司提反在議會講道

大祭司問司提反:「真有這些事嗎?」

司提反說:「各位父老兄弟,請聽!我們的先祖亞伯拉罕哈蘭以前,還在美索不達米亞的時候,榮耀的神向他顯現, 對他說:

『你要離開你的故土和親族,
到我所要指示你的地方去。』[a]

「於是亞伯拉罕離開迦勒底人的地方,住在哈蘭。他的父親死了以後,神使他從那裡遷移到你們現在所住的這地方。 在這裡,神並沒有賜給他繼業,連立足的地方也沒有。可是神應許要把這地賜給他和他的後裔為業。當時,亞伯拉罕還沒有孩子。 神這樣說:

『他的後裔要在他人之地做寄居的,
那裡的人要奴役、虐待他們四百年。
可是我要懲罰那奴役他們的國家。』
神又說:
『這些事以後,他們將要出來,在這地方事奉我。』[b]

神又賜給亞伯拉罕割禮的約。這樣,亞伯拉罕生了以撒,第八天給他行了割禮。後來以撒生了雅各雅各生了十二位先祖。

先祖在埃及

「先祖們嫉妒約瑟,把他賣到埃及去。可是神與他同在, 10 救他脫離一切患難,並且使他在埃及王法老面前蒙恩寵、有智慧。法老就委任約瑟做宰相,統管埃及和法老全家。 11 後來整個埃及[c]迦南地區遭遇了饑荒和大災難,我們的祖先找不到糧食。 12 雅各聽說埃及有糧食,就派我們的祖先去,這是第一次。 13 第二次去的時候,約瑟的身世被他的兄弟們知道了,這樣,約瑟的家族就被法老知道了。 14 於是約瑟派人把他的父親雅各和所有的親屬請來,一共七十五人[d][e] 15 雅各下到埃及,後來他死了,我們的祖先也死了, 16 遺體被帶回示劍,安放到亞伯拉罕示劍用一筆銀子從哈莫爾的子孫買來的墳墓裡。

拒絕摩西的拯救

17 「隨著神向亞伯拉罕所宣告[f]的那應許時期臨近,以色列子民在埃及興旺、增多, 18 直到另一個不認識約瑟的王起來統治埃及 19 這王狡猾地對待我們的同胞,虐待我們的祖先,強迫他們丟棄自己的嬰孩,好使嬰孩活不下去。 20 就在那時候,摩西出生了。他在神的眼裡[g]十分俊美,在父親家裡被撫養了三個月。 21 後來他被丟棄的時候,法老的女兒把他撿去,當做自己的兒子撫養。 22 摩西埃及人的一切智慧上受了教育,說話行事都有能力。

23 「當他滿四十歲的時候,心裡決定要去探望[h]自己的同胞[i]以色列子民。 24 他看見一個同胞[j]受欺負,就去衛護他,為那受壓迫的人報仇,打死了那個埃及人。 25 摩西以為自己的同胞[k]會領悟神是藉著他的手拯救他們[l],但他們卻不領悟。 26 第二天,一些同胞在爭鬥,摩西就出來,勸他們和睦,說:『各位!你們是同胞[m],為什麼互相欺負呢?』

27 「但那欺負同伴[n]的人把摩西推開,說:

『誰委任你做我們的首領和審判官呢? 28 難道你想殺了我,像你昨天殺了那個埃及人一樣嗎?』[o]

29 摩西聽了這話就逃跑了,並寄居在米甸[p],在那裡生了兩個兒子。 30 過了四十年,在西奈山的曠野,一位天使[q]在荊棘火焰中向摩西顯現。 31 摩西見了這景象[r],感到驚奇。正當他上前要觀看的時候,有主的聲音說: 32 『我是你祖先的神,就是亞伯拉罕以撒雅各的神[s]。』[t]摩西戰戰兢兢,不敢觀看。

33 「主對他說:

『脫掉你腳上的鞋,因為你站的地方是聖地。 34 我的子民在埃及的困苦,我確實看見了;他們的呻吟,我也聽見了;於是我下來要救他們。現在你來!我要差派你到埃及去。』[u]

