wilderness of Sin, which is between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth day of the second month after their departing out of the land of Egypt.

And the whole congregation of the children of Israel murmured against Moses and Aaron in the wilderness:

And the children of Israel said unto them, Would to God we had died by the hand of the Lord in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the flesh pots, and when we did eat bread to the full; for ye have brought us forth into this wilderness, to kill this whole assembly with hunger.

Then said the Lord unto Moses, Behold, I will rain bread from heaven for you; and the people shall go out and gather a certain rate every day, that I may prove them, whether they will walk in my law, or no.

And it shall come to pass, that on the sixth day they shall prepare that which they bring in; and it shall be twice as much as they gather daily.

And Moses and Aaron said unto all the children of Israel, At even, then ye shall know that the Lord hath brought you out from the land of Egypt:

And in the morning, then ye shall see the glory of the Lord; for that he heareth your murmurings against the Lord: and what are we, that ye murmur against us?

And Moses said, This shall be, when the Lord shall give you in the evening flesh to eat, and in the morning bread to the full; for that the Lord heareth your murmurings which ye murmur against him: and what are we? your murmurings are not against us, but against the Lord.

And Moses spake unto Aaron, Say unto all the congregation of the children of Israel, Come near before the Lord: for he hath heard your murmurings.

10 And it came to pass, as Aaron spake unto the whole congregation of the children of Israel, that they looked toward the wilderness, and, behold, the glory of the Lord appeared in the cloud.

11 And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying,

12 I have heard the murmurings of the children of Israel: speak unto them, saying, At even ye shall eat flesh, and in the morning ye shall be filled with bread; and ye shall know that I am the Lord your God.

13 And it came to pass, that at even the quails came up, and covered the camp: and in the morning the dew lay round about the host.

14 And when the dew that lay was gone up, behold, upon the face of the wilderness there lay a small round thing, as small as the hoar frost on the ground.

15 And when the children of Israel saw it, they said one to another, It is manna: for they wist not what it was. And Moses said unto them, This is the bread which the Lord hath given you to eat.

16 This is the thing which the Lord hath commanded, Gather of it every man according to his eating, an omer for every man, according to the number of your persons; take ye every man for them which are in his tents.

17 And the children of Israel did so, and gathered, some more, some less.

18 And when they did mete it with an omer, he that gathered much had nothing over, and he that gathered little had no lack; they gathered every man according to his eating.

19 And Moses said, Let no man leave of it till the morning.

20 Notwithstanding they hearkened not unto Moses; but some of them left of it until the morning, and it bred worms, and stank: and Moses was wroth with them.

21 And they gathered it every morning, every man according to his eating: and when the sun waxed hot, it melted.

22 And it came to pass, that on the sixth day they gathered twice as much bread, two omers for one man: and all the rulers of the congregation came and told Moses.

23 And he said unto them, This is that which the Lord hath said, To morrow is the rest of the holy sabbath unto the Lord: bake that which ye will bake to day, and seethe that ye will seethe; and that which remaineth over lay up for you to be kept until the morning.

24 And they laid it up till the morning, as Moses bade: and it did not stink, neither was there any worm therein.

25 And Moses said, Eat that to day; for to day is a sabbath unto the Lord: to day ye shall not find it in the field.

26 Six days ye shall gather it; but on the seventh day, which is the sabbath, in it there shall be none.

27 And it came to pass, that there went out some of the people on the seventh day for to gather, and they found none.

28 And the Lord said unto Moses, How long refuse ye to keep my commandments and my laws?

29 See, for that the Lord hath given you the sabbath, therefore he giveth you on the sixth day the bread of two days; abide ye every man in his place, let no man go out of his place on the seventh day.

30 So the people rested on the seventh day.

31 And the house of Israel called the name thereof Manna: and it was like coriander seed, white; and the taste of it was like wafers made with honey.

32 And Moses said, This is the thing which the Lord commandeth, Fill an omer of it to be kept for your generations; that they may see the bread wherewith I have fed you in the wilderness, when I brought you forth from the land of Egypt.

33 And Moses said unto Aaron, Take a pot, and put an omer full of manna therein, and lay it up before the Lord, to be kept for your generations.

