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耶路撒冷必荒废七十年

玛代人亚哈随鲁的儿子大利乌被立为王,统治迦勒底国的第一年, 就是他作王的第一年,我但以理从经书上留意到耶和华临到耶利米先知的话,指出耶路撒冷荒废的年数必满七十年。

但以理禁食祈祷

于是我转向主 神,禁食,披麻蒙灰,藉祈祷和恳求寻求他。 我向耶和华我的 神祷告、认罪,说:“主啊!伟大可畏的 神,你向那些爱你(“你”原文作“他”),遵守你(“你”原文作“他”)诫命的人守约施慈爱。 我们犯了罪,行了不义,作了恶,背叛了你,偏离了你的诫命典章; 没有听从你的仆人众先知,他们奉你的名向我们的君王、领袖、列祖和国中所有的人民说话。 主啊!你是公义的;我们满面羞愧,正如今日的光景;我们犹大人、耶路撒冷的居民,和被你赶逐到远近各地的以色列众人,都因对你不忠而满面羞愧。 耶和华啊!我们和我们的君王、领袖、列祖,都满面羞愧,因为我们得罪了你。 虽然我们背叛了主我们的 神,他仍是满有怜悯和饶恕。 10 我们没有听从耶和华我们 神的话,没有遵行他借着他的仆人众先知向我们颁布的律法。 11 以色列众人都违背了你的律法,偏离了你,不听从你的话,因此, 神的仆人摩西的律法书上所记载的咒诅和誓言,都倾倒在我们身上;我们实在得罪了 神。 12 他实现了他的预言,按着他向我们和那些治理我们的官长所说过的话,使大灾祸临到我们身上;耶路撒冷所遇的灾祸是在普天之下从未发生过的。 13 这一切灾祸是按着摩西的律法书上所记载的,临到了我们身上,但我们仍没有恳求耶和华我们的 神施恩,使我们离开罪孽,明白你的真理。 14 所以耶和华留意使这灾祸临到我们身上,因为耶和华我们的 神在他所行的一切事上都是公义的,我们却没有听从他的话。 15 主我们的 神啊!你曾用强而有力的手把你的子民从埃及地领出来,使你自己得了名,好象今天一样。现在,我们犯了罪,作了恶。 16 主啊!求你按着你的一切公义,使你的怒气和忿怒转离你的城耶路撒冷,就是你的圣山;因我们的罪和我们列祖的罪孽的缘故,耶路撒冷和你的子民成了在我们四围的人羞辱的对象。 17 现在,我们的 神啊!求你垂听你仆人的祷告和恳求;主啊!为了你自己的缘故,使你的脸光照你这荒凉了的圣所。 18 我的 神啊!求你侧耳而听,睁眼垂顾我们的荒凉,和那称为你名下的城;因为我们向你恳求,并不是因着自己的义,而是因着你的大怜悯。 19 主啊!求你垂听。主啊!求你赦免。主啊!求你应允而行。我的 神啊!为了你自己的缘故,求你不要耽延。因为你的城和你的子民都是称为你名下的。”

七十个七的预言

20 我还在说话、祷告、承认我的罪和我同胞以色列人的罪,为我 神的圣山,向耶和华我的 神恳求的时候; 21 我还在祷告说话的时候,我先前在异象中所见的那位样貌像人的加百列,约在献晚祭的时候,快速地飞(“快速地飞”原文意思难确定,或译:“在精疲力竭时”)到我面前来。 22 他向我解释,说:“但以理啊!现在我来,要使你有智慧,有聪明。 23 你开始恳求的时候,就有命令发出。因为你是大蒙眷爱的,所以我来告诉你;你要留意这信息,明白这异象。

24 “为你的同胞和你的圣城,已经定了七十个七,要结束过犯,终止罪恶,遮盖罪孽,引进永义,封住异象和预言,并且膏抹至圣所(“至圣所”或译:“至圣者”)。 25 你要知道,也要明白,从发出命令恢复和重建耶路撒冷,直到受膏君的时候,必有七个七;又有六十二个七(“必有七个七;又有六十二个七”或译:“必有七个七和六十二个七”),耶路撒冷连广场和濠沟,都必重新建造起来;那是一段困苦的时期。 26 六十二个七以后,受膏者必被剪除,一无所有(“一无所有”或译:“不再存在”);那将要来的领袖的人民必毁灭这城和圣所。结局必像洪水而来;必有争战直到末了;荒凉的事已经定了。 27 一七之内,他必和许多人坚立盟约;一七之半,他必使献祭和供物终止;他必在殿里(“殿里”原文作“翼上”);设立那使地荒凉的可憎的像(“可憎的像”原文是复数),直到指定的结局倾倒在那造成荒凉的人身上。”