35 「這摩西就是他們拒絕說『誰委任你做首領和審判官』[v]的那位,神卻藉著那在荊棘中向他顯現的天使的手,差派他做首領、做救贖者。 36 這個人帶領以色列子民出來,在埃及地、在紅海,並且在曠野的四十年間,行了奇事和神蹟。

以色列悖逆神

37 「這個人就是摩西,他曾告訴以色列子民:『神[w]將要從你們兄弟中給你們興起一位先知,像興起我一樣。[x][y] 38 這個人曾在曠野的會眾當中,與那在西奈山對他講話的天使在一起,又和我們的祖先在一起。他接受了生命的話語,把它傳給了我們。 39 我們的祖先不肯順從,反而棄絕了他,甚至在心裡轉回埃及去, 40 亞倫說:

『為我們造一些神明在我們前面引路吧,因為帶領我們出埃及地的那個摩西,我們不知道他出了什麼事!』[z]

41 在那些日子裡,他們造了一個牛犢的像,又向那偶像獻上祭物,並且為自己手所做的而慶祝。 42 神就轉身不顧,任憑他們去事奉天上的萬象,正如先知書上所記載的:

以色列家呀!
你們在曠野的四十年裡獻上的犧牲和祭物,
難道是給我的嗎?
43 你們抬起了摩洛的帳幕和你們理番神的星,
就是你們為敬拜而造的像。
因此,我要把你們遷移到巴比倫以外去。』[aa]

真正的會幕

44 「我們的祖先在曠野有見證的會幕,是照著對摩西說話的那一位所吩咐的,並按照摩西看到的樣式所做成的。 45 我們的祖先相繼承受了這會幕,並且與約書亞一起把它帶進了繼業之地,就是神從我們祖先面前趕出的外邦人的地,直到大衛的時代。 46 大衛在神面前蒙了恩典,就祈求為雅各的神[ab]預備[ac]一個居所[ad] 47 但為神建造殿宇[ae]的卻是所羅門 48 其實至高者並不住在人手所造的殿宇[af]裡,正如先知所說:

49 『主說:「天是我的寶座,
地是我的腳凳。
你們要為我建造什麼樣的殿宇[ag]呢?
我安息的地方在哪裡呢?
50 這一切難道不都是我手所造的嗎?」』[ah]

抗拒聖靈

51 「你們這些頑固不化、心和耳都未受割禮的人哪,你們總是抗拒聖靈!你們的祖先怎樣,你們也怎樣。 52 有哪一位先知,你們的祖先不逼迫呢?他們殺了那些預言那義者要來的先知,現在你們又成為那義者的出賣者和凶手了。 53 你們領受了藉天使所設立的律法,卻不遵守。」

司提反殉道

54 他們聽了這些話就勃然大怒[ai],向司提反咬牙切齒。 55 但是司提反充滿聖靈,注目望天,看見了神的榮耀,又看見耶穌站在神的右邊。 56 他說:「看哪,我看見諸天開了,人子站在神的右邊。」

57 於是他們大聲喊叫,摀著耳朵,一齊向他衝過去, 58 把他拉到城外,用石頭砸他。那些見證人把自己的外衣放在一個稱為掃羅的年輕人腳前。 59 他們用石頭砸司提反的時候,司提反向主[aj]呼求,說:「主耶穌,求你接受我的靈魂!」 60 然後他跪下,大聲呼喊:「主啊,不要把這罪歸於他們。」說了這話,他就睡了。