34 As the Lord commanded Moses, so Aaron laid it up before the Testimony, to be kept.

35 And the children of Israel did eat manna forty years, until they came to a land inhabited; they did eat manna, until they came unto the borders of the land of Canaan.

36 Now an omer is the tenth part of an ephah.

Bread in the Morning, Meat in the Evening

16 All the people of Israel left Elim, and came to the Desert of Sin, between Elim and Sinai. It was the fifteenth day of the second month after they left the land of Egypt. And all the people of Israel complained against Moses and Aaron in the desert, saying, “We should have died by the Lord’s hand in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the pots of meat and ate all the bread we wanted. For you have brought us out into this desert to kill all of us with hunger.”

Then the Lord said to Moses, “See, I will rain bread from heaven for you. The people will go out and gather a day’s share every day, so I may test them to see if they will follow My Law or not. On the sixth day they are to bring in twice as much as they gather each day.” So Moses and Aaron said to the people of Israel, “This evening you will know that the Lord has brought you out of the land of Egypt. And in the morning you will see the greatness of the Lord. For He hears your complaining against the Lord. What are we, that you complain against us?” Moses said, “The Lord is giving you meat to eat in the evening and all the bread you want in the morning. For He hears how you complain against Him. What are we? You complain not against us, but against the Lord.” Then Moses said to Aaron, “Say to all the people of Israel, ‘Come near to the Lord, for He has heard your complaining.’” 10 When Aaron spoke to all the people of Israel, they looked toward the desert. And they saw in the cloud the shining-greatness of the Lord. 11 The Lord said to Moses, 12 “I have heard the complaining of the people of Israel. Say to them, ‘In the evening you will eat meat, and in the morning you will be filled with bread. Then you will know that I am the Lord your God.’”

13 In the evening quails came and covered the place where the people were staying. And in the early morning a little water was around the tents. 14 When the water had gone, there were small white pieces all over the ground of the desert. 15 When the people of Israel saw it, they said to one another, “What is it?” For they did not know what it was. Moses said to them, “It is the bread that the Lord has given you to eat. 16 This is what the Lord has told you to do: ‘Every man gather as much of it as he can eat. Take a jar for every person that each of you has in his tent.’” 17 The people did so. Some gathered much and some less. 18 When they saw how much they had, he who had gathered much had no more than what was needed. And he who had gathered less had enough. Every man gathered as much as he could eat. 19 Moses said to them, “Let no one save any of it until morning.” 20 But they did not listen to Moses. Some left part of it until morning. And worms grew in it and it became bad to eat. So Moses was angry with them. 21 Morning after morning they gathered it, every man as much as he could eat. But when the sun became hot, it would melt.

22 On the sixth day they gathered twice as much bread, two jars for each person. When all the leaders of the people came and told Moses, 23 he said to them, “This is what the Lord said: ‘Tomorrow is a time of rest, a holy Day of Rest to the Lord. Make ready the food you will need for today. Then put aside what is left to be kept until morning.’” 24 So they put it aside until morning, as Moses told them. And it did not become bad to eat, and there were no worms in it. 25 Moses said, “Eat it today. For today is a Day of Rest to the Lord. Today you will not find it in the field. 26 Six days you will gather it. But on the seventh day, the Day of Rest, there will be none.” 27 On the seventh day some of the people went out to gather it. But they found none. 28 Then the Lord said to Moses, “How much longer will you go against My Word and My Laws? 29 See, the Lord has given you the Day of Rest. This is why He gives you bread for two days on the sixth day. Every man should stay home and not leave his place on the seventh day.” 30 So the people rested on the seventh day.

31 The people of Israel called it bread from heaven. It was like coriander seed, white, and tasted like bread made with honey. 32 Moses said, “This is what the Lord has said: ‘Let a jar of it be kept for your children and grandchildren to come, so they may see the bread that I fed you in the desert when I brought you out of the land of Egypt.’” 33 Then Moses said to Aaron, “Take a jar full of the bread from heaven. And put it before the Lord, to be kept for all your children to come.” 34 As the Lord told Moses, Aaron put it in front of the special box of the agreement to be kept. 35 The people of Israel ate the bread from heaven forty years, until they came to a land where other people lived. They ate the bread from heaven until they came to the land of Canaan. 36 (It took about ten jars to fill a large basket.)