Chapter 9

The Seventy Weeks of Years. It was the first year that Darius,[a] son of Ahasuerus, of the race of the Medes, reigned over the kingdom of the Chaldeans; (A)in the first year of his reign, I, Daniel, perceived in the books the number of years the Lord had decreed to the prophet Jeremiah: Jerusalem was to lie in ruins for seventy years.[b]

I turned to the Lord God, to seek help, in prayer and petition, with fasting, sackcloth, and ashes. (B)I prayed to the Lord, my God, and confessed, “Ah, Lord, great and awesome God, you who keep your covenant and show mercy toward those who love you and keep your commandments and your precepts! We have sinned, been wicked and done evil; we have rebelled and turned from your commandments and your laws. We have not obeyed your servants the prophets, who spoke in your name to our kings, our princes, our ancestors, and all the people of the land. Justice, O Lord, is on your side; we are shamefaced even to this day: the men of Judah, the residents of Jerusalem, and all Israel, near and far, in all the lands to which you have scattered them because of their treachery toward you. O Lord, we are ashamed, like our kings, our princes, and our ancestors, for having sinned against you. But to the Lord, our God, belong compassion and forgiveness, though we rebelled against him 10 and did not hear the voice of the Lord, our God, by walking in his laws given through his servants the prophets. 11 (C)The curse and the oath written in the law of Moses, the servant of God, were poured out over us for our sins, because all Israel transgressed your law and turned aside, refusing to hear your voice. 12 He fulfilled the words he spoke against us and against those who ruled us, by bringing upon us an evil—no evil so great has happened under heaven as happened in Jerusalem. 13 As it is written[c] in the law of Moses, this evil has come upon us. We did not appease the Lord, our God, by turning back from our wickedness and acting according to your truth, 14 so the Lord kept watch over the evil and brought it upon us. The Lord, our God, is just in all that he has done: we did not listen to his voice.

15 “Now, Lord, our God, who led your people out of the land of Egypt with a strong hand, and made a name for yourself even to this day, we have sinned, we are guilty. 16 Lord, in keeping with all your just deeds, let your anger and your wrath be turned away from your city Jerusalem, your holy mountain. On account of our sins and the crimes of our ancestors, Jerusalem and your people have become the reproach of all our neighbors. 17 Now, our God, hear the prayer and petition of your servant; and for your own sake, Lord, let your face shine upon your desolate sanctuary. 18 Give ear, my God, and listen; open your eyes and look upon our desolate city upon which your name is invoked. When we present our petition before you, we rely not on our just deeds, but on your great mercy. 19 Lord, hear! Lord, pardon! Lord, be attentive and act without delay, for your own sake, my God, because your name is invoked upon your city and your people!”

20 I was still praying to the Lord, my God, confessing my sin and the sin of my people Israel, presenting my petition concerning the holy mountain of my God— 21 I was still praying, when the man, Gabriel, whom I had seen in vision before, came to me in flight at the time of the evening offering.[d] 22 He instructed me in these words: “Daniel, I have now come to give you understanding. 23 When you began your petition, an answer was given which I have come to announce, because you are beloved. Therefore, mark the answer and understand the vision.