Footnotes

  1. 使徒行傳 7:3 《創世記》12:1。
  2. 使徒行傳 7:7 《創世記》15:13-14。
  3. 使徒行傳 7:11 埃及——有古抄本作「埃及地」。
  4. 使徒行傳 7:14 人——原文直譯「靈魂」。
  5. 使徒行傳 7:14 七十五人——參《創世記》46:27;《出埃及記》1:5。希伯來原文作「七十人」。
  6. 使徒行傳 7:17 宣告——有古抄本作「起誓」。
  7. 使徒行傳 7:20 有古抄本沒有「在神的眼裡」。
  8. 使徒行傳 7:23 探望——或譯作「照顧」。
  9. 使徒行傳 7:23 同胞——原文直譯「兄弟」。
  10. 使徒行傳 7:24 同胞——原文直譯「人」。
  11. 使徒行傳 7:25 同胞——原文直譯「兄弟」。
  12. 使徒行傳 7:25 拯救他們——原文直譯「給他們拯救」。
  13. 使徒行傳 7:26 同胞——原文直譯「兄弟」。
  14. 使徒行傳 7:27 同伴——原文直譯「鄰人」。
  15. 使徒行傳 7:28 《出埃及記》2:14。
  16. 使徒行傳 7:29 寄居在米甸地——原文直譯「成了在米甸地的一個寄居者」。
  17. 使徒行傳 7:30 天使——有古抄本作「主的天使」或「主的使者」。
  18. 使徒行傳 7:31 景象——或譯作「異象」。
  19. 使徒行傳 7:32 亞伯拉罕、以撒、雅各的神——有古抄本作「亞伯拉罕的神、以撒的神、雅各的神」。
  20. 使徒行傳 7:32 《出埃及記》3:6,15。
  21. 使徒行傳 7:34 《出埃及記》3:5,7-8,10。
  22. 使徒行傳 7:35 《出埃及記》2:14。
  23. 使徒行傳 7:37 神——有古抄本作「主——你們的神」。
  24. 使徒行傳 7:37 有古抄本附「你們當聽從他。」
  25. 使徒行傳 7:37 《申命記》18:15。
  26. 使徒行傳 7:40 《出埃及記》32:1,23。
  27. 使徒行傳 7:43 《阿摩司書》5:25-27。
  28. 使徒行傳 7:46 雅各的神——有古抄本作「雅各的家」。
  29. 使徒行傳 7:46 預備——原文直譯「尋找」。
  30. 使徒行傳 7:46 居所——原文直譯「帳幕」或「會幕」。
  31. 使徒行傳 7:47 殿宇——原文直譯「家」。
  32. 使徒行傳 7:48 有古抄本沒有「殿宇」。
  33. 使徒行傳 7:49 殿宇——原文直譯「家」。
  34. 使徒行傳 7:50 《以賽亞書》66:1-2。
  35. 使徒行傳 7:54 勃然大怒——或譯作「心如被刀割」。
  36. 使徒行傳 7:59 向主——輔助詞語。

司提反的话

这时,大祭司问道∶“事实是这样的吗?” 司提反答道∶“父老兄弟们,请听我说!我们的祖先亚伯拉罕还在米所波大米时,也就是移居哈兰之前,荣耀无比的上帝便出现在他的面前, 对他说∶‘离开你的故土和亲人,到我指给你看的地方去。’ [a] 所以,亚伯拉罕便离开了迦勒底人的国土,来到了哈兰。他的父亲去世后,上帝又让他从那里搬迁到了你们现在生活的地方。 上帝没有给他任何产业,连立足之地也没有给他。然而,上帝却许下诺言,要把那块土地赐给他和他的后代做为财产,尽管亚伯拉罕当时并没有孩子。 上帝是这样对他说的∶‘你的子孙后代要成为异乡的陌生人,那里的人要奴役、虐待他们四百年。 然后,我会惩罚奴役他们的民族。’上帝还说∶‘然后,他们会离开那里,在这个地方崇拜我。’ 于是,上帝赐给了亚伯拉罕割礼的契约。接着,亚伯拉罕做了以撒的父亲。并在以撒出生之后的第八天,给他行了割礼,后来,以撒做了雅各的父亲,雅各又做了十二个族长的父亲。

这些族长非常嫉妒约瑟(他们的弟弟)。他们把他卖到了埃及做奴隶,但是,上帝与他同在。 10 上帝把他从他的一切困苦中解救了出来。上帝又赐给约瑟智慧,使他能够得到埃及王法老的宠爱。后来,法老让他做了埃及的宰相,并兼掌他的全部家眷。 11 后来,埃及和迦南各地都发生了大饥荒,那里的人们都受着煎熬。我们的祖先找不到食物。 12 雅各听说埃及有食物,便派遣我们的祖先到那里去了-这是第一次。 13 他们第二次去埃及的时候,约瑟便与几个兄弟相认了,法老由此了解了约瑟的家庭。 14 约瑟又派人去请来他的父亲雅各和所有的亲属,一共七十五人。 15 雅各南下埃及。他和我们的祖先们最后都死在那里。 16 他们的尸体被运回示剑,葬在亚伯拉罕用一笔钱向哈抹的儿子们买来的墓穴里。

