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受虐流涕无人慰藉

我又转念,见日光之下所行的一切欺压。看哪,受欺压的流泪,且无人安慰;欺压他们的有势力,也无人安慰他们。 因此,我赞叹那早已死的死人,胜过那还活着的活人。 并且我以为那未曾生的,就是未见过日光之下恶事的,比这两等人更强。

我又见人为一切的劳碌和各样灵巧的工作,就被邻舍嫉妒。这也是虚空,也是捕风。 愚昧人抱着手,吃自己的肉。 满了一把得享安静,强如满了两把劳碌捕风。

我又转念,见日光之下有一件虚空的事。 有人孤单无二,无子无兄,竟劳碌不息,眼目也不以钱财为足。他说:“我劳劳碌碌,刻苦自己,不享福乐,到底是为谁呢?”这也是虚空,是极重的劳苦。 两个人总比一个人好,因为二人劳碌同得美好的果效。 10 若是跌倒,这人可以扶起他的同伴;若是孤身跌倒,没有别人扶起他来,这人就有祸了! 11 再者,二人同睡就都暖和,一人独睡怎能暖和呢? 12 有人攻胜孤身一人,若有二人便能抵挡他,三股合成的绳子不容易折断。

幼而智胜于老而愚

13 贫穷而有智慧的少年人,胜过年老不肯纳谏的愚昧王。 14 这人是从监牢中出来做王,在他国中,生来原是贫穷的。 15 我见日光之下一切行动的活人都随从那第二位,就是起来代替老王的少年人。 16 他所治理的众人,就是他的百姓,多得无数,在他后来的人尚且不喜悦他。这真是虚空,也是捕风。

I looked again and saw people being mistreated everywhere on earth. They were crying, but no one was there to offer comfort, and those who mistreated them were powerful. I said to myself, “The dead are better off than the living. But those who have never been born are better off than anyone else, because they have never seen the terrible things that happen on this earth.”

Then I realized that we work and do wonderful things just because we are jealous of others. This makes no more sense than chasing the wind.[a]

Fools will fold their hands
    and starve to death.
Yet a very little food
    eaten in peace
is better than twice as much
earned from overwork
    and chasing the wind.[b]

Once again I saw that nothing on earth makes sense. For example, some people don't have friends or family. But they are never satisfied with what they own, and they never stop working to get more. They should ask themselves, “Why am I always working to have more? Who will get what I leave behind?” What a senseless and miserable life!

It Is Better To Have a Friend

You are better having a friend than to be all alone, because then you will get more enjoyment out of what you earn. 10 If you fall, your friend can help you up. But if you fall without having a friend nearby, you are really in trouble. 11 If you sleep alone, you won't have anyone to keep you warm on a cold night. 12 Someone might be able to beat up one of you, but not both of you. As the saying goes, “A rope made from three strands of cord is hard to break.”

13 You may be poor and young, but if you are wise, you are better off than a foolish old king who won't listen to advice. 14 Even if you were not born into the royal family and have been a prisoner and poor, you can still be king. 15 I once saw everyone in the world follow a young leader who came to power after the king was gone. 16 His followers could not even be counted. But years from now, no one will praise him—this makes no more sense than chasing the wind.[c]

Footnotes

  1. 4.4 chasing the wind: See the note at 1.14.
  2. 4.6 chasing the wind: See the note at 1.14.
  3. 4.16 chasing the wind: See the note at 1.14.

Oppression, Toil, Friendlessness

Again I looked and saw all the oppression(A) that was taking place under the sun:

I saw the tears of the oppressed—
    and they have no comforter;
power was on the side of their oppressors—
    and they have no comforter.(B)
And I declared that the dead,(C)
    who had already died,
are happier than the living,
    who are still alive.(D)
But better than both
    is the one who has never been born,(E)
who has not seen the evil
    that is done under the sun.(F)

And I saw that all toil and all achievement spring from one person’s envy of another. This too is meaningless, a chasing after the wind.(G)

Fools fold their hands(H)
    and ruin themselves.
Better one handful with tranquillity
    than two handfuls with toil(I)
    and chasing after the wind.

Again I saw something meaningless under the sun:

There was a man all alone;
    he had neither son nor brother.
There was no end to his toil,
    yet his eyes were not content(J) with his wealth.
“For whom am I toiling,” he asked,
    “and why am I depriving myself of enjoyment?”
This too is meaningless—
    a miserable business!

Two are better than one,
    because they have a good return for their labor:
10 If either of them falls down,
    one can help the other up.
But pity anyone who falls
    and has no one to help them up.
11 Also, if two lie down together, they will keep warm.
    But how can one keep warm alone?
12 Though one may be overpowered,
    two can defend themselves.
A cord of three strands is not quickly broken.

Advancement Is Meaningless

13 Better a poor but wise youth than an old but foolish king who no longer knows how to heed a warning. 14 The youth may have come from prison to the kingship, or he may have been born in poverty within his kingdom. 15 I saw that all who lived and walked under the sun followed the youth, the king’s successor. 16 There was no end to all the people who were before them. But those who came later were not pleased with the successor. This too is meaningless, a chasing after the wind.