24 “Seventy weeks[e] are decreed
    for your people and for your holy city:
Then transgression will stop and sin will end,
    guilt will be expiated,
Everlasting justice will be introduced,
    vision and prophecy ratified,
    and a holy of holies will be anointed.
25     Know and understand:
From the utterance of the word
    that Jerusalem was to be rebuilt[f]
Until there is an anointed ruler,
    there shall be seven weeks.
In the course of sixty-two weeks
    it shall be rebuilt,
With squares and trenches,
    in time of affliction.
26 After the sixty-two weeks
    an anointed one[g] shall be cut down
    with no one to help him.
And the people of a leader who will come
    shall destroy the city and the sanctuary.
His end shall come in a flood;
    until the end of the war, which is decreed,
    there will be desolation.
27 For one week[h] he shall make
    a firm covenant with the many;
Half the week
    he shall abolish sacrifice and offering;
In their place shall be the desolating abomination
    until the ruin that is decreed
    is poured out upon the desolator.”(D)

Footnotes

  1. 9:1 Darius: see note on 6:1.
  2. 9:2 Seventy years: Jeremiah was understood to prophesy a Babylonian captivity of seventy years, a round number signifying the complete passing away of the existing generation (Jer 25:11; 29:10). On this view Jeremiah’s prophecy was seen to be fulfilled in the capture of Babylon by Cyrus and the subsequent return of the Jews to Palestine. However, the author of Daniel, living during the persecution of Antiochus, extends Jeremiah’s number to seventy weeks of years (Dn 9:24), i.e., seven times seventy years, to encompass the period of Seleucid persecution.
  3. 9:13 As it is written: the first time that this formula of Scriptural citation is used in the Bible. The reference (v. 11) is to the sanctions of Lv 26:14–16; Dt 28:15–17.
  4. 9:21 At the time of the evening offering: between three and four in the afternoon.
  5. 9:24 Seventy weeks: i.e., of years. Just as Jeremiah’s seventy years was an approximation (see note on v. 2), the four hundred and ninety years here is not to be taken literally. Similarly, the distribution of the “weeks” in the following verses indicates only relative proportions of the total figure. A holy of holies: or “most holy”; could be understood as a place (e.g., the Jerusalem Temple) or a person (cf. 1 Chr 23:13).
  6. 9:25 From the utterance…to be rebuilt: from the time of Jeremiah’s prophecy. Anointed ruler: either Cyrus, who was called the anointed of the Lord to end the exile (Is 45:1), or the high priest Jeshua who presided over the rebuilding of the altar of sacrifice after the exile (Ezr 3:2). Seven weeks: forty-nine years, an approximation of the time of the exile. In the course of sixty-two weeks…rebuilt: a period of four hundred thirty-four years, roughly approximating the interval between the rebuilding of Jerusalem after the exile and the beginning of the Seleucid persecution.
  7. 9:26 An anointed one: the high priest Onias III, murdered in 171 B.C., from which the author dates the beginning of the persecution. Onias was in exile when he was killed. A leader: Antiochus IV.
  8. 9:27 One week: the final phase of the period in view, the time of Antiochus’ persecution. He: Antiochus himself. The many: the faithless Jews who allied themselves with the Seleucids; cf. 1 Mc 1:11–13. Half the week: three and a half years; the Temple was desecrated by Antiochus from 167 to 164 B.C. The desolating abomination: see note on 8:13; probably a pagan altar. Jesus refers to this passage in his prediction of the destruction of Jerusalem in Mt 24:15.

Daniel’s Prayer

In the first year of Darius(A) son of Xerxes[a](B) (a Mede by descent), who was made ruler over the Babylonian[b] kingdom— in the first year of his reign, I, Daniel, understood from the Scriptures, according to the word of the Lord given to Jeremiah the prophet, that the desolation of Jerusalem would last seventy(C) years. So I turned to the Lord God and pleaded with him in prayer and petition, in fasting,(D) and in sackcloth and ashes.(E)

I prayed to the Lord my God and confessed:(F)

“Lord, the great and awesome God,(G) who keeps his covenant of love(H) with those who love him and keep his commandments, we have sinned(I) and done wrong.(J) We have been wicked and have rebelled; we have turned away(K) from your commands and laws.(L) We have not listened(M) to your servants the prophets,(N) who spoke in your name to our kings, our princes and our ancestors,(O) and to all the people of the land.

“Lord, you are righteous,(P) but this day we are covered with shame(Q)—the people of Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem and all Israel, both near and far, in all the countries where you have scattered(R) us because of our unfaithfulness(S) to you.(T) We and our kings, our princes and our ancestors are covered with shame, Lord, because we have sinned against you.(U) The Lord our God is merciful and forgiving,(V) even though we have rebelled against him;(W) 10 we have not obeyed the Lord our God or kept the laws he gave us through his servants the prophets.(X) 11 All Israel has transgressed(Y) your law(Z) and turned away, refusing to obey you.