17 当上帝对亚伯拉罕许下的诺言就要实现的时候,在埃及的以色列人已经大大地增多了。 18 然后,新国王登基,开始统治埃及。他一点也不了解约瑟。 19 这个国王狡猾地欺骗我们的民族,虐待他们,强迫他们把婴儿丢弃在屋外,为了让他们活不下去。 20 就在那时候,摩西出世了,他长得非常可爱。在他父亲家里抚养了三个月。 21 当他被放在外边时,法老的女儿收养了他,把他当做自己的儿子来哺育。 22 因此,摩西受到了完整的埃及智慧的教育,他的语言和行动都具有力量。

23 摩西大约四十岁的时候,决定去拜访他的兄弟,也就是那些以色列人。 24 当他看到一个同胞正在受虐待时,便去卫护他,把那个欺负他的埃及人杀掉,为他报了仇。 25 (摩西以为他自己的犹太兄弟们会知道,是上帝派他来解救他们的,但是,他们却没有意识到这点。) 26 第二天,他遇见一些同胞在打架,他想替他们调解,于是便说∶“你们都是兄弟,为什么要虐待彼此呢?” 27 可是,那个欺负自己邻居的人却把摩西推到了一边,说∶“谁指定你做我们的领袖和法官了? 28 你昨天杀了那个埃及人,今天你是不是要来杀我呀?” 29 摩西听到这些,便离开了埃及,去了米甸,在那里客居下来,并且生了两个儿子。

30 四十年后,一位天使在西乃山附近旷野里燃烧着荆棘的火焰中,在摩西的面前出现了。 31 摩西见到这个情景,觉得十分惊奇。他走近它,想看得更清楚一些。这时,他听到了主的声音说: 32 “我是你的祖先们的上帝,是亚伯拉罕、以撒和雅各 [b]的上帝。”摩西听了,吓得浑身颤栗,不敢看了。 33 主又对他说∶“把你脚上的草鞋脱下来,因为你站的那块土地是神圣的土地。 34 我已目睹了我的子民在埃及所受的虐待,我已经听到了他们的呻吟,我下到这里是解放我的子民的。来吧,我要把你派谴回埃及。”

35 这就是那个被人拒弃说“谁指定你做我们的领袖和法官了?”的摩西。上帝借出现在燃烧的荆棘中的天使派遣他做了领袖和救世主。 36 摩西带领人们离开了埃及。他在埃及国土、在红海之滨和旷野里四十年中,做出一个又一个奇事和迹象。 37 摩西对以色列人是这样说的∶“上帝要从你们自己人当中为你们派遣一位像我这样的先知。” 38 他和聚集在旷野里的以色列人在一起、和我们的祖先,以及在西乃山上与他说话的那个天使在一起,他领受了赋予生命的话,然后把它给了我们。

39 但是,我们的祖先们不但拒绝服从他,而且还抛弃了他,他们在心里又回到埃及去了。 40 他们对亚伦说∶“造一些为我们引路的神吧,这个指引我们走出埃及的摩西,我们不知道他遇到过什么事。” 41 就在那时,他们造了一头牛犊的像,并把祭品献给这个偶像,接着开始为他们双手造出的东西而庆祝。 42 可是,上帝离开他们了,任凭他们去崇拜星辰。正如先知书上所记载的那样:

‘以色列的居民啊,
你们在旷野里生活了四十年,
你们的牺牲和祭物,不是为我献上的。
43 你们抬着摩洛的帐篷和你们理番神的星辰,
即你们崇拜的偶像;
因此,我要逐出你们
到巴比伦的另一边去。’ (A)

44 “在旷野里与我们祖先们同在的圣帐,是上帝吩咐摩西按照他看见的样式制做成的。 45 我们的祖先继承了这圣帐,当上帝在他们前边赶走外族人占据的那片土地时,约书亚便带领他们占据了那片土地,圣帐也被带到那里,直到大卫的时代。 46 大卫受着上帝的宠爱,于是请求允许他为雅各的上帝造一座殿宇, 47 但是却是所罗门为上帝建造了这所殿宇。

48 不过,至高的上帝没有住在人类双手所建的房子里,正如一个先知所说的那样:

49 ‘天是我的宝座,
地是我的垫脚凳,
你们要为我盖一所什么样的房子呢?主说,
或者说,那里是我休息的地方呢?
50 难道这一切不都是我创造出来的吗?’” (B)

51 “你们这些顽固的犹太领袖,你们没有把心交给上帝!你们就是不听他的!你们总是抵制圣灵,就像你们的祖先一样! 52 过去,哪一个先知没有遭到过你们祖先的迫害?他们甚至杀掉了那些很久以前预言“义者要到来”的先知。而现在,你们又出卖并且杀害了那义者。 53 你们领受了天使传给你们的律法,但是却从不遵守它!”

司提反被杀害

54 那些犹太人听到这里,都火冒三丈,对他恨得咬牙切齿。 55 然而,司提反的心中充满了圣灵,举目望天,看见了上帝的荣耀和站在他右侧的耶稣。 56 他说∶“看哪,我看见天空开启,人子正站在上帝的右侧。”

57 听到这番话,他们开始大喊大叫起来,并堵住自己的耳朵,然后,他们便朝司提反蜂拥而上, 58 把他拉出城去,开始用石头砸他。那些见证人脱下外套,放在一个年轻人的脚边。这个年轻人名字叫扫罗。 59 当那帮人不断用石头砸司提反时,司提反祷告道∶“主耶稣啊,接受我的灵吧!” 60 随后,他跪下来,大声喊道∶“主啊,不要为此罪责怪他们!”说完,他就死了。

Footnotes

  1. 使 徒 行 傳 7:3 引自《创世记》12:1。
  2. 使 徒 行 傳 7:32 亚伯拉罕、以撒和雅各: 在旧约时代最重要的犹太人的领袖中的三人。

Then said the high priest, Are these things so?

And he said, Men, brethren, and fathers, hearken; The God of glory appeared unto our father Abraham, when he was in Mesopotamia, before he dwelt in Charran,

And said unto him, Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and come into the land which I shall shew thee.

Then came he out of the land of the Chaldaeans, and dwelt in Charran: and from thence, when his father was dead, he removed him into this land, wherein ye now dwell.

And he gave him none inheritance in it, no, not so much as to set his foot on: yet he promised that he would give it to him for a possession, and to his seed after him, when as yet he had no child.

And God spake on this wise, That his seed should sojourn in a strange land; and that they should bring them into bondage, and entreat them evil four hundred years.

And the nation to whom they shall be in bondage will I judge, said God: and after that shall they come forth, and serve me in this place.

And he gave him the covenant of circumcision: and so Abraham begat Isaac, and circumcised him the eighth day; and Isaac begat Jacob; and Jacob begat the twelve patriarchs.

And the patriarchs, moved with envy, sold Joseph into Egypt: but God was with him,

10 And delivered him out of all his afflictions, and gave him favour and wisdom in the sight of Pharaoh king of Egypt; and he made him governor over Egypt and all his house.

11 Now there came a dearth over all the land of Egypt and Chanaan, and great affliction: and our fathers found no sustenance.

12 But when Jacob heard that there was corn in Egypt, he sent out our fathers first.

13 And at the second time Joseph was made known to his brethren; and Joseph's kindred was made known unto Pharaoh.

14 Then sent Joseph, and called his father Jacob to him, and all his kindred, threescore and fifteen souls.

15 So Jacob went down into Egypt, and died, he, and our fathers,

16 And were carried over into Sychem, and laid in the sepulchre that Abraham bought for a sum of money of the sons of Emmor the father of Sychem.

17 But when the time of the promise drew nigh, which God had sworn to Abraham, the people grew and multiplied in Egypt,

18 Till another king arose, which knew not Joseph.

19 The same dealt subtilly with our kindred, and evil entreated our fathers, so that they cast out their young children, to the end they might not live.