“Therefore the curses(AA) and sworn judgments(AB) written in the Law of Moses, the servant of God, have been poured out on us, because we have sinned(AC) against you. 12 You have fulfilled(AD) the words spoken against us and against our rulers by bringing on us great disaster.(AE) Under the whole heaven nothing has ever been done like(AF) what has been done to Jerusalem.(AG) 13 Just as it is written in the Law of Moses, all this disaster has come on us, yet we have not sought the favor of the Lord(AH) our God by turning from our sins and giving attention to your truth.(AI) 14 The Lord did not hesitate to bring the disaster(AJ) on us, for the Lord our God is righteous in everything he does;(AK) yet we have not obeyed him.(AL)

15 “Now, Lord our God, who brought your people out of Egypt with a mighty hand(AM) and who made for yourself a name(AN) that endures to this day, we have sinned, we have done wrong. 16 Lord, in keeping with all your righteous acts,(AO) turn away(AP) your anger and your wrath(AQ) from Jerusalem,(AR) your city, your holy hill.(AS) Our sins and the iniquities of our ancestors have made Jerusalem and your people an object of scorn(AT) to all those around us.

17 “Now, our God, hear the prayers and petitions of your servant. For your sake, Lord, look with favor(AU) on your desolate sanctuary. 18 Give ear,(AV) our God, and hear;(AW) open your eyes and see(AX) the desolation of the city that bears your Name.(AY) We do not make requests of you because we are righteous, but because of your great mercy.(AZ) 19 Lord, listen! Lord, forgive!(BA) Lord, hear and act! For your sake,(BB) my God, do not delay, because your city and your people bear your Name.”

The Seventy “Sevens”

20 While I was speaking and praying, confessing(BC) my sin and the sin of my people Israel and making my request to the Lord my God for his holy hill(BD) 21 while I was still in prayer, Gabriel,(BE) the man I had seen in the earlier vision, came to me in swift flight about the time of the evening sacrifice.(BF) 22 He instructed me and said to me, “Daniel, I have now come to give you insight and understanding.(BG) 23 As soon as you began to pray,(BH) a word went out, which I have come to tell you, for you are highly esteemed.(BI) Therefore, consider the word and understand the vision:(BJ)

24 “Seventy ‘sevens’[c] are decreed for your people and your holy city(BK) to finish[d] transgression, to put an end to sin, to atone(BL) for wickedness, to bring in everlasting righteousness,(BM) to seal up vision and prophecy and to anoint the Most Holy Place.[e]

25 “Know and understand this: From the time the word goes out to restore and rebuild(BN) Jerusalem until the Anointed One,[f](BO) the ruler,(BP) comes, there will be seven ‘sevens,’ and sixty-two ‘sevens.’ It will be rebuilt with streets and a trench, but in times of trouble.(BQ) 26 After the sixty-two ‘sevens,’ the Anointed One will be put to death(BR) and will have nothing.[g] The people of the ruler who will come will destroy the city and the sanctuary. The end will come like a flood:(BS) War will continue until the end, and desolations(BT) have been decreed.(BU) 27 He will confirm a covenant with many for one ‘seven.’[h] In the middle of the ‘seven’[i] he will put an end to sacrifice and offering. And at the temple[j] he will set up an abomination that causes desolation, until the end that is decreed(BV) is poured out on him.[k][l]

Footnotes

  1. Daniel 9:1 Hebrew Ahasuerus
  2. Daniel 9:1 Or Chaldean
  3. Daniel 9:24 Or ‘weeks’; also in verses 25 and 26
  4. Daniel 9:24 Or restrain
  5. Daniel 9:24 Or the most holy One
  6. Daniel 9:25 Or an anointed one; also in verse 26
  7. Daniel 9:26 Or death and will have no one; or death, but not for himself
  8. Daniel 9:27 Or ‘week’
  9. Daniel 9:27 Or ‘week’
  10. Daniel 9:27 Septuagint and Theodotion; Hebrew wing
  11. Daniel 9:27 Or it
  12. Daniel 9:27 Or And one who causes desolation will come upon the wing of the abominable temple, until the end that is decreed is poured out on the desolated city