20 In which time Moses was born, and was exceeding fair, and nourished up in his father's house three months:

21 And when he was cast out, Pharaoh's daughter took him up, and nourished him for her own son.

22 And Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, and was mighty in words and in deeds.

23 And when he was full forty years old, it came into his heart to visit his brethren the children of Israel.

24 And seeing one of them suffer wrong, he defended him, and avenged him that was oppressed, and smote the Egyptian:

25 For he supposed his brethren would have understood how that God by his hand would deliver them: but they understood not.

26 And the next day he shewed himself unto them as they strove, and would have set them at one again, saying, Sirs, ye are brethren; why do ye wrong one to another?

27 But he that did his neighbour wrong thrust him away, saying, Who made thee a ruler and a judge over us?

28 Wilt thou kill me, as thou diddest the Egyptian yesterday?

29 Then fled Moses at this saying, and was a stranger in the land of Madian, where he begat two sons.

30 And when forty years were expired, there appeared to him in the wilderness of mount Sina an angel of the Lord in a flame of fire in a bush.

31 When Moses saw it, he wondered at the sight: and as he drew near to behold it, the voice of the Lord came unto him,

32 Saying, I am the God of thy fathers, the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob. Then Moses trembled, and durst not behold.

33 Then said the Lord to him, Put off thy shoes from thy feet: for the place where thou standest is holy ground.

34 I have seen, I have seen the affliction of my people which is in Egypt, and I have heard their groaning, and am come down to deliver them. And now come, I will send thee into Egypt.

35 This Moses whom they refused, saying, Who made thee a ruler and a judge? the same did God send to be a ruler and a deliverer by the hand of the angel which appeared to him in the bush.

36 He brought them out, after that he had shewed wonders and signs in the land of Egypt, and in the Red sea, and in the wilderness forty years.

37 This is that Moses, which said unto the children of Israel, A prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you of your brethren, like unto me; him shall ye hear.

38 This is he, that was in the church in the wilderness with the angel which spake to him in the mount Sina, and with our fathers: who received the lively oracles to give unto us:

39 To whom our fathers would not obey, but thrust him from them, and in their hearts turned back again into Egypt,

40 Saying unto Aaron, Make us gods to go before us: for as for this Moses, which brought us out of the land of Egypt, we wot not what is become of him.

41 And they made a calf in those days, and offered sacrifice unto the idol, and rejoiced in the works of their own hands.

42 Then God turned, and gave them up to worship the host of heaven; as it is written in the book of the prophets, O ye house of Israel, have ye offered to me slain beasts and sacrifices by the space of forty years in the wilderness?

43 Yea, ye took up the tabernacle of Moloch, and the star of your god Remphan, figures which ye made to worship them: and I will carry you away beyond Babylon.

44 Our fathers had the tabernacle of witness in the wilderness, as he had appointed, speaking unto Moses, that he should make it according to the fashion that he had seen.

45 Which also our fathers that came after brought in with Jesus into the possession of the Gentiles, whom God drave out before the face of our fathers, unto the days of David;

46 Who found favour before God, and desired to find a tabernacle for the God of Jacob.

47 But Solomon built him an house.

48 Howbeit the most High dwelleth not in temples made with hands; as saith the prophet,

49 Heaven is my throne, and earth is my footstool: what house will ye build me? saith the Lord: or what is the place of my rest?

50 Hath not my hand made all these things?

51 Ye stiffnecked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, ye do always resist the Holy Ghost: as your fathers did, so do ye.

52 Which of the prophets have not your fathers persecuted? and they have slain them which shewed before of the coming of the Just One; of whom ye have been now the betrayers and murderers:

53 Who have received the law by the disposition of angels, and have not kept it.

54 When they heard these things, they were cut to the heart, and they gnashed on him with their teeth.

55 But he, being full of the Holy Ghost, looked up stedfastly into heaven, and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing on the right hand of God,

56 And said, Behold, I see the heavens opened, and the Son of man standing on the right hand of God.

57 Then they cried out with a loud voice, and stopped their ears, and ran upon him with one accord,

58 And cast him out of the city, and stoned him: and the witnesses laid down their clothes at a young man's feet, whose name was Saul.

59 And they stoned Stephen, calling upon God, and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.

60 And he kneeled down, and cried with a loud voice, Lord, lay not this sin to their charge. And when he had said this, he fell asleep.